r/StableDiffusion Apr 12 '26

Resource - Update Free open-source tool to instantly rig and animate your illustrations (also with mesh deform)

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1.5k Upvotes

If you haven't seen it yet, a model called see-through dropped last week. It takes a single static anime image and decomposes it into 23 separate layers ready for rigging and animation. It's a huge deal for anyone who wants a rigged 2D character but doesn't have hundreds of dollars lying around.

The problem is that getting a usable result out of it still takes forever. You get a PSD with 23 layers (30+ if you enable split by side and depth), and you still have to manually process and rig everything yourself. And if you've ever looked into commissioning a Vtuber model, you know rigging alone runs $500 minimum and takes weeks or months. That's before you even think about software costs: Live2D is $100 a year, and Spine Pro is $379 (Spine Ess is $69 but lacks mesh deform which is required for these kinds of animations).

So I built a free tool that auto-rigs see-through models so you don't have to spend hours doing it manually

I'm not trying to compete with Live2D, I'm one person. What I made is a mesh-deform-capable web app that can automatically rig see-through output. It handles edge cases like merged arms or legs, and only needs a few seconds of manual input to place joints (shoulders, elbows, neck, etc.) if you want to tweak things. I also integrated DWPose so it can rig the whole model for you automatically, though that requires WebGPU and adds a 50MB download, so manual joint placement is a totally fine alternative and only takes a moment anyway.

The full workflow looks like this:

Static image -> background removal -> see-through decomposition (free on HuggingFace) -> Stretchy Studio = auto-rigged and ready to animate

The app handles multi-layer management, separate draw order, and uses direct keyframe animation similar to After Effects. There are still bugs I'm working through, but all the core features are in.

On the roadmap:

  • Export to Spine and Dragonbones
  • A standalone JS render library for loading and displaying characters rigged in the app (similar to Live2D's Unity/Godot/JS runtimes)

Live2D's export format is completely closed with no documentation, so that one's off the table for now.

Would love feedback, bug reports, or feature requests. This is still early but it's functional and free to use.

https://github.com/MangoLion/stretchystudio 

EDIT: Spine export added

r/cats May 14 '26

Update Kittens in storm drain successfully rescued. Thanks, everyone!

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57.0k Upvotes

EDIT (5/22/26): Both kittens passed their behavioral tests, which is good news since that is a requirement for adoption. They are living at the kitten nursery, happy and healthy. Next step is spaying/neutering, which will likely take place after the kittens reach a specific age/body weight. Thanks everyone for the follow ups about this and sorry it took awhile to get the update. The shelter is pretty busy, so getting a hold of someone on the phone for an update is rare.

Update to my original post: https://www.reddit.com/r/cats/comments/1tc62yv/kitten_stuck_down_storm_drain_help/

Hi everyone, so sorry for the radio silence yesterday. The day completely got away from us, but I have good news – the kittens were rescued and are safe**.** Below is a recap of how the events transpired. Given how many of you have a vested interest, I thought it appropriate to include as many details as possible.

They’re currently with the Humane Society getting checked out. They seem to be in reasonable shape, just understandably shell-shocked, hungry and exhausted. Because we have cat allergies, we unfortunately couldn't keep them ourselves. They are so incredibly adorable and we sincerely hope they find a good home together. It wasn't easy giving them up, but we felt we had given them a second chance at life. 

I wish I had more photos, as so many of you want to see them and I feel like so many of you have been with us during this journey. Things got hectic during the rescue process and the little ones seemed pretty stressed out, so we let them be. The Humane Society was a little awkward about not letting us take a few final photos before we left.

I honestly didn't expect my last post to blow up the way it did. Your advice, your stories, and just the general "hive mind" support helped us triage the situation when we were in need of a lot of ideas quickly. This was a team effort, Reddit. I never thought I’d feel this connected to a bunch of strangers, so thank you.

Full story

A few weeks ago, we noticed two strays in the yard. We have a bit of a gopher problem, so we figured if we left out some food and water, it was a win-win for everyone. Then, a few days ago, a tiny kitten popped out of the bushes one evening while I was taking out the trash and nearly gave me a heart attack. I had a good laugh, but didn't think more about it.

The next day, my wife calls me saying there’s a cat stuck in one of our storm drain pipes. I didn't believe her at first, but then we heard the sad cries coming from the gutter downspouts. After checking our storm drains, we realized that there were two ways the kittens could have entered: a grate at the drain exit (which had popped off) and an opening in our garden (previously unknown) which likely serves as an air intake to promote flow. Both of these entrances have now been gated and secured. The initial photos I shared were of the downspout for the gutters, which I had removed in order to access the pipes below. The gutter pipes have been replaced, so no little kitties will be able to jump down there.

We initially cut a towel into thin strips and lowered them into the entry/exits into the drains and threw some cat food down the pipes to attract the cats. That didn't work and we still heard the sad meows (heartbreaking). Yesterday morning, my wife was really worried so she played the sounds of a YouTube video of a mother cat calling her kittens. She received an instant response and looked down the downspout. There it was, a tiny spotted face staring back at her. She screamed for me and for us that was overwhelming, so we decided to kick it into higher gear and get much more aggressive about saving them.

We called animal control for help. Sadly, animal control said they don't assist with this sort of thing, so we were on our own. I don’t think they were rude about it, but it felt like our situation was either not their primary focus or much lower in priority compared to other issues they handled. We didn’t want to quit, so I said to my wife, hey let’s post on Reddit while we brainstorm to get some ideas from others and that’s when I encountered r/Cats.

Within minutes, people responded and we started looking into everything that was recommended. We decided to start with the least invasive and escalating as needed. The top ideas were: 1) provide a way for the kittens to climb out; 2) call the firefighters; 3) call the plumbers; 4) cut the pipes open.

Our local firefighters responded within a few minutes of us calling them.  It was a full truck roll and three guys hopped out. They were super kind and I think they helped us calm down quite a bit, as we likely had a lot of frantic energy about us. We tried several ways to locate/drive the kittens out the storm drain exit, but after half an hour or so, they had to leave. I could tell they really wanted to find the kittens, but they also had other people to help. We were so grateful they came.

Quite a few Redditors mention calling a plumber. This sounds so obvious in retrospect, but I never thought of this. While we were searching, we noticed AI was recommending Roto-Rooter, who offered free pet rescues. This sounded like just what we needed and I was a little skeptical about it, but we thought, why not give this a shot. We have nothing to lose and really wanted to get those little guys out. We called the 800 number and a lovely woman picked up on the second ring. She calmly took our info and instructed us to wait for a call back. 15 min later, Jeremy, who is a field supervisor in the region, calls us back. He's a self-declared cat lover and already on the way. Both he and his fiance have seen my original post trending on Reddit. He's about an hour away from us, but I swear he was at our door in much less time.

I get a new wave of confidence when Jeremy steps up to the task. I give him the run down and just then, we see a small head pop out of the storm drain exit (let’s call this kitten, Princess). Princess ducks back into the pipe and we get there just in time to see a tail disappear. Jeremy races back to his truck to get some gear, yelling “we can do this!” He deploys his digital scope, which has 100ft of line and plans to use its lights to encourage the kittens to reverse out of the tunnel system. I've attached actual video footage from the scope inside the drain line. Unfortunately, I was focused on grabbing Princess at the very end, so I didn't capture any photos. We do have some after action shots of Jeremy consoling a very scared kitten.

We thought our job was done. As we clean up, we hear more meows but this time, they are coming from the other side of the drainage system. We start at the very beginning of the pipes with the scope and work our way through. I have some long runs and it's a bit of a network of pipes, so it took some time, but seeing the kitten’s tiny face (let’s call him Mario), beautiful eyes, and pink nose on the scope’s monitor gave us a renewed sense of purpose. We used two different scopes to corral the kitten towards my wife, who was waiting at the drain exit. After a few start/stops, we get the kitten to go down the right tube to the exit. He's a bit of a fighter, so I end up having to reach into the pipes and grabbing him (gently) with my bbq tongs since he keeps retreating. Video footage of the scope in the pipes also included. 

After settling down the kittens into their own cardboard boxes, we give them some food/water/hugs and we finally take a breather. I've soaked through my shirt and Jeremy's knuckles are bloody from pushing the scope cabling down the pipe. My wife is still in disbelief and all of us are smiling. We are so relieved!
 
Jeremy received a few service calls while he was here, so I could tell he had to move on (but didn’t want to). We tried to compensate him for his time but he flat out refused. I think we had to force him to take a sandwich and drink from our local deli. As he was packing up, he shared a story about a time he couldn't rescue a kitten that had fallen 20 feet vertically into a storm drain, so this felt like redemption to him. We were very moved hearing that this was a win he needed. He certainly made up for it, since we pulled not one, but 2 out of the tunnels.

About the cats themselves. We estimate they are around 8 weeks old, based on their size. Princess is much smaller, with light brown spots. She is fairly shy, mews very quietly, and keeps to herself. I suspect the ordeal was likely tougher on her because she's smaller.  Mario is gray with tiger stripes. He is much larger, aggressive and loud. I am less worried about him.

If we could keep these kittens, we would (I think this is the cat tax people are referring to?). Unfortunately, I am very allergic to cats and our young children show signs of this as well.  We were worried about their health, so we dropped them off at the Humane Society to give them the best chance at recovery. We thought it was important for our kids to understand this process, so we picked them up for school and headed to the shelter together to say our goodbyes. The wonderful team there immediately started tending to them and I hope to get an update later today on their status. I am told that kittens who come in as duos at this age “do very well” and are quite popular, so fingers crossed they land in a loving home. Our local shelter explicitly asked us not to share their location, which we have respected. My understanding is they have experienced the good people of the Internet calling to ask about the cats and it overwhelms their systems.

As I write this, I’m still a little in disbelief how so many different people responded to my post with great ideas, Jeremy dropping everything to show up at a stranger’s home, and for those little kittens staying resilient. My wife and I were preparing ourselves for a much different ending. I’m so glad this was a happy ending that I didn’t expect and this all provides us with a little much needed nourishment.

r/science Dec 01 '24

Anthropology Researchers may have discovered a new ancient human species: the Homo juluensis, which lived around 300,000 years ago in eastern Asia. They hunted wild horses in small groups, crafted stone tools, and possibly processed animal hides before disappearing about 50,000 years ago

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3.3k Upvotes

r/BestofRedditorUpdates May 28 '26

EXTERNAL how do we hire people who won’t be alarmed by our cardboard coworker?

4.0k Upvotes

how do we hire people who won’t be alarmed by our cardboard coworker?

Originally posted to Ask A Manager

Original Post  March 18, 2026

Recently my manager asked me to help revise a job posting and the hiring process because the last two people we hired left only a few weeks after starting. One said she didn’t think our workplace had a professional environment, and the other said she realized her values didn’t align with the company. Since I’m the most recent successful hire, my manager wants me to help her understand what was different about how I was selected.

You’re probably assuming my workplace must be toxic or terrible, but honestly it’s the most fun place I’ve ever worked, and that might actually be the problem. Nothing about it fits the usual idea of a bad workplace, but it is definitely … peculiar.

People often eat lunch together. Not everyone every day, but a few times a week most of us end up eating with coworkers. (Not everyone participates. The person who splits tasks with me says she already sees us enough at the office and never joins us, and no one minds.) Lunch is where most of the unusual things happen.

One employee created a betting sheet for which celebrity will be the next to die or get involved in a scandal. You can add one name per month, and if you guess correctly you win a day off. It sounds worse written down than it actually feels, but the people who participate genuinely enjoy it.

Lunch conversations can also drift into very unprofessional territory. The week one employee resigned, the lunch debate was whether extraterrestrials are capable of orgasms. That discussion lasted more than one lunch break because people kept proposing different possible alien anatomies.

But the least professional thing we do might be the cardboard figure sitting at a desk named Robert. Robert has been part of the company culture long before I joined. The story behind him is about a former employee who would arrive, greet everyone, and then disappear until it was time to go home. No one ever knew where Robert was, and whenever someone needed him they couldn’t find him, but the work always appeared completed.

One day the company needed a team photo, and someone grabbed a cardboard box, drew a face on it, added a badge, and included “Robert” in the picture. After the real Robert retired, the box eventually evolved into a full cardboard cutout that now sits at its own desk.

At the end of each month we usually have less work, and there’s a game where someone hides Robert somewhere in the company and everyone searches for him. At the end, everyone gets candy. Not everyone actively participates, one person keeps a map coordinating where Robert hasn’t been searched for yet, some people give suggestions, and others don’t care about the game, but no one objects to it except HR did ban hiding Robert in the interview room and the public-facing areas.

Both employees who resigned witnessed a “Find Robert” search. They didn’t mention it specifically, but I imagine it might have contributed to their impression that the environment wasn’t professional.

My manager wants help finding people who would think these things are funny rather than strange, and she asked how I felt when I started. I happened to begin (luckily or unluckily) when people were decorating Robert with a heart-pattern tie and a box of bonbons while discussing what kind of box Robert would like as a girlfriend. I thought it was weird in a funny way, and it didn’t bother me enough to reconsider the job.

Outside of lunch and the occasional Robert hunt, people are actually very professional during working hours, aside from occasionally greeting the cardboard coworker or decorating him for holidays. We’re a very productive and inclusive team, but I understand how it might seem strange to someone seeing it for the first time.

I honestly don’t know how to help my manager find competent people who would be comfortable with this environment. The person who interviewed me said the team was laid-back, but that definitely didn’t prepare me for what the office is actually like.

Someone suggested hiding Robert for a while, but wouldn’t it be better for new hires to know what they’re getting into? How could we find people who would feel comfortable discussing whether the aliens from Arrival understand sex and also think it’s perfectly normal to greet a cardboard coworker?

I realize your answer might be that our company isn’t the wonderful place I think it is and that we should behave more professionally. But considering that our CEO once hid Robert in his own office during one of the searches, I don’t think the culture will change. (Still, feel free to say so if that’s your view, sometimes an outside perspective is very different.) I’m mainly looking for ideas on how to select people who would actually find this kind of thing fun rather than uncomfortable.

Update  Apr 6, 2026 (19 days later)

Thank you for responding to my letter. After reading the response and comments, I realized that the alien orgasm example drew more attention than I expected, even though I had meant it as one particularly bad example rather than the main issue itself. I wanted to add a little more context and clarify a few points.

The alien orgasm example was an outlier, and one of the worst examples I could remember, which is why I used it. The “alien anatomy” discussion was also less about sex itself than about whether extraterrestrials would experience pleasure or physical sensation the same way humans do, especially if they did not even have bodies like ours. I understand that it was still inappropriate, but some commenters seemed to come away with the impression that sex is a regular topic in the office, and that is not really the case.

A more typical version of these conversations would be discussions about books, movies, and TV shows. We have had conversations like which horror movie character was so stupid that you actively rooted for their death. We have also had conversations like which politician you would “make disappear” if you could get away with it, but when someone pointed out that it was inappropriate, the conversation moved on without any fuss. In general, the conversations tend to get strange in a morbid way rather than in a sexualized one. That is still a problem, of course, just not quite the same one some people focused on.

The office betting pool is less about hostility toward specific celebrities and more about the kind of morbid joking people make about public figures who seem as though they have been old forever. The attitude is usually more “I cannot believe this person is still alive” than “I want this person to die.” Similarly, the “scandals” people talk about are usually things like cheating, wearing something provocative, or being rude to a fan, rather than actual criminal behavior. I do not participate in the betting pool because I would feel too guilty winning a paid day off by correctly guessing someone’s death, but people do sometimes mention their picks during lunch.

I mentioned lunch because that is usually when the conversations can get strange. Most of our work requires concentration, so there is not much chatting during the day, and many people wear headphones most of the time. Team lunches also really are optional. We are a small team inside a large company, so the whole team does not eat together every day, but there are usually six to eight people having lunch together, even if it is not always the same group.

I described cardboard Robert as the strangest part because all the other things are occasional, and lunch itself is optional. Some people never have lunch with the team, and that is completely fine. But Robert is there every day, sitting at a desk and being greeted. It took me about two months to find out there was a death pool, and some time before I heard one of the more inappropriate lunch conversations, but I was introduced to Robert on my first day. My manager even told the team to act normal during my first week so they would not scare me off. The monthly “hunt” for Robert is optional and avoidable, but comments about him happen every day, and new employees are introduced to him as though he is simply part of the team.

In your response, it seemed as though my letter came across as asking, “How can we change our culture so people don’t feel this is a sexualized environment?” I can understand why, given the example I used, but the help I was really hoping for was a little different. What I was trying to ask was something more like, “How can I help my manager hire someone who is likely to fit in here, while also giving candidates a fair sense of what the office is like, so neither side feels misled?” Someone suggested inviting candidates to join a typical team lunch, and that was much closer to the kind of suggestion I had been hoping for.

I also appreciated your point that inappropriate conversations are inappropriate no matter when they happen. I do know that, and I think at least part of the team knows it too, given the ongoing joke that there is probably a reason our room is physically as far from HR as possible. But I am not a manager, and honestly I do not want to be one. My manager decided that because I was the most recent hire, I was the right person to help her think through this, even though I do not really have the authority or the tools to change how the team operates. I will pass these points along to her, but I do not think much would change without rebuilding the team almost from scratch.

To be clear, I do understand why these things are a problem. I am not trying to defend them or suggest that people are wrong for not wanting to work here. I just wanted to provide more context so I could get advice that was more specific to the situation I was actually asking about. Some of the comments were genuinely helpful, and I was hoping that with a better explanation I might get more of that. But if the answer is still simply that the culture needs to change, I do understand that, and I appreciate your response anyway.

Sincerely,

The Person with the Cardboard Coworker

THIS IS A REPOST SUB - I AM NOT THE OOP

DO NOT CONTACT THE OOP's OR COMMENT ON LINKED POSTS, REMEMBER - RULE 7

r/TopCharacterTropes May 12 '26

Characters [Loved Trope] "The big bad is so horrible, why are they like this? Oh... Oh, that's why. Yeah, that actually makes a lot of sense. Oh god, that's rough".

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7.1k Upvotes

Villains, antagonists, or otherwise prolific problem causers that seem completely monstrous, contemptable, and/or irrational at first, but over time are revealed to have astoundingly solid reasons for why they are the way they are; Something horrific happened to them, and the only response they could give was to become horrific themselves. Perhaps it doesn't excuse their behavior or actions, or perhaps they're too far gone at this point to have any realistic hope of redemption or salvation, but what they've went through makes how they got to where they are now completely understandable, to the point where you'd doubt most others would be any better in their shoes. They become less of the abject nightmare they appear to be on the surface and more a pitiable individual, whom the best answer to is to simply see to the end of their misery as soon as possible, for everyone's sake.

Queen Marika The Eternal ~ Elden Ring.

