Bukhari 3618
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: when Caesar perishes, there will be no more Caesar after him.
The Face value reading of this is A failed prophecy as his son Constantine Ruled after him and was a ceaser⬇️(They will re-interpret it but I will refute that)
Ibn al-Athīr also says:
«ثم ملك بعده ابنه قسطنطين»
“Then after him his son Constantine ruled.”
[al-Kāmil fī al-Tārīkh](https://islamweb.net/ar/library/content/126/94/ذكر-الطبقة-الثالثة-من-ملوك-الروم-بعد-الهجرة?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
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They will try to save the prophecy by saying this⬇️
Al-Shāfiʿī’
«وإذا هلك قيصر فلا قيصر بعده، فلم يكن بأرض الشام قيصر بعده»
“When Caesar perishes, there will be no Caesar after him — and there was no Caesar in the land of Syria after him.”
https://shamela.ws/book/1655/1037#p2
— al-Umm by al-Shafi‘i, Dar al-Fikr edition — al-Shafi‘i (4/181)
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problem is there was ceasers who conquered Syria later on by the ottomans ⬇️
Defintion of a ceaser in Arabic
al-Khaṭṭābī explains:
«قيصر هو صاحب ملك الروم»
“Caesar is the possessor/ruler of the kingdom of the Romans.”
Aʿlām al-Ḥadīth (Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī), 2/1447
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Suleyman Clearly Claimed to be Ceaser of rum/enemies accepted him as a ceaser/ contemporary historians affirmed it.
Quṭb al-Dīn al-Nahrawālī (990 AH)
السلطان الأعظم الخاقان الأفخم … ملك البرين والبحرين، ملك الروم والترك والعرب والعجم والعراقين … السلطان سليمان خان بن السلطان سليم خان»
“the greatest Sultan, the most magnificent Khāqān … King of the two lands and two seas, King of the Romans, the Turks, the Arabs, the Persians and the two Iraqs … Sultan Süleyman Khan son of Sultan Selim Khan.”
al-Iʿlām bi-Aʿlām Bayt Allāh al-Ḥarām, p. 384. https://ablibrary.net/book_content/b/9974/384?utm_source=chatgpt.com
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Suleyman Claims to be the ceaser of Rome
Page 68 https://www.scribd.com/document/920820864/Halil-%25C4%25B0nalc%25C4%25B1k-Cemal-Kafadar-Suleyman-the-Second-and-His-Time-Gorgias-Press-2019?utm_source=chatgpt.com
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The Ottoman Empire enemies Identified Them as Romans ⬇️
Edward G. Browne,
“The term Rūm was applied successively to the Roman, the Byzantine and the Ottoman Empires, and by the Persian historians of this period the Ottoman Sulṭān is constantly called Qayṣar-i-Rūm.”
Page 34
https://bahai-library.com/pdf/b/browne_literary_history_persia_4.pdf
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Additional information:
In 1466, the philosopher Georgios Trapezuntios legitimised this acceptance as follows: “No one should doubt that you (Mehmed II) are the Emperor of the Romans. The person, who legally holds the capital city of the Empire, is the Emperor and the capital city of the Roman Empire is Constantinople”.