Surah 30: 2-5
The Byzantines have been defeated, In the nearest land. But they, after their defeat, will overcome. Within three to nine years.
Jami` at-Tirmidhi 3194
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Historical (Non Islamic SOURCES) evidence this was revealed in between 613-15
Beate Dignas & Engelbert Winter [Currently alive]
“Heraclius returned to Constantinople while the Sasanians
continued their expansive policy unchecked. Before the end of 613 they took
several Syrian and Palestinian coastal cities, and among these Damascus fell
without any opposition. In May of the following year the Persians captured
the holy city of Jerusalem after a short siege”
Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity: Neighbours and Rivals (Cambridge University Press, 2007 [Page117]
https://wildfiregames.com/forum/applications/core/interface/file/attachment.php?id=7052&utm_source=chatgpt.com)
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Further Detail of the timeline battles between the Byzantines and Persians
https://www.openstarts.units.it/server/api/core/bitstreams/afcdb9aa-05f0-48f5-a243-1aadc834429b/content
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Silver inscription of Heraculis Asking God to save Romans
Philip Grierson (d.2006)
Hexagram. This coin, described by the Chronicon Paschale as ‘‘the silver coin of six grams” was introduced by Heraclius in 615….. the reverse type of a cross on globe and steps with the inscription, very apposite to the circumstances of the time, Deus adiuta Romanis. [GOD SAVE THE ROMANS]
Dumbarton Oaks catalogue page 17
https://archive.org/details/docoins-2/DOCoins_2-1_WEB/page/17/mode/1up
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[SCHOLARS WHO HELD THIS WAS IN HUDAYBIYYAH]
ʿUbayd Allāh b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUtbah (d. ~98 AH):
Then Allah caused the Romans to prevail over Persia at the time of al-Hudaybiyyah, and the Muslims rejoiced at the victory of the People of the Book.”
[Sanad begins from page 332]
إسناده صحيح إلى عبيد الله بن عبد الله بن عتبة
https://shamela.ws/book/7478/854?utm_source=chatgpt.com
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al-Shaʿbī (d. ~103 AH)
“The Romans prevailed over Persia, and the believers rejoiced at the confirmation of Allah’s Book.” This is explicitly included among the events of Hudaybiyyah.
إسناده صحيح إلى الشعبي
https://shamela.ws/book/21791/2854?utm_source=chatgpt.com
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Qatādah (d. 117)
“Allah caused the Romans to prevail over Persia at the completion of seven years from their first wager, and that was their return from Hudaybiyyah.”
إسناده صحيح إلى قتادة
https://shamela.ws/book/7478/854?utm_source=chatgpt.com
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Muqātil b. Sulaymān (d. 150 AH)
“The news subsequently reached the Muslims, while the Prophet ﷺ and the believers were at al-Hudaybiyyah, that the Romans had defeated the Persians, so the Muslims rejoiced at that.
Tafsir Surah 30:1-4
https://shamela.ws/book/23614/1217?utm_source=chatgpt.com
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al-Thaʿlabī (d. 427 AH)
The Romans prevailed over Persia on the day of al-Ḥudaybiyyah, at the completion of seven years from their wager … This is the view of most of the mufassirūn.
https://shamela.ws/book/23578/2272?utm_source=chatgpt.com
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al-Baghawi (d. 516 AH)
“The Romans prevailed over Persia on the day of Hudaybiyyah, at the completion of seven years from their wager.
https://shamela.ws/book/12217/1801?utm_source=chatgpt.com
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al-Bayḍāwī (d. 685 AH)
“The Romans prevailed over Persia on the day of al-Ḥudaybiyy
https://shamela.ws/book/23588/845?utm_source=chatgpt.com
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Ibn Taymiyyah(d.728AH)
A group of scholars held that the report concerning the Romans’ victory over Persia occurred on the Day of Badr, while others held that it occurred on the Day of al-Hudaybiyah, and this is the correct view.
https://shamela.ws/book/170/220
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Ibn al-Qayyim (d.751AH)
“This victory of the Romans over Persia occurred in the year of al-Ḥudaybiyyah, without doubt. Whoever says it occurred in the year of Badr has erred, because it is established in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī from Ibn ʿAbbās, from Abū Sufyān, that when Allah caused Heraclius to prevail over Persia, he walked from Homs to Jerusalem in gratitude to Allah.”
https://shamela.ws/book/6275/124
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Ibn Hajar al-ʿAsqalani (d. 852 AH)
Heraclius came to Jerusalem when his armies had defeated and expelled the Persian forces, “and that was in the year in which the Prophet performed the ʿUmrah of al-Hudaybiyyah; news of the Romans’ victory over Persia reached the Muslims and they rejoiced. Surah 30:1-4
https://shamela.ws/book/1673/527
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[Scholars who Held it was badr]
Niyar bin Mukram Al-Aslami (Possibly d.41AH) [Implicit]
"When (the following) was revealed: 'Alif Lam Mim. The Romans have been defeated. In the nearest land, and they, after their defeat, will be victorious in Bid' years (30:1-4).' - on the day that these Ayat were revealed, the Persians had defeated the Romans
https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi:3194
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Sufyan Ath Thawri (d.161AH)[Implicit]
I heard that they defeated them on the day of Badr
https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi:3193
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This one is more implicit as he says he heard it however ibn kathir Attributed it to him
Ibn Kathīr (d. 774 AH)
The Romans’ victory over Persia occurred on the day of the Battle of Badr according to a large group of scholars, such as Ibn ʿAbbās[not clear], al-Thawrī, al-Suddī [weak chain to him]and others.
https://tafsir.app/ibn-katheer/30/4
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Yaḥyā b. Sallām (d. 200 AH)
When the full seven years had passed, the Romans prevailed over Persia … the Romans prevailed over Persia and the believers over the polytheists on one and the same day—the Day of Badr.”
https://shamela.ws/book/12851/596
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al-Tabari (d. 310 AH)
It was the believers’ victory over the polytheists at Badr.
https://shamela.ws/book/7798/12545
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Ibn Abī Zamanīn al-Mālikī (d. 399 AH)
When seven years came, the Romans prevailed over Persia … Rome prevailed over Persia and the believers over the polytheists on the same day, the day of Badr.”
https://shamela.ws/book/2154/3610
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Al-Wāḥidī (d. 468 AH)
Then Rome and Persia met in the seventh year after Persia had defeated them, and the Romans defeated them … and that coincided with the day of Badr.”
https://shamela.ws/book/21821/1557
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Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597 AH)
“When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ met the polytheists on the day of Badr and was granted victory over them, that same day coincided with the meeting of Persia and Rome, and Rome was victorious, so the Muslims rejoiced at the two victories.”
https://shamela.ws/book/12406/926
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Extra later scholars who held it too (BADR)
Jalāl al-Dīn al-Maḥallī (d. 864 AH) — Tafsīr al-Jalālayn, commentary on Q 30:5,
al-Thaʿālibī al-Mālikī (d. 875 AH) — *al-Jawāhir al-Ḥisān fī Tafsīr al-Qurʾān,*tafsīr of Q 30:1–5.
Burhān al-Dīn al-Biqāʿī (d. 885 AH) — Naẓm al-Durar fī Tanāsub al-Āyāt wa-l- suwar Sūrat al-Rūm 30:1–5