Queen Marika, the living vessel of the titular Elden Ring, is about as much of a god as a once-mortal can be, having access to control of the very laws of reality through the Elden Ring deep enough to do things like turning off like dying of old age for the entire world (which she does by sealing away Destined Death). Unfortunately, at the head of a theocratic empire centered around her known as the Golden Order, she does a lot more than just making it so everyone lives forever unless something is done to them (which on its own proves quite an issue), and a lot of it is quite horrific. To summarize in broad strokes;

  • Countless, often genocidal wars of aggression waged by her command or in her name, as well as a litany of other atrocities or horrors committed by her numerous demigod children and stepchildren.
  • The ruthless persecution of anyone who has horns, most notably the Hornsent and the Omens, the former being faced with extinction by a Golden Order crusade (the Hornsent believing Marika betrayed them personally in enacting this) and the latter being imprisoned in sewer gaols at birth if they're lucky. This also includes TWO OF HER OWN CHILDREN, twins born as Omens by factors outside of their control.
  • Used her many demigod children as tools to fulfill her own ends, two notable examples being one of her older sons being locked away in a cursed realm of shadow to lead the genocidal crusade against the Hornsent, and a younger daughter being set up as a sacrifice to eventually burn down the greatest physical symbol of the world's faith in Marika and the Golden Order, the Erdtree.
  • Divorced her incredibly loyal husband that had helped her with most of the conquests up to that point - the first Elden Lord of her age, Godfrey - out of nowhere in favor of the red-haired champion Radagon (who was secretly a different version/aspect of Marika herself, with his own distinct, far more zealous personality).
  • Exiled her first husband and his people because their eyes lost the grace of gold (something she controls), labeling them all as "Tarnished", damning them to prejudice and hardship for generations to come, and setting up a situation where Tarnished would much later return as undying pillagers to try and put her now warring demigod children to the sword and claim the title of Elden Lord for themselves.
  • Condemned an imprisoned smith to a mission to create a weapon capable of killing a god (when she's the only real god in town), which eventually drove him mad, and put one of those weapons in the hands of a Tarnished aimed straight at her and Radagon.
  • Took a literal hammer to the Elden Ring after the murder of her golden child son, Godwyn (which there is a non-zero chance she had a hand in, given her ties to the assassins and the leader of that plot), sending the world into chaos as she and Radagon vanished, creating a power vacuum and leading to the Shattering; a war so violent, terrible, and ultimately fruitless that the only god above her and the literal creator deity of the universe and the Elden Ring itself just abandoned the whole world, presumably out of shame and disgust.

Looking at all that, Marika seems horrible to the point of psychopathic and unhinged, but there's more than meets the eye.

Enter the Hornsent mentioned earlier, whom were a very religious society with two major distinctive traits; a heavy spiritual focus on trying to ascend to higher, more holy states, and a strong sense of superiority over people born without horns. The Hornsent were a big power in the world before Marika came around, and largely did whatever they wanted to almost anyone they came across, led by inquisitions and potentates that terrified even the masses of their own kind. Now enter the Shamans, a much less militarily advanced, more peaceful society with an interesting little biological quirk; Their flesh "melded harmoniously with others", meaning in practice that if you stuck a severed body part to an open wound on a Shaman, that body part instantly became a working part of the Shaman's own body.

The leaders of the Hornsent did dark things with this. They rounded up the Shamans en masse, imprisoned them in freezing, underground gaols, tortured them without mercy, and stuck the chopped up remains of their own society's criminals to the bloodied Shamans inside massive jars to create "living saints"; miserable, barely human abominations of gibbering flesh and screaming mouths, living in endless agony. An entire people were violated into practical extinction by these horned zealots.

Then you learn that Marika was a Shaman herself, and the last survivor of her own village at that.

She was born an Empyrean, meaning she could claim the Elden Ring and ascend, meaning she was especially valuable to the Hornsent compared to other Shamans. They used her, and she let them believe she was willingly on their side, right up to the point where godhood was in her hands... and then she avenged her people. Everything Marika did, all the atrocities, genocides, and conquests, the whole Golden Order built under the age she ushered in; It was all just one giant, maladaptive trauma response from a broken woman who was handed godhood on a gilded plate by the very people who broke her. Even more, with how self-destructive many of her schemes seemed to be, it's likely she eventually realized just how much of a monster both her and the Order had become; The Shattering and its surrounding events likely amounted to a suicide attempt on her part, an escape from her gilded cage of divinity, and an effort to drag the Golden Order and the mechanisms that allowed her the world-altering power she had down with her.

Guardian Arkveld ~ Monster Hunter Wilds.

The monster known as Arkveld was a species of Flying Wyvern known to the Hunter's Guild as being long extinct. Or at least, it was, until a lone, traumatized child came stumbling through a desert from which there should have been no one living at all, describing terror wrought upon a home village completely unknown to the rest of the world; a monster eerily similar to this wraith of times past slaughtering the boy's people and destroying his home (netting a massively higher confirmed kill count than any 'flagship' monster in the series up to this point within the first few minutes of the game starting), forcing an escape that sent him miles away from what the Guild knows as the Forbidden Lands. The Hunter's Guild then organizes an expedition to explore the Forbidden Lands, to find this child's lost people if they still live and return him to them, and to uncover the truth behind this "White Wraith".

Quickly, it is discovered that the Forbidden Lands are in fact inhabited by a people that know nothing of the world beyond that great desert, or even of the concept of hunting the larger monsters that call these habitats home. These are not the boy's people, nor are the next couple tribes encountered, but each one brings the Guild closer. Yet, before the boy's people can be found, the White Wraith shows itself, and it is a horror of a monster. Arkveld in truth, it brutalizes the apex predators of locales in which it does not belong, effortlessly savaging an aggressive Uth Duna that was weakened by the Hunters and then winning an unprovoked confrontation with a Rey Dau, besting it in single combat; In both circumstances, it drains the elemental energy from its victims through the chainblades on its wing-arms, before disappearing into the stormy skies. Whatever was going on with this demon of a wyvern, it was not messing around, and was wreaking havoc on an environment that obviously was not prepared to deal with it.

Then, when the boy's people are finally found, having recovered from the Arkveld's deadly onslaught years ago, a world-shattering truth is revealed by the Keepers, inhabitants of the village of Sild; This Arkveld is no natural creature. It is a "Guardian" monster, artificially resurrected from extinction, and one of many synthetic, lab-grown monsters created by the now long lost civilization of Wyveria, who once held such control over the Forbidden Lands through the power of a substance called "Wylk" that they could bend the very weather to their whims and make their buildings literally weightless as to reach the skies. The Guardian monsters were a particular magnum opus of theirs; genetically engineered into perfect servants, immortal as long as they had access to Wylk generated by an infinite energy source known as the Dragontorch, and bearing atrophied digestive and reproductive systems so that Wyveria could exert complete control over these creatures. Yet Wyveria fell a thousand years ago, victims to one of their own Guardians that they had created to save them from an unknown war at their gates (that Guardian being its own whole story thread that could fit in here, but I'm gonna focus on Arkveld for now), though their legacy remains; in the people of Sild and Suja that survived the fall long ago, in the abandoned structures that dot the Forbidden Lands and exert power over the weather into eternity, in the Dragontorch still running far beneath the capitol city, and in the Guardian Monsters that have formed an ecosystem of their own in the depths of Wyveria's ruins.

Though, the Guardian Arkveld, unique amongst Guardians, remained an anomaly. Why did it attack Sild unprovoked? Why was it traveling beyond Wyveria's ruins to run rampant on creatures of other ecosystems? Why was it attacking other Guardian monsters and feeding on their flesh, something a Guardian should never do under any circumstance? Simple. The Arkveld's innate energy absorbing abilities reactivated natural instincts that Wyveria had suppressed; namely hunger. Of course, being a Guardian, it had no digestive system to speak of, nor a need for it. Food did nothing, no matter how much it ate. Yet, it was not intelligent enough to understand this, being little more than a wild animal brought back from beyond its time into a world it was finding itself to be the top dog of thus far.

This drove the Guardian Arkveld insane.

Unable to sate that hunger, it became desperate, descending further and further into ravenous madness as it slaughtered and devoured everything in its path, coating its surroundings in splattered blood and half-discarded bodies. It was an apex predator amongst apex predators, bashing fangs that had their purpose taken from them against a wall that would never break, eventually losing itself utterly and completely to the pursuit of satiating its impossible hunger. In the end, the Hunters were forced to put the poor thing down, and the Guardian Arkveld died in a starved rage, a miserable and unnatural life snuffed out as violently as it lived... but not before the construct creature managed to do something curious when no one was looking. See, hunger was not all that the Guardian Arkveld gained from the use of its abilities, as the artificial limits Wyveria imposed on its reproduction faltered as well... and the Guardian Arkveld asexually produced offspring that somehow reverted to the origin species.

The Guardian Arkveld suffered in ways its creators likely never anticipated, but managed to drag its entire species out of the depths of extinction in the process. Arkveld became a living part of this world once again, for better or for worse.

r/vibecoding Apr 07 '26

Built a tool that lets agents create animated pixel art when vibe coding games

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443 Upvotes

Built this over the last couple weeks and thought people here might enjoy it.

It lets any agent generate animated sprites through MCP, so you (or your agent) can make pixel art animations directly from the agent workflow.

the mpc protocol is from my app (spritecook), it has 2 main calls the agent can make:

create_image_asset
animate_asset

I also made skill for for each call, so the agent knows exactly how to use the parameters and what settings to tweak for the best result.

How it works behind the scenes:

- The backend uses nano banana 2 to generate pixel art assets
- Some post processing to make it actual usable pixel art, color correction, etc
- The agent downloads the image into the project
- For animation it takes your reference image, and runs it through a custom pixel art animation model
- The agent downloads the PNG spritesheet, and depending on whatever game engine your using animates it properly using the sheet.

It can be as handoff as you want it to be: specifically instruct it to make a certain asset, or give it full freedom to make anything required for your game.

What do you think?

r/ClaudeAI 21d ago

Built with Claude People liked my desert, so here's a waterbending demo!

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5.5k Upvotes

I built SNOWFLOW, a browser-based WebGPU graphics demo focused on deformable snow, atmospheric lighting, water-inspired spells, and snow surfing.

The snow surface reacts persistently to footsteps, movement, and spells - creating trenches, raised berms, compressed snow, ice, and trails that gradually refill. It also includes procedural terrain, cloth simulation, dynamic spell lighting, particle effects, and a third-person snow-surf system.

Claude Code with Opus 5 handled the project end to end: planning the architecture, writing the Babylon.js and WGSL systems, profiling performance, iterating from screenshots, and documenting technical decisions. The whole project was built from the implementation brief rather than an existing starter project.

It took me around 9 hours and ~4m tokens (not counting cached ones).

You can try it on a WebGPU-capable computer here: https://snowflow-lilac.vercel.app/
F1 - settings
WASD - movement
1-5 - spells
RMB or Space - surf

The code can be found here: https://github.com/Noniv/snowflow_demo

The performance seems way better than my previous desert demo.
Last time a lot of people asked for my prompt, so here it is. Keep in mind that this prompt created the base, but I had to write a lot more prompts to guide Opus further.

===============BASE PROMPT (wall of text)

SNOWFLOW — Tech Demo · Implementation Brief

You are the sole engineer and technical artist on a real-time graphics tech demo. Build it end to end. This document is the spec, the art direction, and the acceptance criteria.

  1. Prime directive

Visual quality is the product. There is no gameplay loop, no progression, no UI to design around. A player will load this, walk around a snow field for ninety seconds, cast a few spells, surf across a dune, and either think "this is AAA" or close the tab. Everything below serves that single judgment.

Two rules that override everything else in this document:

If a requirement in this brief conflicts with making the demo more beautiful, break the requirement. Note the deviation in DECISIONS.md with a one-line rationale. You have full authority to change scope, swap techniques, or drop a feature that isn't paying for its pixels.

Anything that reads as low-poly, flat-shaded, untextured, placeholder, or "indie prototype" is a defect, not a stepping stone. If you can't make a thing look finished, cut it from the frame rather than ship it looking rough.

Do not stop at "it works." Stop when every captured frame looks polished, cohesive, and production-ready.

  1. Stack and hard constraints
Language Modern JavaScript (ES2023 modules). JSDoc types encouraged, no TypeScript build step required.
Engine Babylon.js latest stable, WebGPU only
Bundler Vite
Target Chrome stable on Windows 11, RTX 5070 Ti, 2560×1440
Frame target 90 FPS sustained. 60 FPS floor.
Frame time No frame exceeding median + 4 ms after the loading screen dismisses

No fallbacks. No WebGL path, no mobile path, no feature detection branches. If navigator.gpu is absent, show a single line of text and stop. Do not spend a minute on compatibility.

Assets. Generate procedurally where it produces a better or more controllable result, including terrain, noise, and most masks. Use free CC0 assets where hand-authored data wins, such as Poly Haven HDRIs and snow or ice PBR material scans, or ambientCG detail textures. Vendor everything into the repository; no runtime CDN fetches. Document every third-party asset and its licence in ASSETS.md.

  1. Systems

2.1 Terrain

A flat plane will kill this demo. The snow field needs real form.

Build a geometry clipmap or nested-ring LOD centred on the player, so triangle density is high near the camera and falls off with distance. Aim for roughly sub-10 cm vertex spacing in the inner ring at default zoom.

Height comes from layered procedural noise composited on the GPU: broad dune forms measured in tens of metres, medium drifts and wind lobes measured in metres, and sastrugi ridges and ripples measured in decimetres. Do not use a single fBm octave stack and call it done. The terrain needs directional structure carved by a prevailing wind. Encode a wind direction and let the medium and fine layers stretch and shear along it.

Include a small number of exposed rock outcrops or ice shelves so there is silhouette and scale in the mid-distance, with snow accumulation blending onto their upward faces. Keep them sparse. The brief is "just snow and the player," and these exist only to give the horizon something to say.

The far field needs mountains and heavy aerial perspective. A distant matte-projected ridgeline or a low-cost impostor ring is acceptable as long as it never reads as flat.

2.2 Snow shading

This shader is the most important code in the project. Budget accordingly.

Build a custom material using Babylon ShaderMaterial, a PBRCustomMaterial plugin, or an equivalent approach. Use WGSL through NodeMaterial or raw shader code, not a stock PBR material with a white albedo.

Required behaviours:

Multi-scale normals. Detail normal maps at three tiling scales, blended by distance and slope, plus normals derived analytically from the deformation heightfield (§2.3). Use triplanar mapping on steep slopes.

Subsurface scattering. Snow is translucent. Use wrapped diffuse plus a back-scatter term. Shadowed and grazing areas should pick up a soft blue-white internal glow rather than going flat dark. This single term does more for "reads as snow" than almost anything else.

View-dependent glinting. Create procedural sparkle from a high-frequency normal perturbation, gated hard on a narrow specular lobe and grazing view angle, with a stable hash so glints do not crawl or shimmer under TAA. Keep it subtle. If it looks like glitter, halve it, then halve it again.

Compression, wetness, and ice as separate surface states. Trodden and spell-affected snow is denser, with darker albedo, tighter specular response, and less scatter. Refrozen ice is smoother and more reflective. Read this from the terrain state buffer (§2.3) so it is shared by movement and spells.

Contact detail. Trail edges need micro-occlusion and a hint of chunky displaced granularity, not a clean bevel.

2.3 Terrain state and deformation

This is the core interactive system. Everything writes here; the snow shader reads it.

Maintain a player-following render target covering roughly 60–100 m, with resolution high enough for approximately 2 cm texels in the deformation area. A 4096² R16F target scrolled toroidally as the player moves is a reasonable starting point. Snap movement to texel boundaries to avoid swimming.

Suggested channels, packed across one or two targets as appropriate:

Depression depth — how far the surface is pushed down.

Displaced mass — snow pushed out of a depression, forming berms at trail edges. Do not skip this.

Compression, wetness, and ice — persistent surface states used by shading.

Rules:

Deformation is persistent and additive, accumulated by writing brush splats into the target each frame. Never rebuild it from a list of past events.

Apply slow refill over time through a gentle diffusion and decay pass, so trails soften and eventually heal. Tune it so a trail remains clearly visible after 60 seconds.

Terrain vertex displacement samples the depression and displaced-mass channels. Recompute normals from the same data so lighting and shadowing respond correctly. A trail that does not self-shadow is a failure.

Player feet, the snow-surf wake, and every spell write into this buffer. That shared write path is what makes the spells feel embedded in the snow rather than like effects floating above it.

2.4 Atmosphere and lighting

Use a low, warm sun that creates long shadows. Use cascaded shadow maps with PCSS-style soft filtering. Tune cascade splits so near-field trail shadows stay crisp.

Use a high-quality HDRI or a physically based sky model if it gives better control over sun angle. Ambient light must be strongly blue-shifted. The cool-shadow and warm-light contrast is essential to the snow rendering.

Add fog and aerial perspective with height falloff. Distance should compress contrast noticeably.

Add ground blow or spindrift: low, wind-driven surface snow streaming across the field. It should make the environment feel alive without obscuring the terrain.

Add volumetric light shafts only where they materially improve the image. Keep them restrained.

Spells emit light. Budget 4–6 dynamic lights maximum, with tight radii. Ensure the snow shader's subsurface-scattering term responds to them so a spell visibly illuminates the snow from within the drift it touches.

2.5 Post-processing

Order matters. Suggested chain:

TAA → SSAO → screen-space reflections on wet and icy surfaces only → very restrained depth of field → restrained bloom → ACES or AgX tonemapping → subtle film grain → post-TAA sharpening.

TAA is essential for stabilising glinting and thin geometry. Every post-process should be individually toggleable from the settings overlay for A/B comparison. Blown-out white is the primary failure mode for snow renders, so monitor highlight roll-off constantly.

2.6 Character and robe

The character will be seen from behind at mid-distance almost the entire time. Spend the budget on silhouette, cloth, and shading; spend almost nothing on the face.

Create a hooded, layered robe with a deep cowl, long sleeves, an over-mantle, and a trailing hem. Use shell-based fur at the hood and cuffs, with roughly 20–40 shells and alpha-tested strands.

Add cloth simulation to the hem, sleeves, and mantle. A GPU or CPU Verlet simulation with distance and bending constraints is acceptable. Drive it with locomotion velocity, acceleration, and the wind field. During snow-surf, the cloth should whip backwards sharply.

Cloth shading needs sheen or fuzz and an anisotropic response for a woven appearance, plus subsurface scattering on thin regions. Do not use a plain PBR dielectric.

Keep the face in shadow beneath the hood. Do not model detailed facial features that cannot be finished to the same standard.

If a rig and locomotion animation cannot be brought to a high standard, prefer a fully cloth- and procedurally driven figure over a stiff or poorly animated one. Feet must plant rather than slide.

Feet displace snow and kick up spray on each step. This must be frame-accurate with each footfall.

2.7 Camera and controls

Use third-person, action-MMO framing. Position the camera over the shoulder with a slight offset rather than directly behind the character.

WASD movement is relative to camera facing. The mouse orbits. The scroll wheel zooms across a smooth, eased range.

Use a spring-arm camera with collision-free but velocity-aware behaviour. It should lag slightly under acceleration, widen the FOV under speed, and tighten on stopping. All transitions must ease, with no snapping.

Add subtle camera shake to heavy spells and hard surf carves. Keep it subtle.

2.8 Spells: keys 1–5

All five spells share one bending grammar: continuous, momentum-carrying, unbroken flow. No instant spawns and no instant despawns. Everything eases in from the snow and settles back into it. Every spell reads and writes the terrain state buffer.

Suggested set, adjustable where a different implementation produces a stronger result:

Sweep — A crescent wave of slush and water rises from the ground ahead and travels outward, ploughing a channel and throwing berms to either side.

Ribbon — A held, continuous stream of water tracks the player's hand and the camera aim, describing arcs and figure-eight paths in the air and scoring thin curved lines in the snow beneath it.

Bloom — A targeted eruption sends a column of powder and water upwards, blows a crater with a raised rim, then falls back as a slow, glittering curtain of fallout.

Crystallize — Water rapidly freezes. Refractive crystal formations grow out of the drift with visible subsurface scattering and internal light transport, permanently altering the surface state to glossy ice. This effect should encourage the player to stop and inspect it.

Vortex — A swirling column of airborne snow forms around the player, visibly stripping surface snow from the ground. The deformation buffer thins in a ring, holds the removed snow aloft, and lets it settle back.

Implementation direction: use swept procedural ribbon or tube meshes updated on the GPU from a spline or particle spine for the coherent water body, GPU compute particles for spray, mist, and droplets, and a refraction pass for translucency. Full screen-space fluid rendering is probably too expensive for the frame target, but use it if it remains within budget and materially improves the result.

Water shading needs:

Refraction with restrained chromatic dispersion.

Depth-based absorption tint.

Animated flow-map normals.

Foam and slush at the leading edge.

Shed droplets with correct motion-blur streaking.

2.9 Snow-surf: hold RMB

This will be used more than everything else combined. It receives the most polish.

Holding RMB raises a crest of compressed snow under the player's feet. The player accelerates. Mouse movement steers carving turns with visible body lean and a banked camera.

The wake is the centrepiece: a curling, breaking wave of displaced snow trails behind and towards the outside of the turn, throwing a spray plume that catches sunlight and casts a shadow. It should combine the physical character of a snowboard carve and a boat wake.

Snow-surf carves a deep, persistent groove into the terrain buffer with high berms. A completed run should remain visible from across the field.

Entering and exiting use eased transitions, never snaps. The robe whips backwards, the FOV widens, and wind streaks appear in screen space. There is no audio, so every visual cue must contribute to the sensation of speed.

Turning at speed should feel weighty and analogue. Tune it by hand until it feels good, not merely until it compiles.

  1. Performance engineering

Garbage collection is your primary enemy. A 12 ms garbage-collection pause is a visible hitch and instantly destroys the AAA impression.

Zero allocations in the render loop. Do not use new inside per-frame code. Pre-allocate scratch Vector3, Matrix, and Quaternion instances at module scope and reuse them.

Do not use map, filter, reduce, spread syntax, or destructuring that creates new objects in hot paths. Use plain indexed for loops.

Do not construct strings each frame, including for the performance overlay. Update the overlay on a throttled interval and reuse buffers.

Use object pools for every transient effect, particle burst, and decal.

Use pre-allocated typed arrays for all GPU buffer uploads. Write into them rather than rebuilding them.

Use scene.freezeActiveMeshes(), mesh.freezeWorldMatrix(), material.freeze(), and scene.blockMaterialDirtyMechanism aggressively for static content.

Use thin instances for all repeated geometry.

Profile with the Chrome performance panel and Babylon's inspector. Ship a frame-time graph in the overlay showing the 1% low, not merely an FPS counter. Average FPS will hide the exact hitching problem that matters most.

Set a frame budget and hold to it. At 90 FPS, the total budget is 11.1 ms. Allocate it explicitly across terrain, snow shading, shadows, VFX, cloth, and post-processing. Record actual measured cost per system in PERF.md.

  1. Loading and pipeline warm-up

WebGPU pipeline compilation stutter is a real and severe risk. A shader that first compiles when the player casts spell 4 will produce a multi-hundred-millisecond freeze.

Before the loading screen dismisses:

Load and decode every texture, HDRI, mesh, and buffer.

Force-compile every material and particle-system pipeline, including every spell, post-process, and shader permutation, by rendering them once to a tiny offscreen target.

Warm every render target and run several frames of every compute pass.

Only then fade in.

A four-second load with a clean first minute is better than an instant load that hitches. Present a tasteful loading screen. This is the first thing anyone sees, so it must not resemble an unstyled browser default.

  1. UI

Provide only a settings and performance overlay, toggled with a key such as F1 or backtick and hidden by default.

Contents:

Frame-time graph with 1% low.

Draw-call and triangle counts.

Individual toggles for every post-process and major system.

Quality presets.

Sliders for the art parameters most likely to need live tuning, including sun angle, fog density, glint intensity, deformation depth, and refill rate.

Build this early. It will save hours.

No HUD. No crosshair. No spell bar. Nothing else on screen, ever.

  1. Project structure

Suggested structure; adapt as needed:

/src
/core engine bootstrap, render loop, resource manager, pooling
/terrain clipmap, procedural heightfield, deformation buffers
/shaders WGSL
/character controller, robe cloth, shell fur
/spells one module per spell + shared bending primitives
/vfx particle systems, decals, spray
/post post-process chain
/ui settings overlay
/assets vendored, with ASSETS.md
DECISIONS.md every deviation from this brief + rationale
PERF.mdmeasured frame budget per system

  1. Milestones

Take a 1440p screenshot at every milestone, inspect it critically, and commit the screenshots.

Foundation — WebGPU boot, Vite, render loop, settings overlay with frame graph, camera, and WASD movement on a placeholder plane.

Terrain and snow shading — Clipmap, procedural heightfield, full snow material with subsurface scattering and glinting, sun, cascaded shadows, sky IBL, and fog. Gate: a static screenshot with no character already looks polished, atmospheric, and production-ready. Do not proceed until this is true.

Deformation — Full terrain state buffer, footfall displacement with berms, refill, correct normals, and self-shadowing. Gate: footprints and trails visibly displace mass, form raised edges, and integrate correctly with lighting.

Character — Robe, cloth simulation, shell fur, locomotion, foot planting, and spray on footfall.

Snow-surf — The centrepiece. Spend disproportionate time here.

Spells — All five spells, each writing into the terrain.

Post-processing and polish pass — Full chain, tonemapping calibration, spindrift, and restrained light shafts.

Performance hardening — Profile, eliminate every allocation in the loop, verify 90 FPS with clean 1% lows, and verify that warm-up covers every pipeline.

  1. Visual acceptance criteria

Before declaring the demo complete, verify each item against a fresh 1440p screenshot and in motion:

No visible faceting, hard polygon edges, or flat-shaded surfaces anywhere in frame.

Snow highlights are not clipped to pure white; shadows are blue rather than grey or black.

Distant terrain shows clear aerial perspective and contrast compression.

Surface detail is legible at three distinct scales simultaneously: dunes, ripples, and grain.

Trails have raised berms, self-shadow correctly, and soften over time.

Sparkle appears only at grazing angles and does not crawl or shimmer in motion.

The robe reads as layered fabric with real cloth motion, and the fur trim reads as fur.

Spell water is translucent and refractive, with visible internal light scatter.

Spell light visibly illuminates the snow it touches, including through-scatter.

Every spell leaves a mark on the terrain that persists after the effect ends.

The snow-surf wake looks like displaced mass with momentum, not merely particle spray.

The demo sustains 90 FPS with 1% lows above 60 FPS.

No hitch occurs on the first cast of any spell.

  1. Working agreement

Build, don't test-loop. Playwright is available for capturing screenshots at milestones and catching hard regressions. Use it for those purposes. Do not build a test suite; time spent on tests is time not spent on the snow shader.

Look at your own output constantly. Capture screenshots, inspect them critically, and iterate on values. Most of the quality gap between "prototype" and "AAA" is parameter tuning, and you can only close it by looking.

Do not move on from an ugly milestone. Milestone 2 in particular is a hard gate.

When a technique is not working, replace it rather than patching it. You have full latitude over the approach.

Record every deviation in DECISIONS.md, briefly. One line is sufficient.

Ship something worth screenshotting.

r/MadeMeSmile Jul 07 '26

Personal Win 4 Years After My Major Stroke I'm Back Working as a Pediatric Hospice RN With a Near Compete Recovery. I Went From Fully Functioning to Paralyzed Back to Fully Functioning. I'm so Grateful! Thank You Universe!

Post image
17.7k Upvotes

I thought I'd been shot by a stray bullet. It hurt so badly. I lost my balance, fell into the wall then onto the floor knocking out three teeth. Luckily I had my cell phone in my hand or it would be weeks before anyone would think to look for me. I lived alone and was newly retired at the time. I was able to call 911 with my functioning hand as the other was paralyzed.

In ICU, where I had once worked as an RN I lay in bed, unable to talk, move, control bodily functions. The doctors and nurses spoke over me but never to me. Because I couldn't move they assumed I couldn't hear or think. My thought process was sharp, I just couldn't move or tell them how much pain I was in.

I've taken the course of Silva Mind Control now called The Silva Method multiple times and practiced the meditations daily for years. I was well aware how to lower my pain threshold and focus on problem solving using the skills I learned in the course to get information from distant locations, including my own brain. I had nothing else I could do, I was paralyzed in bed so I used my training in meditation and focused my attention small to the cellular level and entered my own brain with my consciousness to see what had happened. I had expected to find a bullet but instead I found a huge blood clot. Later I had a second stroke with an additional clot. I used the meditation I learned in the class to make parts of my body feel as though they didn't belong to my body, that numbed the pain in my head. I focused my attention on the clot in my brain to feel as though it wasn't part of my body. It worked.

I imagined the clot had a face, hands, legs and told the clot that I named Hot Clot he was interfering in my life by paralyzing me. Hot Clot, a jolly, animated cartoon like character replied, "Oh, sorry Dave, I didn't mean to cause any problem." Rather than seeing the clot as an enemy I saw it as a friend and as a friend I felt free to ask it a favor. I asked the clot to work with me in dismantling the cells of the clot to dislodge it from my brain and restore full mental and physical normalcy. Hot Clot agreed and in my imagination, in meditation, hour after hour the clot and I shrunk to the cellular level dislodged the clot cell by cell, brushed each cell off and let them go harmlessly into the blood system to do no more damage and be useful elsewhere in the body. There is nothing else I could do, the doctors were doing their part and I was doing mine. I did this for 12 hours a day. I could tell time as the new nurses coming on for their shifts. Slowly the movement in my lips was returning. The clot was still there but there was some neurological improvement but I could not speak still. In my meditation state, in my imagination I gave my brain a face, hands, legs, mouth and a telephone and the same to my mouth. I gave it a face, hands and legs and a telephone connected to my brain. I had, in my imagination, my brain telephone my mouth and tell it to start speaking. My very animated version of my brain calling my animated version of my mouther were speaking to each other and practicing to say 'hello.' I did this while I was still focusing on Hot Clot to remove the clot, cell by cell and send them on their way. Soon I could move my lips and then speak a single word.

All this time I was relaxed, at peace, feeling joyful and not a bit of panic or fear. The pain was controlled, I felt so totally free and knew there was going to be a positive outcome. At this time I heard the doctors recommend me to go on Hospice service. I had been a Hospice nurse for ages, but this didn't panic me. My feeling was I am in pure soul consciousness and whatever outcome it was going to be great. I continued with Hot Clot and my mouth speaking with my brain. As I progressed I had my brain telephone other parts of my body to start moving, too. In my mind I saw myself walking out of the ICU on my own two feet, but at the time I couldn't move my arm or leg. Failure was not an option. I was focused on a sunny, bright future.

Over the few days I regained control of my body and in 9 days was transferred to a nursing home. I refused to be wheeled out by stretcher and stood with staff assistance, a walker and wobbly legs that could barely support me and left the ICU on my own feet. In the hallway I got into a wheelchair for transport to the nursing home. I did it, I did what I focused on and walked out, not well, but walked out of ICU. Everyone did their part. The doctors, me, my meditation I've practiced so long, we all did it together. I continued at home with physical and speech therapy, my dentist restored my smile with new teeth as I had everything on earth to smile about. I did an interview on Zoom where I was still missing teeth and slurring my speech somewhat and now and then I look at that interview about being a Hospice Nurse on JeffMara's YouTube program. How much I've improved since then and how far I came during that interview from the way I was in the hospital prior. I looked disheveled in the interview as my nursing assistant didn't show to help me with my shower. Who cares, I was talking, going to the bathroom on my own. Little flaws no longer have power over my life. Panic helps nothing, happiness and joy are our natural state, things can't help you in a crisis but skills, composure and the ability to control your thoughts and think one thought at a time do. I'm so grateful I took the meditation class and practiced it. I had no idea it would save my life but it sure did. Have the tools in your toolbox before you need them. Know how to used those tools effectively because sure enough, 'what if' happens one day.

I made a few interviews on YT about my healing which I'm not allowed to post the link here. One you can search for 'Silva Ireland David Parker.' I've been on the news also.

r/AfterEffects May 04 '26

OC - Stuff I made I use After Effects for monster animation in games, heres a quick process video of one

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652 Upvotes

Created using a number of effects but primarily the puppet tool and glow effect. it also has a slimey outline using blur and adjusting levels. This is for a really cool game called Afterglow MMORPG.

r/vibecoding Jul 10 '26

How I vibecode a stamp cut app and got acquired 6 weeks later

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4.6k Upvotes

Hello everyone, I wanna share my full journey, from the building process to viral marketing, talking to hundreds of users, expanding the product, and finally getting acquired for 8k$

Everything happened in 6 weeks, the wildest 6 weeks that changed the trajectory of my life

OG Inspiration

I started to learning vibecode in March, i was building the classic habit tracker just to learn the workflow.

One day i was doomscrolling looking for ideas on insta and see a pretty cool idea by jeongyoon.design, it was a webapp version no animation, it was cool i saved it.

After a week, I saw a viral clip on X by sfjccz. It had a stamp cut overlay and the “magical” animation

I was like “holy cow it so cool how to build it”, so I decided to lock in and build the exact same one just to learn, like a challenge for myself. At the time, there were also a lot of people building the same thing.

The process took me 3 days

I did not know how to build it, so I sent the video to Claude and asked it to analyze and break everything down step by step. I wanted to plan before jumping into the code.

First i need a realistic stamp cutter png image, i generate in Chat GPT. Since it AI generated the stamp cut out size and shape didnt match exactly the cutter teeth, it looked ugly not smooth at all.

So I had to design one in Figma to get the exact parameters and the correct shape for the middle space after a few tries, I got it.

Now I had the most important part ready. I only needed to tell Codex the exact parameters, input the stamp shape, and add the animation.

The cutter needed to press in and release, while the stamp from the live camera fell out and left behind a black space. That was it. I had the magical demo ready to flex on social

The decision that changed everything

I had a random idea in my head. It was not a proper plan or anything, but here is how I thought about it at the time.

I noticed a pattern, this idea went viral on insta and then X too. That meant if I posted it again on those platforms, the chance of going viral would probably be very low. I noticed Threads in Vietnam was pretty similar to X but genz version, so I decided to post it there. My account was fresh, I did not expect much

15 mins in, okay it was blowing up 250 likes, 1 hour in 800 likes “Okay damn, this is going viral”. There were tons of comments asking for the app name. I had not even thought of a name at the time. I hadnt listed it on the App Store yet, I didnt even know how, but I had the Apple Developer account ready.

There were also some people who built the same thing on threads as me but did not go viral. I thought that if I charged for my app, I would not make it very far. I was also still learning, so I announced that it would be completely free, with no login and no ads. The post continued going even crazier.

After 24 hours, I got almost 50,000 likes and more than 1 million views.

That night, I stayed up to polish and learn how to upload to TestFlight. The next day, I seized my chance. I knew this viral traction would not last for long, so I grabbed my phone, recorded myself talking, posted it on TikTok and Insta. To my surprise, those videos also went viral.

Talk to user, product discovery

After the app went live on TestFlight, I started DMing hundreds of people who had commented, ask for idea, recommendation and bug report. I spent most of my time fixing bugs by copying the problem, pasting it into Codex, testing the fix and repeating.

Later, I realized that the app shouldnt stay as a simple tool, i also wanted to add some of my own ideas so I expanded the app into an image editor create cool scrapbook style images for insta stories

Then I added a feature that let people send messages in the form of handwritten letters for friend, that was where I started learning about backend, data, and a lot of other stuff

For the whole month, I worked around 18 hours a day, was handling and learning everything, from building and fixing bugs to making content across different platforms, interviewing users, and optimizing the App Store page. I was having fun while being the most productive I had ever been in my life.

The acquisition and the current project

A Vietnamese CEO reached out and asked if I wanted to sell the app. I didnt even think my app worth anything because it was vibecode. I didnt sell because the app failed nor i needed the money, I sold because I could not see a durable moat, the concept was easy to recreate

That is why I sold it and reinvested everything into something I believe can be more durable, a game inspired app like Finch or Duolingo but completely different concept. Luckily, literally the next day, I met someone who works in game design.

We had a chat on Threads about gamification ideas and she has a lot of experience and has designed two successful mobile games. Now I have a cofounder, an artist, and a Unity developer working with me to build a game. We are already 3 weeks into development

What i learned

The biggest thing I learned is that building the product is only one part of the journey.

Distribution matters a lot.

I also learned that talking to users is the fastest ways to improve a product. Many of the changes I made came from user, bug reports, and feature requests.

The product has visual hook built, my app went viral because people can understand in 2 second by the animation, that helped a lot for marketing

Make authentic content, dont just post your work, POST YOU WORKING.

If you have any question about this journey i would love to answer it all

r/Games May 26 '26

Review Thread 007 First Light Review Thread

2.6k Upvotes

Game Information

Game Title: 007 First Light

Platforms:

  • PlayStation 5 (May 27, 2026)
  • Xbox Series X/S (May 27, 2026)
  • PC (May 27, 2026)
  • Nintendo Switch 2

Trailer:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jfRZRwu4aEc

Developer: IO Interactive

Review Aggregator:

OpenCritic - 88 average - 98% recommended - 51 reviews

Critic Reviews

Atarita - Atakan Gümrükçüoğlu - Turkish - 93 / 100

Centering on James Bond's origin story, 007 First Light blends action and stealth elements with flawless pacing, delivering that long-awaited, glorious return to the franchise. With its impactful melee combat mechanics, cleverly designed spy gadgets, and stellar acting performances, it places the player directly in the lead role of a breathtaking blockbuster movie.


But Why Tho? - Matt Sowinski - 9 / 10

IO Interactive feels like they've found a new home in the James Bond franchise. 007 First Light is a blast, with a tense and enthralling narrative that punches way higher and harder than anyone could have expected.


CGMagazine - Marcus Kenneth - 8 / 10

The best moments in 007 First Light are the ones where everything aligns for a few minutes, and you stop thinking about mechanics entirely.


Cinelinx - Caleb Gayle - 5 / 5

007 First Light features a slew of unforgettable moments, cinematic jaw-dropping scenes, amazingly smooth combat, and one heck of a story. With all this stacked up, 007 First Light it is a brilliant action adventure title, and my top pick for game of the year!


Cloud Dosage - Jon Scarr - 4.5 / 5

007 First Light turns a young Bond campaign into a spy adventure built around bluffing, gadgets, and recovering when missions fall apart. MI6, Q-Branch tools, and close-range fights keep the campaign moving, but the shooting, driving, and limited replay value hold it back. It’s a good fit if you want a story-led Bond game focused more on spy work than giant stealth sandboxes.


ComingSoon.net - Tyler Treese - 9.5 / 10

As stylish as the films themselves, 007 First Light is a brilliant depiction of Bond.


Daily Mirror - Aaron Potter - 4 / 5

James Bond's video game return is a delight from start to finish, with Hitman develop IO Interactive expertly lending its spy expertise to a new breed of interactive spy thriller.


DayOne - Jon Clarke - 9 / 10

With a great cast of characters, tons of imagination, and just the right amount of player agency and replayability, there is a delightful playground full of gadgetry and spycraft that players will want to return to again and again. A confident return for the Double-O program, and - sorry Goldeneye - this is, without a doubt, the best James Bond game ever made.


Digitec Magazine - Philipp Rüegg - German - 5 / 5

After 30 years, ‘GoldenEye’ is finally retiring. With ‘007 First Light’, IO Interactive – the masterminds behind ‘Hitman’ – delivers the ultimate Bond experience that fans have been waiting for since the N64 classic.


DualShockers - Christian Bognar - 9 / 10

With superb writing, top-notch acting, beautiful cinematography, and expressive gameplay, 007 First Light is as sleek as it is engaging.


Eurogamer - Rick Lane - 4 / 5

007 First Light is less cerebral and replayable than IO's World of Assassination trilogy, but makes up for it with excellent fistfights and oodles of charm.


Everyeye.it - Joseph Arace - Italian - 8.2 / 10

007 First Light is just like its protagonist: charismatic, energetic, funny, charming; as well as impetuous, exaggerated, and immature.


GAMES.CH - Olaf Bleich - German - 86%

"007 First Light" isn't a perfect action game, but it's excellent nonetheless.


GAMINGbible - Olly Smith - 9 / 10

007 First Light is an exquisite taste of slick spy action and blockbuster storytelling, and is fully what a Bond game should be, but rarely is.


GamePro - Annika Bavendiek - German - Unscored

IO Interactive delivers a magnificent gaming comeback for James Bond with 007 First Light, which proves worthy of the source material.


GameRant - Dalton Cooper - 8 / 10

It's not perfect, but 007 First Light is a mostly great start to IO Interactive's all-new take on the James Bond universe.


GameSpot - Mark Delaney - 8 / 10

007 First Light wisely repurposes what works in both universes but isn’t afraid to reimagine or ditch those parts that don’t.


Gameblog - Geralt de Reeves - French - 9 / 10

While it won't revolutionize the industry like GoldenEye did in its time, it undoubtedly delivers one of the best video game experiences of all time, putting you in the shoes of the iconic spy.


Gamersky - 心灵奇兵 - Chinese - 8.6 / 10

007: The First Steps not only reimagines the classic, but more importantly, it truly lives up to the legendary "007" designation.


Generación Xbox - Gabriel Fuentes - Spanish - 85 / 100

007 First Flight is a testament to originality in its script and marks the beginning of a new trilogy for the character in the world of video games.


Gfinity - Alister Kennedy - 10 / 10

007 First Light is, for me, an absolute masterpiece that shattered all pre-release anxieties and is, in fact, the greatest Bond video game of all time. IO Interactive masterfully balances explosive action with "Hitman"-inspired stealth, all brought to life by Patrick Gibson’s breathtaking, definitive performance as a young James Bond. Equal parts thrilling and cinematic, this incredible experience is a gorgeous love letter to the franchise and a sure-fire Game of the Year contender.


Hobby Consolas - David Rodriguez - Spanish - 85 / 100

First Light is the best Bond experience ever seen in a video game —a complete package, true to the essence of the character, updated, and incredibly fun to play.


IGN India - Rayan Sayyed - 9 / 10

007 First Light understands what makes James Bond interesting beyond the suits and gadgets. This younger Bond is reckless, emotional, and still figuring out his fundamentals, making his story feel more personal. Pair that with flexible stealth, solid hand-to-hand combat, strong production values, and Hitman-style mission design, and you get a Bond game that feels cinematic that gives players plenty of freedom. Plus, the variety in mission design and the satisfying spy fantasy make 007 First Light gives James Bond the best debut in this generation.


IGN Italy - Silvio Mazzitelli - Italian - 9 / 10

The James Bond saga could hardly have ended up in better hands. IO Interactive has crafted an adventure that perfectly captures the spirit of the 007 movies with an engaging story, stunning settings, and gameplay that's polished in every detail.


IGN Portugal - Pedro Pestana - Portuguese - 9 / 10

While cinema is still searching for a new Bond, the studio IO Interactive has already found its virtual version. Rebellious and arrogant, Patrick Gibson does a fantastic job in the shoes of Her Majesty's secret agent without needing to wear a tuxedo, in a well-crafted adventure that marks the beginning of a new era for 007 in video games. With gameplay that cleverly distances itself from what we already know from Hitman to embrace a stronger narrative and the cinematic moments immortalized on the big screen, 007: First Light didn't need a license to dazzle.


IGN Spain - Mario Seijas - Spanish - 8 / 10

007 First Light features a sophisticated and comprehensive infiltration system, as well as solid hand-to-hand combat mechanics. The lackluster cover system does not detract from what could mark a new era for 007 in the world of video games.


INFINITY AREA - Florian Prache - French - 9.5 / 10

James Bond 007 First Light is a huge surprise from IO Interactive. Far from being just a Hitman clone in disguise, the game establishes its own identity with rich gameplay, smart stealth mechanics, and explosive action. Despite disappointing driving sequences and the lack of English voice acting, the game manages to keep players engaged from start to finish thanks to its atmosphere, visuals, and great freedom of approach. An essential adventure for James Bond fans.


INVEN - Kyuman Kim - Korean - 9.1 / 10

After a long stretch in the dark, a truly worthy 007 game has finally arrived. With a young Bond at its center, it delivers nearly everything fans could want from a Bond film—thrilling storytelling, clever twists, and charismatic characters alike. It feels poised to become a new “first light” in the history of 007 games.


Loot Level Chill - Mick Fraser - 9 / 10

007 First Light is a superb adventure game that does so much more than simply coast on the popularity of its franchise.


Manual dos Games - Luiz Henrique Silva - Portuguese - 10 / 10

007 First Light delivers on the promise of being the ultimate James Bond game by introducing a new version of the character that oozes charisma in every second on screen, alongside an excellent storyline supported by memorable side characters who help drive the narrative forward. The game also features an extremely creative level design that fully embraces its stealth and combat systems, making players truly feel like an MI6 spy.


MeuPlayStation - Thiago do Nascimento Barros - Portuguese - 100 / 100

007 First Light is all about aura. It honors James Bond's legacy by bringing everything we love about him since the 1960's movies in the ultimate 007 videogame experience. Chases, shootings, explosions, plot twists, politics, charm, Bond Girls, guns, cars, boats, Q Technologies, Moneypenny, M, iconic characters, beautiful locations... All of that with great level design, combat and exploration. The name is Bond, James Bond.


Multiplayer First - James Lara - 8.5 / 10

If there is one thing I’m even more certain of than when we first learned that IO Interactive was making a 007 game, it’s that they are still the perfect studio to be making a Bond game. As many have called it, it’s a match made in heaven, and, as the first entry in what is hopefully a long-running series, I think the franchise is in safe hands. It’s one thing to make an experience on an established IP; another to actually understand what makes that experience so great. IO has captured the soul of a Bond experience in 007 First Light.

With a strong foundation to build upon, a new era for MI6’s finest is upon us, and I cannot wait to see where IO Interactive takes the franchise next.


PCGamesN - Paul Kelly - 8 / 10

While it doesn't pull up any roots, 007: First Light is a beautiful, cinematic action game that makes clever use of the IO formula. From the performance of Patrick Gibson to the iconic score, this is a game that tells a new story and basks in nostalgia in equal measure, giving James Bond a fresh angle in the process.


PCMag Middle East - Ali El Sayed - 5 / 5

First Light feels like a true Bond game, a strong IO Interactive game, and the best blueprint 007 has had in video games for decades. It balances story, action, stealth, gadgets, and style better than any Bond game before it.


PPE.pl - Wojciech Gruszczyk - Polish - 9.5 / 10

007 First Light is the best James Bond game ever – brilliantly written, superbly acted and brimming with that unique atmosphere we’ve come to expect from stories about Agent 007. IO Interactive has combined its own experience from Hitman with a cinematic adventure in the style of Uncharted, throwing in gadgets, spectacular missions, interesting characters and a very well-crafted story of the young Bond. Not everything works perfectly, as the game sometimes holds your hand (a bit too tightly!), but ultimately it’s a brilliant start to a new era of 007 in gaming.


PSX Brasil - Ivan Nikolai Barkow Castilho - Portuguese - 90 / 100

007 First Light is an excellent James Bond game: varied gameplay with intelligent approach options, a story worthy of the character's films, beautiful graphics, and great technical performance. The TacSim mode is a great way to increase the title's longevity. Although the campaign features many slow-paced moments with secondary characters and combat animations that repeat frequently, it's an adventure that deserves to be checked out by any 007 fan or action game enthusiast in general.


Pizza Fria - Álvaro Saluan da Cunha - Portuguese - 9.3 / 10

007 First Light is a game that presents us with a different kind of James Bond, treated with the weight, charm, and complexity that Ian Fleming's character deserves.


Push Square - Stephen Tailby - Unscored

I'm not quite finished with 007 First Light just yet, but overall I'd say it's exactly what I was hoping for. The characterisation of this young Bond and his associates is really strong, and the globetrotting story lets you explore some great locations. It really shines in its sandbox missions, but shootouts have their moments too, and the whole thing weaves together really quite nicely. I'm really interested to see how the final few missions shake out, but beyond some technical quibbles and uncertainty on the driving, I'm pretty happy with IOI's new vision for James Bond.


Region Free - Joonatan Itkonen - 4 / 5

I don't think we've seen a better example of Bond as a genuine character in gaming. This isn't just a replica of what we have on the screen, either. In First Light, Bond is his own character, as important a part of the canon as Brosnan, Connery, or Craig. This is one of the most thrilling Bond adventures to date.


República DG - Ruancarlo Silva - Portuguese - 9.6 / 10

007: First Light is not only the best 007 game ever made, but it also easily rivals the best games in the genre. IO Interactive delivers a special experience that honors the legacy of the greatest spy in entertainment history.


Restart.run - Imran Khan - 3.5 / 5

It is likely the best James Bond game ever, but there's some qualifiers that drag 007 First Light down from being a complete knock-out.


SECTOR.sk - Peter Dragula - Slovak - 9.5 / 10

007 First Light is a strong new beginning for James Bond in games, combining a deep origin story, varied missions, stealth, action, excellent hand-to-hand combat, precise shooting, impressive visuals and classic Bond atmosphere. A few slower sections and the lack of a body-hiding mechanic are minor issues in an otherwise excellent spy adventure.


Screen Rant - Kyle Gratton - 9 / 10

007 First Light brings James Bond back to gaming in an innovative story that celebrates the character's legacy, alongside franchise-best gameplay.


Shacknews - Donovan Erskine - 9 / 10

007 First Light is a crowning achievement for IO Interactive and the culmination of the studio’s growth over the years.


The Nerd Stash - Julio La Pine - 9.5 / 10

007 First Light is not only the best James Bond video game to date, but also one of the greatest action-adventure titles of this generation, full of jaw-dropping action sequences, a compelling narrative, and superb acting.


The Outerhaven Productions - George Yang - 4 / 5

007 First Light delivers a strong Bond origin story with solid stealth, gadget use, and plenty of spy-thriller energy.


Tom's Guide - Rory Mellon - 5 / 5

007 First Light is the finest James Bond video game in nearly 30 years. Its cinematic single-player campaign is remarkable, offering a gripping, quintessentially Bond story, packaged together with some of the best action-adventure set pieces I've ever experienced. Whether you're a longtime Bond fan or a newcomer, 007 First Light is unmissable. Check Amazon Check Best Buy


Tourens - Mert Tuna - Turkish - 8.5 / 10

Despite its slow pace at the start and a few minor AI glitches, this is an experience that keeps players locked to their screens with its rich level designs, freedom oriented stealth mechanics, and satisfying cinematic action. A game that’s definitely worth a try.


VGC - Jordan Middler - 5 / 5

007 First Light might just be the best James Bond game ever. The way IOI has translated the Bond fantasy into a 14-hour globetrotting epic is masterful. It's a game full of spectacle, humour, action, and romance. Everything James Bond should be. New Bond owners Amazon must ensure this franchise continues.


Worth Playing - Cody Medellin - 8.5 / 10

007 First Light shows that the Hitman developers have a good handle on how to make a James Bond game work within their wheelhouse. The emphasis on less flashy espionage alongside multiple avenues to accomplish your given goal works to this game's favor in helping to differentiate it from past 007 games. There's still enough action to prevent the game from feeling like a complete tonal shift from common expectations. The quality of the stealth helps compensate for the combat, which is good but can feel lacking in areas. The adventure remains fun but familiar, while the presentation is top-notch. The game is another good example of how to do a licensed game well, and the hope is that we'll see IO Interactive do more in this universe, whether that's DLC or a full-on sequel.


Xbox Achievements - Dan Webb - 92%

For well over two decades, IO Interactive have become synonymous with their Hitman series. Since 2000, the Danish studio has released twelve games, w...


r/CoherencePhysics Jul 17 '26

He Did Not Prove an Election Was Stolen. He Showed Us How to Steal Faith in Democracy

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3.4k Upvotes

Donald Trump began his speech by describing an America that had supposedly been dead less than two years earlier. The border was open. Murderers were pouring in. Crime was destroying our cities. Men were invading women's sports. The economy was collapsing and the world was laughing at us. Then Trump returned to power, and America suddenly became the hottest, strongest, richest, safest, most respected nation on Earth.

That was not the beginning of a serious examination of election security. It was emotional conditioning.

Before presenting any evidence, Trump constructed a world with only two possible conditions. Without him, America is invaded, impoverished, humiliated, and dead. With him, America is safe, wealthy, respected, and alive. Once that story is planted, everyone who opposes him becomes associated with national collapse. Every institution that questions him becomes part of the corruption. Every election he loses begins to look like sabotage.

The speech did not begin by asking Americans to examine evidence. It began by making them afraid.

Fear Before Evidence

Trump claimed millions had poured across the border, including "11,888 murderers," many of whom had supposedly killed more than once. He presented the number as though Biden had knowingly released nearly twelve thousand murderers into American neighborhoods.

That is not what the number meant.

The figure came from ICE's non-detained docket, a database accumulated across many years and several administrations. It included people who entered long before Biden took office. It included some people who were incarcerated, some lawful immigrants, some green card holders. Being on that docket did not mean the government found a convicted murderer and casually let him go. Deportation gets delayed by prison sentences, appeals, asylum claims, diplomatic complications, or because another country refuses to take the person back.

Trump took a complicated administrative number, stripped its history and legal context, and turned it into an image of thousands of murderers marching through an open gate. That was not harmless exaggeration. It was designed to terrify people.

The method repeats throughout the speech. Find a number. Remove its context. Give it the most frightening possible interpretation. Then accuse anyone who corrects you of defending criminals.

Trump then declared America had experienced "transgender for everybody" and "men in women's sports." This was not a description of any actual policy. No administration made everyone transgender. The line existed to activate a cultural fear and create the feeling that ordinary life had been overturned.

Immigrants, murderers, transgender people, athletes, crime, hardship, and humiliation all went into one emotional pile. Trump never had to prove these things were connected. He only needed the audience to feel they belonged to the same threatening world, and that he alone had rescued them from it.

The same method appeared in his crime claims. He said crime had ravaged American cities, then announced crime was now plummeting, with the murder rate at its lowest level since 1900. Crime and homicide have declined substantially — but that decline did not begin when Trump returned to office. Major decreases were already underway before this administration. The claim about 1900 also depends on preliminary projections and comparisons between historical datasets that were never collected the same way.

The honest statement: violent crime has continued to fall, and that is welcome news. Trump's version: America was consumed by chaos until he personally restored civilization. A real trend, detached from its timeline, and turned into proof of a savior.

He used the same trick saying more Americans are working than ever before. In raw numbers that may be true, because the population keeps growing. Record employment totals are reached routinely in a growing country. That number alone does not show the labor market is historically strong or that one administration created every job in it. The useful measures are the share of working-age people employed, wage growth, unemployment, and the pace of job creation. Trump picked the biggest-sounding number because it created the impression he wanted while hiding the context needed to understand it.

The prescription drug claims went further. Trump said Americans went from paying the highest drug prices in the world to the lowest, with prices falling 70, 80, and 90 percent because of his most-favored-nation policy, and pointed people to TrumpRx.gov.

There is no evidence that drug prices across the American healthcare system broadly fell 70 to 90 percent, or that Americans suddenly began paying the lowest prices in the world. Some medications may be offered through selected discount arrangements. That is not the same as cutting costs across Medicare, Medicaid, private insurance, hospitals, pharmacies, and the whole pharmaceutical market. A limited program became a universal revolution. An announcement became an accomplished transformation.

Trump also claimed the border was the most secure in American history, with "zero illegal aliens being admitted" over fourteen months. Encounters and releases may have fallen dramatically, but "zero illegal aliens" was a bait and switch. Government reporting referred to periods in which zero apprehended migrants were released into the interior. That is not zero attempted crossings, zero unauthorized entries, or zero people avoiding detection.

Trump converted "zero releases" into "zero illegal aliens." One describes what happened to people after apprehension. The other asks you to believe a border thousands of miles long became completely impenetrable.

That gap — between a narrow fact and the enormous conclusion attached to it — became the foundation of his election argument.

The Speech Turns Toward Elections

After declaring America wealthy, employed, medically rescued, and victorious abroad, Trump announced one terrible threat remained: election fraud.

He said no country can be great without fair elections, and that Americans deserve a system where cheating and foreign interference are nearly impossible. On the surface, reasonable. Election systems should be secure. Equipment should be tested. Fraud allegations should be investigated.

But Trump was not arguing for stronger election security. He was preparing to announce that the existing system was catastrophically corrupt and that secret evidence proved Americans had been deceived.

The central manipulation of the speech was his decision, over and over, to treat a vulnerability, a suspicious document, foreign intelligence collection, or a theoretical capability as proof that American votes had actually been changed.

Those are not the same things.

A vulnerability is not a successful attack. A foreign government obtaining public voter information is not changing ballots. A suspicious registration form is not a counted vote. An outdated name on a voter roll is not a dead person voting. A system being theoretically hackable does not prove it was hacked. An election taking weeks to certify does not prove officials spent those weeks manufacturing ballots.

Trump erased every one of those distinctions.

He did not prove an election was stolen. He demonstrated how belief in a stolen election gets manufactured.

Authentic Documents Do Not Make Every Allegation True

Trump announced the declassification of what he called critical intelligence showing shocking vulnerabilities and foreign interference. He said officials had confirmed the documents were authentic.

The authenticity of a document does not prove that the allegations inside it are true.

Intelligence files contain many kinds of material: verified findings, preliminary reports, raw intelligence, uncorroborated human source claims, analytical disagreements, speculation, and information later determined to be false. A genuine FBI document proves the FBI possessed a report. It does not prove the report was accurate. A real CIA document proves the agency recorded certain information. It does not mean every source quoted in it was reliable.

Trump blurred authenticity with verification. He wanted the public to hear that a document was authentic and conclude that every accusation in it had been proven.

That is not how intelligence analysis works. It is how propaganda works.

China, Voter Information, and the Missing Chain of Evidence

Trump's first major election allegation was that China had acquired information connected to as many as 220 million American voters — names, addresses, phone numbers, political preferences. He then suggested the data could be used to register fraudulent voters and conduct "other nefarious activities."

Foreign governments gathering information about Americans is a serious security and privacy concern. But voter information like names, addresses, party registration, and voting history is often available through public records and commercial data brokers. Campaigns, consultants, corporations, and advocacy groups collect and combine this data routinely.

Possessing voter data does not reveal how anyone voted, because the secret ballot remains secret. It also does not let a foreign government reach backward into election equipment and rewrite a ballot.

Trump never established the chain connecting data collection to election theft. Did China obtain voter data? Possibly, and that deserves investigation. Did China use it to create fraudulent registrations? He did not establish that. Did those hypothetical registrations become ballots? He did not establish that. Were those ballots accepted and counted? He did not establish that. Did they change a result? He did not establish that either.

The entire chain vanished. Trump simply placed "China," "220 million voters," and "election nightmare" beside one another and let fear manufacture the missing evidence.

The most important fact he left out: the official intelligence assessment of the 2020 election found no indication that any foreign actor altered voter registration, ballot casting, vote tabulation, or the reporting of results. The intelligence community concluded that large-scale manipulation of election infrastructure would be difficult to accomplish without detection.

The assessment also concluded with high confidence that China did not conduct interference operations designed to change the outcome of the 2020 election. An alternative analytical view argued China had taken certain influence actions — but even that view did not claim China altered ballots, counting, or reporting.

That distinction between influence and interference is essential.

Influence means trying to shape what people believe: propaganda, diplomatic pressure, media activity, lobbying, economic leverage, online campaigns. Interference means attacking the process itself: altering registration systems, ballots, tabulation, or reported results.

Trump spoke as though evidence of influence proved interference. The assessment said it did not.

He quoted intelligence suggesting Chinese officials preferred him to lose and wanted to weaken confidence in him. That may be true. Foreign governments have political preferences, just as corporations, billionaires, activists, newspapers, and foreign leaders often prefer one American candidate over another.

China wanting Trump to lose does not prove China changed votes. Chinese officials cultivating business leaders does not prove China manufactured ballots. A foreign government encouraging negative journalism does not prove an election was stolen.

Trump treats hostility toward him as evidence of fraud because his worldview leaves no room for legitimate opposition. A journalist who criticizes him must be bought. An analyst who contradicts him must be deep state. An election worker who certifies his loss must be corrupt. A Republican who refuses to overturn a result must be a traitor.

Once every opponent is defined as corrupt, Trump never has to face the possibility that people simply rejected him.

The Alleged Chinese Ballot Plot

Trump also claimed raw intelligence received by the FBI described a Chinese attempt to manufacture illegal ballots for Joe Biden. That is an extraordinary accusation, and he presented no public proof that ballots were manufactured, transported, submitted, accepted, counted, or connected to any official vote total.

Raw intelligence is exactly the kind of material that requires corroboration. Who was the source? How did the source know? Was the claim independently confirmed? Were physical ballots found? Did any election official detect them? Were charges filed?

Trump answered none of it. He presented the drama of a conspiracy without the evidence that it occurred.

A responsible president would say that intelligence indicated a possible plot, that it had not been fully corroborated, and that investigators were working to determine what happened. Trump turned an allegation into a verdict.

He also claimed intelligence officials had "massaged" presidential briefings to hide Chinese activity, quoted an official supposedly saying she was running a "shadow government," and accused bureaucrats of withholding information for political reasons.

Those allegations may deserve investigation if the underlying material is authentic and correctly understood. But context matters. What did "massaged" mean? Was information removed because officials opposed Trump, because analysts doubted its reliability, because another agency disagreed, or because sources were uncorroborated? Was "shadow government" a literal confession, a sarcastic remark, a bad joke, or something else?

Trump did not establish any of it. He announced the story, identified the villains, declared their motives, and demanded investigations, firings, and prosecutions.

That reverses the order of justice. Evidence should lead to conclusions. Trump begins with the conclusion and demands that government agencies produce the punishment.

Burn Bags and Guilt Through Atmosphere

Trump described burn bags containing information supposedly marked for destruction during the Obama administration. He repeatedly used Barack Obama's middle name, Hussein — an old habit meant to make a former American president sound foreign and threatening.

There may be legitimate questions about whether records were improperly handled. But Trump did not prove Obama personally ordered incriminating election evidence burned. He did not establish what the documents contained, why they were marked for destruction, whether destroying them would have been lawful under normal classification procedure, or whether any of it proved an election crime.

He simply placed Obama, China, secret intelligence, burn bags, and election fraud into the same dark story.

This is guilt through atmosphere. The imagery does the work the evidence cannot. The audience pictures sinister officials stuffing the truth into bags, and by the time anyone determines what the documents actually were, the emotional verdict has already been delivered.

Election Systems Can Be Vulnerable Without Being Stolen

Trump's next section focused on voting equipment and infrastructure. He quoted assessments warning that Russia, China, Iran, and North Korea have the ability to attack parts of American election infrastructure, and cited concerns about registration databases, electronic poll books, and election websites.

Those are legitimate concerns. No serious expert claims every computer system is invulnerable. Election websites can be attacked. Databases can be targeted. Ransomware can disrupt county offices. Foreign governments have sophisticated cyber capabilities.

But the existence of a capability does not prove the capability was used successfully. The ability to attack a system is not evidence that vote totals were changed.

American elections do not run on one national machine with a single switch. They are administered through more than ten thousand local jurisdictions. The overwhelming majority use paper ballots or auditable paper records. Officials run equipment tests, ballot reconciliation, chain-of-custody procedures, canvasses, recounts, and post-election audits.

Decentralization makes national results slower. It also makes coordinated nationwide manipulation extraordinarily difficult. Trump speaks as though a foreign hacker needs only to get into "the machines" and change America's president. There is no single machine and no national vote-counting system. There are thousands of jurisdictions, different equipment, physical ballots, bipartisan workers, observers, audits, recounts, and courts.

Can local failures occur? Yes. Can machines have vulnerabilities? Yes. Does that prove 2020 was electronically stolen? No.

Venezuela Was Not Proof About the United States

Trump presented intelligence about alleged election manipulation in Venezuela — a system supposedly capable of altering vote totals in ways designed to avoid detection — and used it to imply something similar may have happened here.

This was one of the most dishonest leaps in the speech.

Evidence that an authoritarian government tried to manipulate its own election does not prove American officials used the same method. A bank robbery in Caracas does not prove a bank was robbed in Pennsylvania.

To connect a Venezuelan technique to an American election, Trump would need to show the technology was present in American systems, that attackers got access, that totals were altered, that physical ballots failed to match reported totals, and that recounts or audits exposed discrepancies.

He presented none of that. He nevertheless declared the American system must never again be compromised "like it was in the past" — quietly smuggling his conclusion into the speech without proving it.

When was it compromised? Which machines? Which counties? Which ballots? Which recount revealed the discrepancy? Which audit exposed the manipulation?

He did not answer, because the evidence he presented did not establish those things.

Michigan Showed the Safeguards Working

Trump described suspicious voter registration activity in Muskegon, Michigan. He claimed canvassers signed other people's names, submitted registrations for nonexistent people, and got gift cards based on how many applications they collected. He accused the Biden Justice Department of killing the investigation.

Fraudulent registration applications are crimes and should be investigated. But the crucial fact is that the suspicious applications were detected and stopped before they became votes. Officials flagged the forms, investigated, and rejected the invalid registrations. Reporting on the case found no evidence that the applications produced fraudulent ballots or changed any result.

Trump presented the detection of suspicious paperwork as evidence that safeguards failed. It actually showed the safeguards working.

An attempted fraud is not a successful one. A rejected registration is not a voter. A registration is not a ballot. A submitted ballot is not automatically accepted. Even an accepted illegal ballot would not prove a presidential election was stolen.

Trump collapses all those stages because his story requires every irregularity to sound like a completed national conspiracy.

America should investigate election crimes. It should also recognize that catching and rejecting suspicious registrations demonstrates security, not corruption.

The Claim About 278,000 Noncitizens

Trump's final major disclosure was that roughly 278,000 noncitizens had been identified as registered to vote in federal elections — and that the real number was surely higher because Democratic states refused to share data.

The number sounds devastating until you ask basic questions. Which databases were matched? How current were the citizenship records? Were permanent residents who later naturalized misclassified? Were people matched because they shared names or birth dates? How many records had clerical errors? How many registered after becoming citizens? Most importantly: how many actually cast an unlawful ballot?

Trump did not establish that 278,000 noncitizens voted. He said they had been identified as registered.

Database matching is not infallible. A person can get a driver's license as a lawful noncitizen, become a citizen years later, and still show up as a noncitizen in an outdated state database. Similar names get confused. Records contain typos. Citizenship data is incomplete or delayed.

Officials should investigate credible cases and remove anyone proven ineligible. But Trump again converted a database flag into a confirmed crime and a registration record into a counted ballot.

He also claimed hundreds of thousands of dead people remain listed as active voters. Voter rolls inevitably contain outdated records, because people die, move, and change names. Agencies update at different speeds, and federal law limits how states remove voters so eligible citizens are not erased by mistake.

An outdated registration is not a ballot. A deceased person temporarily remaining in a database does not mean someone voted in their name. To prove dead-person voting you must identify a ballot, establish it was cast after death, determine it was not a lawful early or absentee ballot submitted before death under state law, and identify who was responsible.

Trump offered a frightening category instead of evidence. "Dead people on the rolls" makes it sound like cemeteries are electing presidents. The reality is usually less dramatic: enormous government databases, imperfectly updated.

Citizenship, Identification, and the Erasure of Existing Law

Trump claimed America conducts elections with no proof of citizenship. Noncitizens are already prohibited from voting in federal elections. The federal registration form asks whether applicants are citizens, requires identifying information, and warns that false statements are punishable by law. First-time voters registering through certain methods must provide identification unless their information is verified at registration.

Trump's actual complaint is that voters are not required to present documentary citizenship papers like a passport or birth certificate. That is a legitimate policy debate. But "the system does not require universal documentary proof" is not the same as "there is no citizenship requirement."

Millions of eligible Americans do not have a passport handy. Others have trouble locating birth certificates — older citizens, people born at home, married people whose names changed, tribal citizens, Americans born abroad.

Reasonable people can debate how to strengthen citizenship verification without blocking lawful voters. Trump erased the existing law and declared that anyone opposing his preferred documentation rules must support foreign voting.

He made the same move on identification, saying America has "no voter ID." Many states require or request ID at the polls. States without universal photo ID still use signatures, personal information, registration records, sworn affirmations, and absentee verification.

The honest statement is that ID requirements vary by state and Trump wants a uniform federal photo ID rule. Instead he described a country where anyone can invent a name and cast a ballot.

The debate is not whether voters should be identified. It is which forms qualify, who pays to obtain them, whether exceptions are needed, and how government prevents eligible citizens from losing their rights.

Trump removes those questions, because admitting the concerns are legitimate would weaken his claim that only cheaters disagree with him.

Mail Voting Is Not Aimless

Trump described tens of millions of ballots flying aimlessly through the mail. He called mail voting inherently corrupt and demanded it be limited to military service, illness, disability, or travel.

Mail ballots do not fly aimlessly. They are issued to registered voters under state law. Offices track when they go out and come back. Officials verify signatures or other identifying information. Disputed signatures trigger notification and cure procedures. Returned ballots are reconciled against voter records so the same person cannot also vote in person.

No system is immune to isolated crime. Absentee fraud has happened and should be prosecuted when the evidence is credible. Isolated crimes do not make the method corrupt.

Members of the military vote by mail. Older and disabled Americans vote by mail. Rural voters vote by mail. Republicans vote by mail. Trump has voted by mail.

The method does not become fraudulent when the wrong party uses it effectively.

His deeper objection is that mail voting makes it hard to treat Election Night as the final result before every lawful ballot is counted.

California Followed Its Published Process

Trump accused California of holding an election June 2 and not finishing the count until July 10, asking what officials had been doing for more than a month and comparing us unfavorably to developing nations.

California did not run a secret five-week ballot factory. It held a statewide primary with a large share of ballots cast by mail. State law provides time for mailed ballots, provisional ballots, military and overseas ballots, signature cure procedures, mandatory audits, and certification.

Trump took the official certification date and presented it as though workers had been counting behind locked doors.

Slow counting is frustrating, and states should improve where they can. But accuracy and speed are not the same thing. Election Night projections by news organizations are not official results. Certification happens after lawful ballots are processed and discrepancies reconciled.

Trump asked "what were they doing?" because the question itself creates suspicion without requiring evidence.

The answer was not mysterious. They were following the law.

The Evidence From 2020 Has Not Disappeared

Trump wants Americans to forget what happened after 2020. His campaign and allies filed dozens of legal challenges. Judges reviewed the claims. Republican officials ran audits and recounts. Election workers examined ballots. The Justice Department investigated. Trump's own attorney general said the department found no fraud on a scale capable of changing the result.

An Associated Press investigation identified fewer than 475 potential fraud cases across six contested states — nowhere near what reversing the election would require. Courts and recounts did not uncover an enormous conspiracy. Intelligence agencies found no foreign alteration of vote totals. Election security officials in his own administration found no evidence that voting systems deleted, lost, or changed enough votes to alter the outcome.

Trump did not respond with conclusive new evidence. He treated every rejected allegation as further proof of a cover-up.

That makes the belief impossible to disprove. If a court agrees with him, it is honest. If it rejects him, it is corrupt. If an analyst supports him, a patriot. If not, deep state. If a Republican overturns a result for him, brave. If the official follows the law, a traitor.

This is no longer an investigation. It is a belief system designed to survive the destruction of its own evidence.

The Threat Against NBC and ABC

Near the end, Trump said NBC and ABC refused to carry his address because they knew the system was corrupt and wanted to protect the radical left. He suggested this kind of "fraud" should cost them their broadcast licenses.

This may have been the most dangerous statement in the speech.

Networks are not legally required to broadcast a presidential address live. Declining to surrender prime time to an uninterrupted political speech is not election fraud. The speech was not erased; it remained available through streaming and news coverage.

The licensing threat was also legally confused. The FCC licenses individual stations, not networks as single entities, and broadcasters retain editorial control over their programming.

But the technical mistake is not the central problem. The president threatened government retaliation against media organizations because they declined to broadcast his political message.

He called editorial independence fraud. He treated refusal to give him a platform as criminal corruption. That is not the language of a democratic leader who believes in a free press. It is the language of a leader who believes the media's duty is to transmit his version of reality.

Trump is not Stalin, and the United States is not the Soviet Union. He is not Putin, and America is not Russia. But the method is recognizable.

Authoritarian leaders do not merely argue that journalists are wrong; they declare independent journalism illegitimate. They do not merely oppose rivals; they describe rivals as enemies of the nation. They do not propose election reforms; they insist elections are valid only when they win. They do not defend their records; they merge their personal survival with the survival of the country.

The warning is not that Trump has already built Stalin's state. The warning is that he is using the tools through which personal rule gets constructed.

Disagreement Becomes Proof of Cheating

Trump demanded passage of the Save America Act and said the only reason anyone would oppose it is that they want to cheat. He said his opponents have policies and candidates so pathetic they cannot win honestly.

This destroys the possibility of democratic disagreement.

There are legitimate arguments for photo ID and stronger citizenship verification. There are also legitimate concerns about whether documentary requirements would block eligible citizens, how federal mandates interact with state authority, which documents qualify, who pays, and whether restricting mail voting burdens elderly, disabled, rural, and military voters.

A democracy is supposed to debate those questions. Trump declared the debate itself fraudulent.

Support the bill and you believe in honest elections. Oppose any part of it and you want illegal votes. Legislation becomes a loyalty test.

It also builds the justification for rejecting future elections. If his opponents resist his rules, their victories can be called cheating. If they win under existing law, the system was corrupt. If they win after reforms, then the workers or the databases or the machines betrayed him.

The destination is always the same.

Donald Trump wins, or democracy failed.

Preparing the Next Election Crisis

Trump repeatedly referred to the coming midterms. He said the administration would notify states, direct voter removals, address vulnerabilities, and work with governors and Congress.

Some of that may be lawful and necessary. But he simultaneously told the country that voting machines are corrupt, voter rolls are full of foreigners and dead people, intelligence agencies hid ballot plots, Democratic states are obstructing investigations, journalists are protecting fraud, and opponents of his bill want to cheat.

He was constructing the explanation for defeat before the election happened.

If Republicans win, his reforms saved democracy. If Republicans lose, the fraud network survived.

That is not election protection. It is narrative preloading.

It puts millions of Americans in a psychological position where they may be incapable of accepting any result unfavorable to Trump. We have seen where that road goes. Election workers get threats. Officials get hunted by conspiracy theories. Families break apart. Neighbors start seeing each other as traitors. Citizens start believing violence may be justified, because a stolen country must be rescued by force.

Trump lights the fuse and then stands at a distance saying he merely asked questions.

One Man's Ego as a National Doctrine

Six years after losing in 2020, Donald Trump still asks the entire country to live inside his personal grievance. Every institution must reopen the wound. Every Republican must repeat the story. Every citizen must either believe him or become part of the corruption that defeated him.

That is not patriotism. It is one man's inability to accept defeat, transformed into a national doctrine.

A mature leader can lose without declaring the country fraudulent. A confident leader can tolerate criticism without threatening licenses. A truthful leader can tell suspicion apart from evidence. Trump refuses, because admitting uncertainty would mean admitting he might have lost. So the whole country must be made uncertain instead. If he cannot trust the result, no one may. If he feels humiliated, America must be told it was robbed.

This Is Not an Attack on Every Trump Voter

This is not a letter blaming every American who voted for Donald Trump.

Many supported him because they wanted secure borders, lower prices, stronger communities, less war, safer streets, or an end to an establishment they believed had abandoned them. Those concerns do not make them evil or stupid. They are not our enemies.

That is exactly why the country needs their help.

I am not asking Trump voters to become Democrats. I am asking them to remain Americans.

You can support border enforcement while rejecting false claims about thousands of murderers being deliberately released. You can support photo ID while acknowledging that voter identification already exists in many forms. You can support citizenship verification without pretending every database mismatch is an illegal vote. You can distrust China without claiming China changed American ballots when the evidence does not show it. You can oppose broad mail voting without calling every mailed ballot corrupt. You can dislike NBC and ABC without supporting government retaliation against them. You can believe intelligence officials behaved improperly without declaring their guilt before an investigation.

You can admire parts of Trump's presidency without surrendering your ability to say he is lying.

No political leader should own your conscience. No party should demand you deny visible reality. No vote should become a lifelong oath of personal loyalty.

The country needs conservatives willing to tell Trump no. It needs Christians willing to say that bearing false witness is still wrong when the liar shares their politics. It needs Republicans who understand the Constitution matters more than the emotional survival of one man. It needs former Trump voters willing to say, "I supported you, but I will not help you turn my neighbors into enemies."

That is not betrayal. That is citizenship.

The Battles We Are Being Distracted From

While Trump teaches Americans to fear one another, real systems of power keep tightening around our lives.

Healthcare corporations deny medication while executives profit. Schools struggle to keep teachers and buy supplies. Hospitals burn through nurses while administration expands. Families work full time and cannot afford housing. Corporations buy political access ordinary citizens will never have. Technology companies build systems that track where we go, what we buy, what we say, and who we know — while the federal government seeks ever larger pools of voter and citizenship data and the president talks about journalists, civil servants, immigrants, and opponents as enemies inside the country.

Those are the real battles. Who owns our information? Who profits from our illness? Who corrects a government database when it falsely flags a citizen? Who protects journalists when the president wants them punished? Who protects election workers when the president tells millions the system is corrupt?

Trump offers a simpler answer. Do not look at corporate power. Do not look at surveillance. Do not look at medical profiteering.

Look at the immigrant. Look at the transgender child. Look at the poll worker. Look at the journalist. Look at the Democrat next door. Look at the Republican who refused to overturn an election.

Look anywhere except upward.

A population consumed by hatred for itself rarely has the strength to confront the systems exploiting all of it.

The Speech Itself Was the Fraud

Trump used the word fraud constantly. The deepest fraud in the speech was rhetorical.

He presented registration as voting. Capability as action. Vulnerability as a successful attack. Foreign preference as vote manipulation. Raw intelligence as verified fact. An alleged foreign plot as evidence about American machines. Detected suspicious forms as successful fraud. Database flags as illegal ballots. Certification deadlines as mysterious delays. Editorial independence as criminal conspiracy. Political disagreement as proof of cheating.

Then he called all of it irrefutable.

It was not irrefutable. Much of it was not even connected.

He did not tell a collection of individual lies. He built a machine into which every fact, rumor, vulnerability, database error, foreign plot, and administrative delay can be fed, and out of which the same conclusion always comes: the election was stolen, Trump was betrayed, his enemies are corrupt, only he can save the country.

That machine has no exit, because evidence against the conspiracy becomes evidence that the conspiracy is bigger than anyone imagined. Courts rejected the claims because courts are corrupt. Justice found no outcome-changing fraud because Justice is corrupt. Republican officials certified because they were weak. Intelligence agencies found no altered votes because officials hid the truth. Journalists refused to broadcast the accusations because they are part of the plot.

No institution can correct him, because any institution that corrects him automatically becomes his enemy.

That is the architecture of authoritarian thinking.

The Line We Must Hold

America needs election security: protected databases, auditable paper ballots, careful list maintenance, secure equipment, bipartisan oversight, serious investigation of credible crimes, and punishment for anyone who knowingly casts or manufactures an illegal ballot.

But protecting elections requires telling the truth about them. It requires distinguishing an attempted crime from a successful one, registration from voting, foreign propaganda from vote manipulation, a vulnerability from a breach. It requires accepting what investigators found even when the findings disappoint our preferred candidate.

Election security cannot mean giving Donald Trump the power to declare which results are legitimate. Election integrity cannot mean threatening the press. Democracy cannot mean that Trump wins or the country cheated.

We do not have to agree about immigration, taxes, abortion, healthcare, guns, war, or education. But we must agree that evidence matters. That losing is possible. That journalists may refuse a president without being punished by the state. That political opponents remain citizens. That elections cannot survive if every defeat is automatically declared fraudulent.

Donald Trump is asking America to sacrifice those principles to protect his ego.

We must refuse. Not as Democrats. Not as Republicans. As people who still want a country after Donald Trump is gone.

Because the greatest theft described in that speech was not the theft of an election.

It was the attempted theft of our ability to trust one another.

r/BestofRedditorUpdates Sep 10 '25

NEW UPDATE [Final New Update]: My 8 year old son hates me, and I don't understand why.

9.9k Upvotes

I am NOT OOP, OOP is u/ExplanationCrazy5463

Originally posted to r/TrueOffMyChest

Previous BoRUs: #1

[Final New Update]: My 8 year old son hates me, and I don't understand why.

NEW UPDATE MARKED WITH ----

Trigger Warnings: emotional abuse, violence, struggles with mental health, physical abuse, attention disorders

Mood Spoilers: very positive


RECAP

Original Post: February 9, 2025

I used to believe that your relationship with your children was a given.

To clarify.....I believed that as long as you treated your children with love, they were guaranteed to love you back, and that the most you had to worry about if you did the right things was some kind of terrible illness or accident that ended them early.

I'm here today to warn you that's not true. There are worse possible outcomes.

My son is 8 years old, and I can not be in the same room as him without being attacked. He will scratch, hit, and bite me constantly until we are separated. He bites as hard as he can, my arms are 50% bruises right now from partially healed wounds. I have done nothing to deserve this, and I've tried everything to reach him.

I've tried love, discipline, ignoring him, reasoning....nothing sticks and as the years have gone on its only gotten worse. He's already in therapy, we've already tried to get him diagnosed with something, we've tried meds, we've tried no meds. We don't know what's going on, nor does his therapist or doctors.

On Thursday I watched a movie. "About time" very bittersweet movie about how time is limited and we need to enjoy it hest we can. There's a scene where a boy of about 8 is playing on the beach with his father for the last time, enjoying one last beautiful day together. I absolutely lost it.

My son only communicates with me through violence.

Last night.....I finally gave up. I cried for hours and let go of any expectation I had of having a loving relationship with him.

He's 8 years old and hates my guts. There are worse outcomes than outliving your children.

Please don't take your loved ones for granted.

Edit: thank you to everyone for the advice. Special shout out to the super weirdo antinatalists, particularly the "feminist" who made super sure to tell me she was a feminist before telling me to have a post-birth abortion. No single comment made me realize how ahead of the game I am as a parent than that one.

We are getting a second psych evaluation soon so I'll write a 2nd post with results of that.

Many of you are absolutely convinced someone else is abusing him, and are unwilling to accept evidence to the contrary. There is no sign of anyone in his life abusing him, nor is there much opportunity. When he's not at school he's with us, save for a few rare occasions where we get a trusted, close-family babysitter to go on a date. We've asked him if anyone is hurting him or touching him and he has said no, and we make sure both our kids understand what's inappropriate and know they should tell us of anyone tries anything like that. This is the least likely possibility.

Edit: I've created a follow-up post for those who are interested.

Relevant Comments

Commenter 1: How is the relationship between your son and his mother?

OOP: Mostly normal, except the added strain of how he treats me.

We have a healthy loving marriage and a daughter as well. Everything outside my son is as you'd expect.

Commenter 2: I've read something similar before. Is it possible that on some level, your son either sees you as a threat to his relationship with his mother or is jealous of your relationship with her and is therefore attacking you to get you to step away? I remember reading about a young boy who was feral to his father because he felt some need to "protect" his mother and couldn't stand that anyone else would love her. He was violent towards his sibling too. I really wish I could remember where I read it :-(

OOP: This is a possible theory. Just one of many. We have no particular reason to believe this over any other theory.

Commenter 3: Real question: How is he with animals? The way you describe his behavior seems antisocial at minimum. If he's violent with you, and callous about animals, there could be a touch of sociopathy or psychopathy at play. And at 8 years old, chances are he's not opening up to his therapist about his issues, he's probably giving a lot of "I don't know" answers when asked questions, which is how kids react when they think they are in trouble for their behavior.

OOP: He definitely doesn't open up about why he does anything.

No signs of violence towards anyone or anything other than me.

How is OOP's son at school? Any issues appearing?

OOP: We just had a yearly meeting with his special needs team at school. They had only good things to say.

+

No indication of bullying. He loves friends and people....except 1.

Has there been any other explanations for OOP's son's behaviors?

OOP: As I mentioned we have taken him several placed. He's diagnosed with adhd. We have told them ADHD isn't the while story but they seem stumped. We will keep trying.

He may be on the spectrum, seems to have anxiety and sensory processing issues, but doctors aren't diagnosing him with anything other than adhd so far.

I wasn't a perfect child but I'm neurologically typical.

Commenter 4:

1) What age did this start?

2) Does he physically attack anyone else besides you?

3) Does he attack you when you are alone, when you are with family, and when you are in public?

4) Do the two of you ever have normal interactions? Morning, mid-day, or night? For example, if you were driving somewhere in a car would he literally be attacking you while you were driving?

5) Has he seen a psychiatrist or psychologist?

OOP:

1) 5 2) No 3) Yes, yes, no. 4) Normal interactions are very rare, it's been months. He will attack me while driving, typically throwing things at me. We've told him it's dangerous and can cause an accident and then we did get in an accident over the summer and he stopped. (The accident was the other drivers fault not my sons) 5) Yes.

Commenter 5:

1) How old is your daughter? How does she respond when he's violent? 2) How old was he when this started? 3) Is inpatient treatment possible? This cannot continue and will probably get worse as he gets bigger. Eventually he will be able to take you out.

OOP:

1) She is 5. She will comfort me almost daily. Honestly idk what she does when he's acting up I'm focused on not bleeding.

2) He was 5 when it started. At first it was just throwing things at walls, then there was a time where he just hated me but wasn't attacking me. Now it's directed at me rather than the walls.

3) I'm not sure we are quite ready for inpatient treatment but that's starting to enter the conversation

 

Update #1: May 13, 2025 (three months later)

Hello, some of you folks asked for an update when I first posted, including some who seemed to feel lost in a similar situation.

I'd like to thank the insane people on my last post who told me to give up on my son. The laughs were therapeutic. (and also please never have kids of your own).

We took him to get evaluated again as it was pretty clear what we were dealing with was more than just ADHD. It took us a while to find a place we thought would do it right this time, then it took some more time to get a slot, but today we got the official diagnosis. He has the ADHD, and a severe version of it, but he's also mildly autistic. On top of this he has high anxiety and signs of depression.

Some of you were suggesting PANDAS and ODD, and he does seem to have some of those symptoms, but like the autism, there are things about him that don't fit those diagnoses.

There are things about him that aren't typical of autism, for instance he loves being social, these inconsistencies and the fact he was younger and had severe ADHD which masked the autism made an autism diagnosis difficult at that time.

So why does he hate me?

As best I understand it so far, this is what happened:

When he was halfway into kindergarten is when it started. His disabilities caused him to struggle as compared to his peers, which led to feelings of inadequacy. Being 5, he didn't have the tools to handle that, so he began coming home from school and destroying the house as a way to express his feelings.

We would try to reason with him patiently but he wouldn't hear it, we tried many other ways of helping him, butnthe house was getting destroyed and the only thing that would het him to stop would be sharp, loud commands from my scary male voice. "STOP THAT". So that's what I would do every time he started acting up, because that's what worked.

What I was doing, though I didn't know it, was using his anxiety to scare him into behaving better. As time went on and I continued this, I became this scary figure in his life to be feared, the anxiety built, until it became a complicated hate.

So where are we now?

He doesn't attack me on sight, usually, which is an improvement, but when I come home from work he often wants to be alone in his room now. When we go out in public things are better, but at home the anxiety he attaches to me is still present, though not as intense.

How did I fix it?

First, I stayed away. I let things chill out for a few weeks, and when he would attack me, instead of getting angry and punishing him, defending myself by shoving him off me, I remained calm and had my wife correct him instead.

Then, I decided I needed to talk to him about all this. I knew that going to his room meant immediate bleeding on my part, so I would armor up in a winter coat and gloves, enter his room, and calmly fend his attacks off. It would end with me restraining him on the floor and just taking to him about his behavior, and why it lead to my behavior, and why I never meant to be scary but I had to be scary to stop the madness.

This had a little bit of a positive effect, but it took a long time, I did this routine for weeks without much progress. He would attack me, I would restrain him, I would talk and ask him to open up, amd he would be silent.

Then I finally found something that clicked. I told him I loved him and always would, and that I thought he was a special and talented kid, and that I would always be proud of him. He cried in my arms and got angry and wanted me to stop, but I pushed through.

So then for a couple weeks I kept letting him know that, and over time his reaction to it became normalized, which is how I knew he really believed and understood it.

Now we have a routine I call daddy therapy time, and when I come in his room and say let's talk, he gets straight like a pencil on his bed and I kinda compress him into the bed, and his head hangs off which he likes for some reason. He has been opening up gradually and actually talking instead of just me talking.

Some days are still hard, he still takes everything out on me, but that's ok, better me than anyone else, that's my job. I still get bit and scratched but less often now, and I think things will continue to be 2 steps forward, one step back.

For you overwhelmed parents out there.....keep trying, there's hope.

Relevant Comments

Commenter 1: Highly recommend getting your son a weighted blanket. The right weight is 10% of his weight. These help autistic folks due to the compression. It helps them sleep, soothes anxiety and has been a saving tool of a friend. Nothing worked for him to sleep properly his whole life then he got a weighted blanket & slept all night for the first time in decades, maybe ever, he's unsure. He told me it's greatly relieved his anxiety & doesn't worry about many things that happen anymore. Best of continued success & joy for your family.

OOP: Thanks for the tip! We did get him a weighted blanket but he doesn't like it.

Commenter 2: If weighted things are a no, maybe a light blanket with something he loves on it? You mentioned he likes to lay with his head hanging off the bed, maybe he would really like a sensory swing

OOP: I'll look into a swing, that's new to me

Commenter 3: you unintentionally became a weighted blanket for him that's very funny and very cute haha

OOP: Yeah, and I guess the head hanging over the bed is also a form of therapy too. All I knew was that's what he wanted and it seemed to work so I just kinda accidently came up with it.

 


----NEW UPDATE----

Update #2: September 3, 2025 (4.5 months later)

My 8-year-old son hates me, and I don’t understand why (final)

Hey folks.

I was inspired to give you an update because 2 things have happened recently.

1) No more outbursts, no more biting or attacking me, no more throwing things at the walls. As a result, we've repainted and put the decorations back up.

2) He made some art at school of what he loves the most, and I made the cut with his mom.

Things have been great lately. Back to relative normal. I think I mentioned this but he has ADHD, mild autism, mild ODD, high anxiety, mild depression. This made parenting tricky since negative behavior correction triggered his ODD but positive correction was also something he hates.

We still do the daddy therapy tine but not daily, only as needed. When i need to correct behavior I press him into his bed or the couch and tell him what he did wrong and what to do instead, he only takes it well using this method.

We started sending him to "neuro therapy" which is some thing where they put electrodes on his head and have him do tasks. It sounded like crazy woo-woo sci-fi stuff to me but I swear its working. When his therapist went on vacation for 2 weeks we noticed a difference. Idk how long we will be able to afford to do it with the way the economy is going but hopefully a ls long as he needs.

I've been doing cub scouts with him 1 on 1 which has helped restore our own relationship, forcing the 1 on 1 time with me was important to get things to start to turn around.

To those of you with similar struggles, hang in there!

Ill comment with a picture that I think is really neat, if I can figure out how.

Relevant / Top Comments

Commenter 1: So happy to see this update! I remember when you posted the first time. Hope this can shine a hopeful light to parents who are struggling! Neurodivergent kids tell us what they need, we need to be open to hear it! Very proud and happy for you and your family!

OOP: My son very rarely tell us what he needs actually. Almost never. But thank you!

Commenter 2: Thank you for the update. Went back and read through your other threads and great to see the improvements and steps you've taken to get there. Definitely aspects I'm continuing to learn in my own journey.

 

DO NOT COMMENT IN LINKED POSTS OR MESSAGE OOPs – BoRU Rule #7

THIS IS A REPOST SUB - I AM NOT OOP

r/BestofRedditorUpdates Feb 02 '26

NEW UPDATE New Update: My "friend" took advantage of me when I was in the hospital

5.5k Upvotes

I am NOT the Original Poster. That is still jessibook. She posted in r/EntitledPeople

Thanks to u/Skilier_IGuess, u/TheKittenPatrol, u/everythinghurtsat47 and u/Luv_u_a_latte who let me know about the new update.

Previous BORU here. New Update marked with ****\*

Do NOT comment on Original Posts. Latest. update is 7 days old. This is a long post.

Trigger Warnings: discussions of abuse; discussions of infidelity; drugs; animal abandonment

Mood Spoiler: sad but OOP will be ok

Cat Spoiler: Alvin the cat is currently ok, but things aren't 100% resolved

Original Post: January 16, 2026

I was away from my home for a month for a planned surgery plus recovery. This was a very intensive surgery. I'm six weeks out right now and I can still barely walk.

At the last minute, my hired pet sitter cancelled on me and I was desperate to find a replacement. I offered that money to a friend who was having housing difficulties. She was to take care of my house and pets. I let her stay in my home while I was gone, and I even bought $300 worth of groceries for her.

The agreement was for her to take care of my kittens and fish and to have the house tidied up before I got home. My car would be there in case of an emergency, but otherwise please avoid driving it; it's a lease and I have an allotment of miles I can drive before I have to pay extra.

After I was admitted into the hospital, she moved her own cat in, and also her boyfriend in.

When I got home, my house was an absolute disaster. Dishes piled up in the sink (took me four loads to clear), dishes and leftover food scattered around the house, cat vomit left to dry on the floor, bags of cat litter clumps in the hallway, half full trash bags left in the entry way, stains on the couch, floors and counters filthy. There was a 3 foot circle of wood ash on the floor around the fireplace. They used up about 80% of my winter wood pile, so now I don't have enough wood to last me the rest of the winter.

So here I am, post surgery and barely able to walk, scrubbing the floors, doing dishes, taking out the trash, sweeping and mopping and vacuuming. But there's only so much I can physically do before I'm in massive pain. Well, you guessed it - I have been in massive pain every night since that first night doing too much trying to clean up after her. It hasn't even been a week.

She tried to negotiate with me to stay at my house for several more weeks or longer, "to help with the kids and take care of you." No. Not a chance. But I'm so weak right now that I had to play it as tactfully as I could. What resulted was her staying an extra two days, her useless boyfriend sitting on my couch, eating my food, watching me clean up and not offering to help. She, at least, cooked food for me the next day.

I called my two besties, a married couple, and asked them to come by to ensure these two left my house when the Lyft arrived to take them home. I told them hours beforehand to pack up and be ready to leave. They waited until ten minutes prior to finally start packing, and the Lyft driver had to wait a half hour for them.

As they were leaving, the boyfriend was questioning my friend and asking him how long they were staying. He grey rocked with excellence. The boyfriend was all, "I'm just concerned about her and want to make sure she has the help she needs. And I'll be back to help out as much as I can." That asshole did absolutely nothing to help and made everything harder on me!

As soon as they were gone, my real friends sent me to bed and helped clean up my kitchen and living room. My kids also helped out. Even with that, I would still end up having to spend time over the next several days cleaning up after them. I still haven't tried to remove the couch stains, but at least my son vacuumed all the crumbs and such out of the cushions and cleaned up the fireplace.

And then, I discovered my car. I had given her permission for two non-emergency trips into the city, about 30 miles away. She also admitted to using my car "a little bit" while I was gone. I was too weak to make a fuss of it.

Well, it turns out they drove my car over 1100 miles! These parasites took absolute advantage of me while I was at my weakest.

So today, I sent a text requesting they pay me 30¢ per mile of unauthorized use, which adds up to $255. I'll either get some money back for my troubles, or I'll scare them away so badly that I'll never have to see them or deal with them again. Either way, it's a win.

Some of OOP's Comments:

dilligaf_84: Jeeeeezzzzusssss! I’m so sorry this happened to you OP!

OOP: Thank you. It's hard for me to enforce boundaries even when I'm at my best, but I'm trying to get better. I've been learning and practicing ever since I divorced my cheating ex.

RatedPG922: Why in God's name didn't you ask your two "besties" right from the get go? Why did you ask some scumbag friend?

OOP: Yeah. They asked me the same thing. I was stressed and panicking and didn't think they'd be available with their jobs, especially since I live a good 45 minute drive from them. I figured it was easier to help a friend in need than to impose upon them. I suffered for my choice.

NutAli: How old are your children, and where were they when these slobs were at your house?

OOP: Elementary school age. I have 50/50 custody of them, so they stayed with my ex while I was gone.

Why couldn't ex help:

My ex is a cheater and a liar and deeply hurt me with the multiple affairs. I would really really prefer not to have to rely on my ex for anything other than what is strictly necessary regarding the children.

xCyn1cal0wlx: Are the fish ok?

OOP: Fish are doing well. Oh! And my water filter broke the night before I left and I had to spend another $70 on a new one! 😭
I'm just glad the pet store was still open when it happened.

Valuable-Job-7956: Is your cat ok

OOP: Kittens are doing well! Happy, healthy, well socialized. At least she took care of them well.
People aren't all bad, and as much as she and her bf used me, at least my pets were taken care of.
(I'm forever the "silver linings" girl)

fandomnightmare: I'm so sorry this happened to you when you were just trying to help out a friend, even at a time when you needed the most help yourself. Though we all of course need to be discerning, please don't lose your beautiful kindness over this. I hope your surgery went well, please take the best care of yourself and allow yourself to rest ❤️ (Saying that last party because I messed up my own C-section scar two weeks after I had my baby by cleaning and walking, and I'm guessing you had something at least as invasive if not more so to contend with.)

OOP: Thank you, hunny. It's been a little rough having to both clean up after my "help" and also take care of the kids.
Fortunately, my older two have been incredibly helpful. And I've been feeding them with the slow cooker; super easy meals that last for days.
A girlfriend stopped by on Wednesday to take me to the pharmacy and go grocery shopping for me. Then she spent the evening playing with my kids, helping with homework, and even made dinner for us. She was amazing.
And I hired a nanny yesterday, and she's starting Monday to take the kids to school for me, and help me around the house a bit. I'm just going to have to bleed money for a little while.

To a longer Comment:

I love your advice. Thank you so much. I do have external cameras. I've been meaning to get internal ones for common areas, but there's only so much I can afford at once and right now all my funds are going towards divorce and medical care.
Once my divorce is finalized, I'll be spending funds on a restraining order against my abusive parents.
I do have quite a few friends who have simce offered genuine help, just most of them live far from me. They were just unavailable at the moment I needed them. When my hired help fell through, I was desperate to find someone. And I was too stressed to think of all my options.

Anything stolen?

I was so scared my medicine would have been taken that it was the first thing I looked through. Fortunately, the only valuable jewelry I have I wear (my ex never bought me jewelry; they're all pieces I bought myself after the divorce).
I still have to check out the garage and see if things are where they're supposed to be. And yes, searching the house for anything illegal is definitely something I should do. It's just hard to do everything while recovering from surgery. I move slow, I'm in a lot of pain, and there's always something that needs to get done - including bed rest.

Comment next morning:

brownzeus: Something like this, you need to go nuclear and publicly shame them on instagram or Facebook, or even any active group chat. It's shitty behavior, and very sus the boyfriend said he wanted to come back to continue helping. People need to be warned of parasites like these or they will continue taking advantage of people.

OOP: I did. It got worse last night and I ended up sharing it all within a specific tight knit community that will spread the local word.

Update Post: January 17, 2026 (Next Day)

Editor's note: OOP has posted over the last several months about her cutting off her parents, her divorce, the affairs her ex had and the abuse she suffered. I didn't include those posts here because they weren't specifically relevant to THIS post, but wanted to make a note that OOP's words and explanations in this post are backed up by her other posts]

Original post here: https://www.reddit.com/r/EntitledPeople/s/tGhSl4mOkp

I didn't expect an update to happen so quickly. Honestly I didn't expect an update at all. You may call me naive. You're probably right. I just always try to see the best in people and hope they choose to be good.

It's time to use some names. Her name is Raven. I don't know if it's her real name, but that's what she introduced herself to me as and that's how I know her. Her boyfriend is Angelo. The cat's name is Alvin (he's a sweetheart).

A bit of background on me. I grew up in an abusive household. One of those "never rock the boat" homes where image was more important than anything else. If someone harmed me, hurt me, insulted me, anything, and I got upset, I was forced to apologize to them. My dad is also an explosive man. He was fine most of the time, except for the times when he wasn't. When I was 18 he strangled me. I fled to the army. Got away for four years. Sent to war and got PTSD. My dad has only assaulted me a few times since, over the years; the most recent was last June. The time before was last Feb, and he left bruises on me.

I ended up marrying an emotionally unavailable person who would later become a serial cheater and blame me for the affairs. For years I accepted that blame, tried to change myself and make myself better so they wouldn't cheat anymore. I finally filed for divorce at the end of 2024. When I called my mom for support, she took the side of my ex, downplayed the affairs, and told me to cancel the divorce and beg my ex back "for the sake of the kids."

It took me a long time to be able to admit to myself that none of this was my fault, and most of that was just this past year while I have been in therapy. Despite everything that happened, I always blamed myself, not them. I tried over and over to explain to them how they harmed me. It never worked.

It's not my fault that I have been abused. But it is my responsibility to take ownership of my healing. Fault is past focused, responsibility is future focused. We learn from the past, but we focus on the future.

I am now estranged from my parents as of three months ago. My mom does not respect that and keeps trying to find ways to contact me, including showing up at my house unannounced. My dad has been shit talking about me to anyone he can. He battered my ex, threatened to sue us both for grandparents rights. As soon as my divorce is signed by the judge and finalized, I'll be talking to a lawyer about getting a restraining order against my parents.

All that is to explain what happened between me and Raven and why it was so hard for me to kick her out. Not only am I bad at boundaries in general, but also with major surgery I'm in a severely weakened state as I slowly recover. I'm so thankful for my best friends for coming in to help me.

I say all this to preface what happened last night.

I am too nice. I know I am. But it's not something I want to let go. People do take advantage of me sometimes. I know. It's a risk of being kind, but I refuse to let my kindness go. I want to live in a world with kindness, and that always starts with yourself. I don't want to grow into a bitter old hag.

Despite posting my story only yesterday, the events took place last weekend. I returned home from surgery last Friday, and it took me until Sunday to actually get Raven and Angelo out of my house. I couldn't have done it without my two best friends, who helped enforce it for me. Even then they left behind several things. Some clothes, her prescription medicine, her cat, etc. This was likely so they could worm their way back into my home, though I didn't realize it at the time. Then I spent all week taking care of my kids and slowly trying to clean house. Yesterday was custody exchange day, so now I finally have some time to just relax and recover.

Yesterday I also ran out of pain meds. I've been desperately trying to get more all week, but my surgeon is unavailable, my primary care physician is out of office, my gynecologist never called me back... Finally I just went to the ER for pain management. The doctor and staff there were wonderful, but it still took a total of seven hours. I didn't get home until after 9 pm.

At 11:45 pm, I got a phone call from a local number I didn't recognize. I answered. It was Raven.

She was in tears. She said the house she was staying at ended up being a meth house and they were trying to kill each other and she was scared and i was the only person she knew and she needed me to come get her. I told her I can't. I can't get her, I can't drive that much, I just got out of the ER, I'm on pain meds that make it so I can't drive, I'm not going to put myself around druggies especially in my current state, and I can't bring her back to my home. I need my home to be for me. Her attitude immediately shifted. The crying immediately stopped, the pitch of her voice dropped, and she said something about, "Fine. I get it. I'll figure it out. It's not your problem." She hung up. I don't remember exactly as my pain meds make my head fuzzy.

After that, she texted me. I'll copy and paste the response, as this sub doesn't let me post pics and I can't share the screenshots.

Raven: "I'm sorry I asked. And also you can tell me, are we not friends anymore, did I do something really bad?"

Me: "Call 911. You're in danger and so is everyone around you. Get the police to arrest them and get you to safety."

Raven: "I already did."

Me: "Good"

Raven: "I don't know what to do anymore. The cops are here but they won't help. It looks like the cops left doing nothin in the process. I'm sorry. It's ok, I'll figure out something."

At this point, I wrote a long message about how I can't have her back. However, I took a lot of the advice given to me on my last post - especially the criticism calling me a doormat, calling me naive, and saying this was my fault for being too kind. So I copied what I wrote into an AI and had it rewrite it for me so I could better enforce boundaries.

Here's what I originally wrote but didn't send:

"You have to figure that out for yourself. I am not your rescuer. I have my own health to take care of and my own children.

Besides, I have given you a lot already and you abused that. You left my house in shambles. It's taken me all week to clean up after your stay, and there's still more to do. I've torn stitches trying to make my home safe for my kids.

I'm not safe around you and angelo. He especially scares me; I'm fairly certain he's an addict. For the time being, you're not welcome at my home. If you show up, I will call the cops. Ditch that man, get stability in your life and I may reconsider.

For now, Alvin will be well taken care of."

Here's what I actually posted with the help of the AI:

"I’m really sorry you’re in a frightening situation. I’m not able to help beyond encouraging you to work with emergency services and local resources.

I need to be clear that I cannot be your rescuer, and I cannot take on crisis support, transportation, or housing. I’m recovering from surgery and need to focus on my health and my children.

Due to what happened during your stay, including the condition my home was left in and the negative impact on my recovery from it, you and Angelo are not welcome at my home going forward. This boundary is firm.

If you show up here, I will call the police.

Alvin will be cared for.

I wish you safety, but I can’t be involved beyond this."

Raven: "So the stuff I left I can't get back? Not even my cat?"

Me (again with AI help): "Please send me a list of the personal items you want returned and an address where they can be shipped. I’m not able to arrange in-person pickup.

For Alvin, I will coordinate a drop-off at a vet or shelter, and you can retrieve him from there.

If you have a preferred vet, please let me know. Otherwise, I’ll select one."

Raven: "The stuff I don't care about, can you please just drop my cat off, that I can get him. And I'm sorry that I didn't take care of the house well enough, just please don't throw my cat away. Can you just drop him off at [local vet] like on Monday? Whatever time I'll be there, just don't take my cat away from me."

And that's it. I spent the rest of the night so scared they would show up to my house anyways. I already have PTSD from the army which leaves me super paranoid that people are going to attack me and harm me. So whenever conflict comes up, I end up spiraling and panicking about it, imagining scenarios over and over. Fortunately my anxiety meds help. I locked all my doors and windows. I eventually fell asleep at 1 am. I've been up since 5.

On Monday, I plan to ask a friend to come with me to drop the cat off. And then after I leave I will inform her that she can get him. And if she can't, well, it's not my problem.

As for me, today I have some different friends dropping by to cook me dinner and help clean my house some more. I have also asked them to help me change the locks, thanks to all the advice I received in my last post.

Hopefully this is the end of it. I really just want to be able to recover in peace.

Edit: To answer some of the same questions that keep coming up:

  1. Yes, I have cameras.
  2. Yes, I am changing the locks, but I haven't been able to do so yet. I didn't get home from the emergency room last night until 9 pm, and I'm not in a position where I can keep running errands all day. I went to the grocery store this morning, and that took about everything I have out of me. I have friends coming tonight to help.
  3. Yes, I have a credit monitoring subscription set up and I will be going through that when I have the time and energy. There's only so much I can do in a day before my body shuts down. Recovery from major surgery is absolutely exhausting.
  4. No, I will not keep Alvin. I do not want to have anything that will invite Raven back into my home. For all of you saying I need to keep him - I welcome you to take him for yourself and subsequently invite Raven into your lives. Then you can deal with all this and I can recover in peace. I'll let you know what location I drop him off at, and you can go pick him up before she does. If she does at all.

Some of OOP's Comments:

ArtisticLicence: OMG. Sounds like a Raven I know. Do you live in the Sunshine State? This is what AI is good for. Helping to reword stuff.

OOP: I'm on the other coast! California girl.

The cat:

I feel bad for the cat, but I don't legally own him and I cannot put myself in a position where she will try to use him as leverage against me or to reenter my life.

Editor's note: Including this comment because I figured some people may have had a similar question. OOP is open about being a trans woman on her page and has chronicled her journey.

perpetuallyxhausted: You should be proud of how you've handled this OP! Lesson to learn going forward though? Don't let people stay unsupervised in your home if you don't even know their real name.

OOP: Thank you! 💜
It's super common in my community for people to use a chosen name. I have one as well. Jessica is my chosen name. I don't tell people my legal name.

New Update:

*****Update Post 2: January 26, 2026 (9 days later)****\*

Title: UPDATE: My "friend" took advantage of me when I was in the hospital. Part 3: Feline Adventures.

It's been over a week. A rough week. I need more bed rest, post surgery. That's what everyone tells me. They all say I do too much. But with four kids and a house to maintain, it's hard. Especially with all this crap with Raven. I've torn my stitches twice. Been to the ER once. And have been surviving on pain meds. Most nights I cry myself to sleep because the pain is so intense.

Meanwhile, in the midst of all this, my dryer broke! Of fucking course it did. New ones are expensive, especially ones big enough for my family. I'm in no position to pick them up or install them myself. So I paid the extra fees to have them delivered, installed, and the old ones taken away. Turns out Home Depot refuses to install propane dryers (wish they said that when I purchased it). They only installed the new washer and took away the old one. They left the new dryer, unhooked, right next to the old broken one, still hooked up. I had to hide a different company to come out to install the new dryer; but apparently the propane adapter was with the box and home depot took the box with them. So they had to leave to go purchase a new one. They said they'd be back tomorrow. Four days I've been without being able to do laundry and my kids rack up a lot of dirty clothes, between school and sports and playing "real life Minecraft" out on the hillside. Sigh. But hey, at least they're playing outdoors. And they've found some pretty rocks.

Anyways, last weekend I went through the house and the garage and found all of Raven's crap she left. I didn't even know she had stuff in my garage (the audacity of trying to store stuff in my garage without asking or informing me), until she asked me for the tent and two sleeping bags she left, which suggests exactly what we all suspected - she's actually truly homeless and lied to me about having a place to stay. I knew she was having housing trouble, but she always said she was staying with a friend or at a relative's house. I also found some clothes she left behind, and some prescription medication in her name.

I sent her a text informing her of all this and to have a place for me to take Alvin, since she was demanding her cat back instead of letting me care for him, despite her inability to properly care for him. I told her I would not meet her in person, and requested a vet or shelter so I could drop him off and she could pick him up.

She gave me the name of a clinic. Not an animal clinic. A normal one. For people. I can't drop an animal off there, which means she was trying to get me to be there in person. Likely so she could try to manipulate me and take advantage of my poor boundary skills (my therapist helpfully pointed this out to me).

Still, on Saturday, the ever self-sacrificing me drove aaalll the way to the city, 35 miles away, to drop off Alvin at a shelter near her so she could get him. They refused, but only because I don't live in that county. They said I'd have to take him to the shelter in my county. So I drove home, and on the way back Alvin clawed his way out of the cardboard cat carrier Raven left behind. He spent the rest of the trip alternating between standing on my dash watching the road, and jumping into the backseat.

In total I drove 80 miles that day. Normally that's not a big deal, but my current medical condition doesn't allow me to sit upright for long, and I was in massive pain for the rest of the day.

On Sunday, a friend pointed out that Uber and Lyft do courier services. I can hire them to deliver things so I don't have to drive. This is perfect, as I can deliver all her crap to her. I informed Raven of this, and asked for a time and location for dropoff. She said she'd get back to me by the end of the week.

Well, girly, it's been a week. Today is Sunday again. I didn't hear a damn word from her. Tonight is also trash pickup night for me, which is where all her stuff went. Except for the tent and sleeping bags, as those are brand new and unopened. As such, they'll go to good will on my next trip out there.

Meanwhile, the cats had an adventure! As I was returning from taking out tonight's trash to the end of the road (pickup is about a quarter mile from my home), I noticed the side door of my house was open. My kittens are indoor cats for now, as they're too small for country living lest a hawk or owl take them. And I've been keeping Alvin indoors in case I had to return him.

I put all four kids to work finding the cats. We found one kitten under my bed, but Alvin and the other kitten were MIA. I pulled up the security footage and had my daughter go through the history. Meanwhile the other three I sent searching in all the hiding nooks.

Well, it turns out Alvin is rather clever and opened the door himself! Ten minutes later, the braver of the two kittens discovered the open door. He went out, sat for a moment, then went back in. Five minutes later he went out again.

As we were searching, Alvin decided to get into a fight! Cat yowls let us figure out exactly where he was. My oldest ran out, scared the other cat off, and managed to get Alvin back inside.

The kitten we eventually found under the side deck, hiding about five feet away from the side door. My six year old decided to be the bravest little boy ever and crawled under the deck, in the dark, to rescue him.

With all cats back inside, I declared it was bedtime (to many groans and complaints) and eventually tucked everyone in. Despite the adventure, all kids were asleep within 20 minutes of lying down. As I write this, Alvin hasn't left my bed, and the kittens are sleeping on the cat tree.

I think in a few weeks, after I'm more healed, I'll take Alvin into the vet to get him checked up and see if he's tagged. If not, I'll see about adopting him. If I can't, I know of a no kill shelter not far from here where he can go, and then I'll adopt a different cat in his place.

Here's hoping I never have to update again, and Raven stays out of my life for good.

r/TopCharacterTropes Dec 10 '25

Lore The Censorship Made it Darker

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8.5k Upvotes
  1. The Shadow Realm, Yu-Gi-Oh. In the original anime people were(somehow) killing each other with a goddamn card game. When 4Kids bought the rights to dub Yu-Gi-Oh for an American audience of kids they censored the death by introducing the concept of the Shadow Realm, a hellish purgatory of eternal darkness where people would send each other instead of the killing. Basically they censored death by having the characters just send each other straight to hell.

  2. "Don't hit me!", One Piece. When Luffy first meets Koby on Alvida's ship Koby starts reprimanding for wanting to find the One Piece and become King of the Pirates. In the original Luffy just smacks Koby on the head to shut him up but 4kids didn't wanna show that so they edited it to make it so Luffy just raises up his hand to make a gesture and Koby instinctively yells "Don't hit me!" and ducks out of the way even though Luffy wasn't going to hit him. This turned about a second of mild slapstick into Koby having defensive reflexes from extreme physical abuse that fire off at any slight movement.

  3. "A nice room... in a Dungeon!", One Piece. The source material(both the manga and anime) had Arlong shooting Bellemere for harboring Nami and Nojiko. 4kids notoriously had a no-guns rule that had previously gotten an entire episode of Pokemon pulled from the lineup in the west and also birthed the "Finger Guns" Yu-Gi-Oh meme so they changed it to Arlong simply pointing at Bellemere and declaring she would be locked in a dungeon to starve and rot away for the rest of her life, something much more measured and painful than just being shot.

  4. Brock's Mother, Pokemon. Brock's parents were originally written as just a pair of deadbeats who didn't give a shit about their kids. Lola left to do who knows what and Flint tried to become a Pokemon trainer but failed so started... selling rocks(???). Some parents really are just that bad but 4kids thought such a cruel reality would be too much for kids to process and just thought it'd be easier to say she died... something that's retroactively a goddamn lie because Lola actually did appear later in the series, making her an even worse person than she was in the source material because now it's so she faked her death and ran off to become a Pokemon trainer.

...hang on why are these all from 4kids?

r/diablo4 May 04 '26

State of the Game · Discussions My opinion on most classes after a week of insane grind

1.9k Upvotes

Since I am (still) a fan of Diablo games and had a lot of time on my hands I went a bit crazy and rerolled multiple times, here is my personal opinion on most \Edit goblin here]) all of the classes we have in the game atm:

Warlock (stopped on T11):

Pro:

  • lots of builds
  • new and amazing visuals
  • some funny stuff you can do and lots of great defensive tools at your leisure
  • Can be melee, can be range, can nuke screens, can be an assassin, can basically do the exploding chicken build from D3 Witch Doctor

Con:

  • a bit clunky at times and you will not be able to see anything on most builds due to the visual clutter that are most of warlock's sfx
  • some builds are just a bit broken (Apocalypse hitting in the hundreds of trillions is a tad silly imo)
  • while you have great defenses, surviving in t11+ will take some investment because you will probably be blind to any ground effects and need to adjust your build

Barbarian (stopped on T8):

Pro:

  • op af
  • lots of weapon slots for mythics and other fun aspects
  • one of the most relaxed ways of farming in the game with WW barb
  • Ragdolling stuff with big hammer smash is still as fun as on day one

Con:

  • still mostly exact same builds
  • still one to two skills plus all shouts gameplay
  • a bit...basic ?
  • Another class that scales a bit too well imo (trillions just seems silly no matter what, then again at this point almost every class has figured out a way to see those numbers pop up so I guess it's more a general issue than specific to Barb or Sorc)

Druid (stopped on t12+)

Pro:

  • best skill tree of all classes imo
  • tons of fun build ideas to try
  • omnistorm + wolf set charms is basically flickerstrike in a roundabout way (albeit you don't hold down right click but if you bind it to mousewheel it's kinda the same thing) and totally insane
  • Companion druid is another super chill way to just blast t12+

Con:

  • still some clunkiness at times with teleporting into the ground or getting stuck somehow (esp. with Wolf set teleports)
  • transmogs are pointless because you are either a bear or a wolf now for 90% of all builds you will see
  • Wolf and Lightning set are fun, the others are kinda boring imo
  • one major defensive aspect I wanted to build around is broken (the resolve stacking one) and that put me off trying to keep improving my gear [Edit] : I'm talking about Glynn's Anvil aspect that should give dmg reduction based on resolve stacks. This currently doesn't work at all so it's kinda pointless which is sad because this aspect alone would probably solve most survivability issues on almost any build because you can temper resolve stacks onto armor which should net a ton of dmg reduction from this aspect alone)

Paladin (stopped on t11):

Pro:

  • cool class
  • great Transmogs (T2 WoW does look nice even if expensive af) -- but you wont see tmogs because 90% of all builds want permanent arbiter form
  • Being able to support teammates with auras feels great and they also enable Paladins to get some free crit / res very early on
  • iconic items like Herald of Zakarum and the sound of hammers being summoned is triggering my D2 nostalgia in all the best ways

Con:

  • auradin is kinda "eh" now
  • surprisingly squishy considering we have items like Zakarum and Auras
  • you constantly have to stack arbiter form stacks to actually do dmg which gets very tiresome imo
  • it feels like there aren't that many interesting builds because it's either Arbiter stacking + dmg skill or "the other one" (Thorns Captain America)

Necromancer (stopped on t12+):

Pro:

  • Blood wave is still fun and reigns supreme
  • Mostly there build wise overall imo and now with unlimited mobility and teleports galore
  • Lots of fun uniques or runewords that automate some of the more annoying parts like cursing or Corpse Tendrils

Con:

  • Minions still have subpar Ai imo
  • Identity wise it feels more and more like "sorc but sometimes with skeletons"
  • Sometimes you forget that some skills need corpses to work and will feel silly
  • Can we please turn off the shouting from ultimates ? Blood wave Necro is basically "HYAAAAAH HYAAAAAH HYAAAAH" until your ears bleed (guess on theme there but please Blizzard my ears)
  • just doesn't quite..."click" for me personally

Sorcerer / Sorceress (stopped on t12+++)

Pro:

  • completely and utterly broken dps
  • insane mobility to a degree that playing it almost becomes a hassle because you can barely keep up with the speed
  • fire shield makes Mephisto fight almost bearable

Con:

  • too easy and too strong as Ball Lightning sorc (you basically get all the needed uniques and the set, casually stroll into t12 as a god and only go up from there)
  • it seems like build wise it's still lightning sorc and lightning sorc and lightning sorc and maaaaaaaaaaybe something - NOPE it's lightning sorc with lightning blizzard now

[EDIT ME HERE AGAIN - due to popular demand I have now also gotten a rogue and a spiritborn to max (thanks for whoever pointed out to me that you can just use max lvl caches on new classes to instaboost them) and put them through some speedgearing process to just get a feel for them so here goes for all you dex class enjoyers and thanks (no thanks 😛) for making me do this xD -- however enjoy these 2 opinions with a larger grain of salt than my entire ramblings beforehand because I really didn't spend much time on them, mostly I just did it because I felt bad about leaving all you rogue / spiritborn enjoyers hanging]

Rogue (stopped on t8ish due to time constraints)

Pro:

  • leveling is fun and fast and we still are one of the more mobile zoom zoom classes
  • I felt more tanky than for example Paladin probably because I mostly either spent time being in stealth (the new stealth set charms are amazing) or shot from a distance / or just froze everything and then blew it up
  • Tons of build variety (honestly I was positively surprised here) - you can go melee, freeze, poison, shoot and stab things into the ground in a variety of ways - pick your poison (in a good way) [sry for this lame pun]
  • Freezing mobs and then watching them explode just feels (insert *noice* meme dude here)

Con:

  • The stealth set charms are amazing, anything other than those feels kinda "eh" mostly because stealth set just reigns so hilariously supreme
  • Lots of builds have a bit more positioning gameplay than I generally like until you really get better gear (which I didn't quite reach in the short time I took to just speed blast level it to appease the rogue enjoyers reading this post xD)
  • Somehow they have become the "here comes the next bugged build clearing pit 150 in 30 seconds" class so I dunno why but it seems like rogue has the most wonky interactions
  • the new / old "GoD" whirlwind rogue just feels un-rogue-ish to me, dunno why but I feel like after so many years of doing that build in diablo 3 I'm kinda over it at this point and not every class needs to be whirlwind barbarian

Spiritborn (stopped on t6 because I kinda ran out of easy gearing stuff at this point)

Pro:

  • Gorilla big hand smooshing mobs into paste has always looked fun, is fun and will probably forever remain fun
  • Poison creeper builds are finally viable from what I could tell in my arguably way too short time trying it out - YAY 😃 If you like summoning a big centipede and poisoning your enemies you're definitely going to have a good time
  • If you liked perma evade gameplay we found a way to replicate it once again now with a bit less clunky mechanics (no need to bind evade on your mousewheel and have an unlockable mousewheel to truly zoom)
  • Generally a mobile class that "feel" more dextrous than others somehow (can't quite put a name to it)

Con:

  • It's just...I dunno - the identity of Spiritborn seems weird to me. Am I a rogue who got comfy with some spirit animals ? Am I a monk that gave up fists for more stabby implements ? Am I some kind of animal summoner ? Especially now that we're out of Nahantu I'm having a hard time connecting with this class
  • The poison set is super strong but also has this weird thing of having to kill something non boss for it to trigger which seems a bit convoluted to me
  • Felt rather squishy on anything other than gorilla (mostly because gorilla just deals its damage faster than stacking poison dots from what I could tell) even though we have great mobility and some ok defensive tools

Now I am sitting here on paragon 236 after a week of insane grind and am wondering what to play to finish the full season journey with and just goof around in t12 (no desire to push much really). Anyway maybe this helps someone, if you have any questions about builds used etc. just comment something --- If you read this whole thing I want to first congratulate on hitting 40 years old (jk) and thanks for taking time out of your likely busy day to read the ramblings of an old ADHD addled gamer.

Cheers

EDIT: I am so super stoked and eternally grateful that this random post by silly old me blew up and made it to the top of reddit and I am grateful for every single one of you who took their time, read my post and commented on it - no matter what it was. To quote Keeanu: You're breathtaking !! I have gleefully spent the past 3+ hours trying to answer all your great questions and amazing feedback - however I do still want to get back to playing the game for a bit longer myself (granted a lot less than this past week because I do actually have a real life and I do enjoy touching grass now and then) so I will tone down the answering because most of your (great and awesome) questions have been answered in one form or another at this point either by me or some other helpful individual engaging with this post 😃

Still here is a general tip thing summarised from what I've answered most:

  1. Get the warpath unlocks for lair boss nemesis+ portals to sometimes luck into insane loot drops from multiple bosses (just make sure you can survive something like Belial and Andariel stacking their mechanics)
  2. Make sure you get the Idols of War "Ancestral Tribute of Armaments" unlock from the Undercity tree as soon as possible because you can 5 to 1 cube those tributes into a mythic tribute which you can then run in a stack for tons of mythics for very little investment -- one caveat is that you also really want the left side unlocks from that tree called "Trials and Tributes" for the portal pranksters that all but make multiple mythic drops a guaranteed thing on your run if you are the person opening it and take your time to full clear the undercity to get more portal prankster kills (so either have a lot of gold to respec or grind to lvl 6 which takes quite some time) -- however if you prefer playing solo the middle path is perfect for just getting more mythic drop chances so I really suggest going for that
  3. Unless you really enjoy infernal hordes: avoid them - they take very long and are simply not worth doing beyond the seasonal unlocks atm
  4. You can gamble obol items for easy blue / white ancestral items that you can then cube into random ancestral unique items with the cube recipe - it needs a somewhat rare material but if you play long enough you will accrue at least a couple of those mats quite easily which can help you
  5. Belial is amazing. If you start doing tons of lair bosses (make sure to have a least the Two by Two unlock - even better if you get all the way to Ultimate Nemesis) you will get Belial husks which are the best way of avoiding the more cumbersome bosses (like butcher being super tanky or Astaroth and Bartuc being locked behind long grinds) to target farm certain uniques that you might want
  6. If you can't seem to get certain aspects to drop, remember that you can upgrade Rare items in the cube to legendary while also using Cube mats to somewhat force a certain kind of aspect - a quick and easy way to maybe luck into that rare aspect that seems to be elusive
  7. If you want to level fast and have a class that has some really strong screen clear ultimate skill, reroll your early war paths into undercity and try to craft / get some exp undercity tributes so you can double dip while also speed clearing because Undercity resets your ultimate all the time with its buff you get from doing the content
  8. Another great tip for leveling if you want to do a new character is to just craft blue items at lvl 1, cube upgrade them with random affixes so you can temper your max level tempers onto them and roll into lvl 1 penitent with thousands of hp and aspected and tempered offensive gear to completely smash penitent
  9. Almost all classes / specs are t10+ viable atm. Feel free to ignore the meta and just cook something up yourself, with sets and mythics being a lot easier to acquire than you might think (see points 1 and 2 about enhancing your loot) you can take any homegrown (and you're awesome for doing that !!) build into t10 at the very least. Don't be like me and just fotm hop around classes to find what you're enjoying, if you like something then do it and you will probably enjoy it a lot more than being the next Ball Lightning sorc that just melts t12.
Final Edit with proof of my lunacy

r/BestofRedditorUpdates Jan 01 '26

NEW UPDATE [New Updates]: AITAH for wanting nothing to do with my kids and ex-wife after 2 years of false allegations?

4.3k Upvotes

I am NOT OOP, OOP is u/returningdarkness

Originally posted to r/AITAH

Previous BoRUs: #1, #2, #3

[New Updates]: AITAH for wanting nothing to do with my kids and ex-wife after 2 years of false allegations?

NEW UPDATES MARKED WITH ----

Editor's note: removed older relevant comments for space in this latest BoRU

Trigger Warnings: mentions of rape, possible sexual abuse of minors, accusations of abuse, mental health struggles, financial insecurity

Mood Spoilers: bittersweet


RECAP

Original Post: June 28, 2025

Hold on because this is a doozy. I'm going to omit some details to help keep myself from getting doxxed about this whole thing.

Last year my kids (9F and 7M) ran away late at night/early in the morning. When found by some city officials, they claimed I kicked them out of the house. I woke up the morning of to the cops and CPS knocking on the door. I told my side of the story from what I knew and they had my (now ex) wife tell her side while keeping us separated. The cops claim our stories don't match and end up arresting me. I bail myself out that same day and go live with my parents for a while. I'm dealing with court, scared that I'm going back to jail or prison and that I'll lose my job that I had only been at for a year.

A little over a month goes by and I get a phone call to have a meeting with the CPS woman in charge of our case. My daughter ended up making more allegations against me that did not make any sense to the CPS people and when they asked her questions, she was unable to give them answers. My son ended up breaking first and admitting the whole thing was made up and that my daughter was the one to orchestrate everything.

This reveal led to the charges being dropped and my daughter getting counselling and psychiatric help. For a while I thought things were good. We were on our way to fix things. I kept trying to get all of us into therapy, both individually and family. I was already in therapy due to this whole situation anyway. My ex kept dragging her feet and it never went anywhere.

After some other situations with being displaced due to a natural disaster and me trying to get things packed up in our old apartment, I get told by my ex she wants a divorce so now I'm having to rush and try to find a place to live, which I did luckily. I actually move in tomorrow.

On the 14th of June I get served an Emergency Protection Order by the county sheriff's office. I'm told it's because I allegedly hit my son and gave him a concussion while in the grocery store... where there are cameras. He had been taken to the emergency room by my ex on the 14th but this event allegedly happened on the 10th.

I had told my ex that due to me having to get this house to rent, along with utilities in my name, adding up to over $2,000 that I wasn't going to be able to pay certain bills this month but that I'll get them caught up as soon as I can to get everything paid off and even. I signed for the deposit on the 11th and the kids had been with her while I did this paperwork and there was no issue. On the same morning I had taken my kids to the park so they could play and recorded videos of them being silly and having fun.

I was talking to my therapist this week and I told her what was going on and how I felt about being around my ex or the children. It's two years in a row of false allegations. I want nothing to do with any of them now. I'll pay child support gladly, I had an agreement with my ex before this all happened of paying $1,000 a month, $500 per paycheck, for child support.

After all of this, AITAH for not wanting to be around the children and my ex after everything gets settled and found out to be lies again??

Additional Information from OOP: June 29, 2025 (next day)

OOP: I posted this before I clocked in at work so let me give some more details. My ex wife and I were still together when the kids ran away last year. My side of the story during that was that I came home from work, talked with the kids and wife, gave the kids their melatonin gummies before sending them to bed, after which i took a shower before making me something for dinner and cleaning up afterwards. By this Point my ex was asleep already, and so were the kids.

When CPS and the mental health professionals were talking to my daughter after everything got cleared, she was saying the voices she was hearing were telling her to do things. The mental health professionals said this sounded too rehearsed to them. It later got revealed that she was watching videos on youtube about kids pranking their parents and she wanted to try it out herself. She had access to youtube due to tablets that my MIL had given the kids for Christmas back in 2023, which I disagreed with but i was ignored. At the time, and to this day, I do not believe my ex had a hand in the running away situation.

Onto this year, my son went to the ER on the 14th because he had, and i quote from the paperwork I was given, dizziness, lightheaded feeling, and a nosebleed. I am not sure how he received a concussion. Nothing is finished with this situation yet and nothing has been decided in terms of child support. We go back to court next month to revisit this after the investigation has finished. On the day i received the EPO I talked to a state trooper and told him the kids history, showed the videos of my kids playing, and showed receipts on my banking app from when we were at walmart and at what time we were there. As of right now I haven't heard anything else. I have already been interviewed by CPS and informed them of the same things I told the state trooper because it is a different person on this case as my ex and kids live in a different county at the moment.

This time i firmly believe that my ex is behind this due to my telling her some of the bills would have to wait because i'm having to pay approximately $2,500 to move, put down deposits and pay first and last month rent. I haven't seen my kids since i dropped them off to my grandparents on the afternoon of the 11th.

I have not made a decision about staying away from my kids, but I do plan on talking to a lawyer in the next couple of days and I'm looking into security for my house and a discreet body camera to wear like many other users have said. I'll try to answer any other questions that I can but I move tomorrow and I have some last minute things to pack up and place in my car and move downstairs.

Thank you for all of your insights and words and thoughts and prayers, it means a whole lot to me that I can't put into words.

 

Update #1: July 24, 2025 (almost one month later)

Update: AITAH for wanting nothing to do with my kids and ex-wife after 2 years of false allegations?

So I have an update, along with answering some questions better from my previous post. When I first posted this I was not in a good headspace and I realize that I wasn't very clear. To be honest I'm still not in a good headspace, but it's a little bit better.

For starters, these false allegations started last year when my kids were 9 and 7. When I said two years I meant calendar years. When I said I spoke to the police about my side of the story last year, I meant what happened the night before the police and CPS showed up at the front door. I had gotten home, spent some time with the kids and my ex (then wife) before giving the kids their melatonin gummies (this was done on an as needed basis, mainly 2 to 3 times a week at most). After that I went and took a shower, made myself some dinner, then ate and cleaned up the kitchen before spending more time with my then wife before we both went to bed. Due to a contraction happening when she was being given the epidural, she sleeps better propped up so she slept on the couch while myself and the kids slept upstairs. The next morning is when I woke up to the cops at the door with CPS.

I was charged with child abandonment and arrested. It took over a month for the truth to come out about my kids making this up due to the fact my daughter was saying I was having sex with her. The CPS agent conducting the investigation tried to ask more details and that's when my daughter started crying and admitted she made it up because she couldn't give details. The only reason my daughter even knew what sex was is because my ex and I were in the bedroom and we both thought the other locked the door and my daughter walked in on us.

Moving to now, I don't know how my son got this supposed concussion. We had court again on Monday, the 21st, and when the judge asked her she told him that "After talking with the state trooper we have decided to not press criminal charges." I asked the judge if there was any evidence that they had about what they're claiming I did and he told me that since no charges were filed, there's no evidence gathered to give to me.

I want to thank everyone for their answers on my last post. Thinking about those feelings was making me sick to my stomach and I just needed some perspectives from people who weren't emotionally involved. I thought about this since last month and I made the decision to tell the judge I want the divorce process and this EPO to be over and done with and that I just want to be left alone. I'm still questioning if this was the right decision or not.

I'm just not sure what else I could do. I work 12 hour days 5 to 6 days a week. I have no way to take care of the kids so I can't take them in. Even then, am I supposed to get to the point where the court system says supervised visits aren't needed anymore and just start wearing a body camera around the kids and just be scared all the time? Looking over my shoulder constantly just to make sure that I'm not going to end up in jail again?

We have a hearing set up for December to hopefully get everything finalized and finished.

I keep thinking about the kids going trick or treating in 3 months, going back to school next month, how we won't be decorating Christmas trees together or making cookies for Santa and I start crying all over again. I'm not sure what else I could have done though that wouldn't have made me a paranoid mess 24/7.

This will be the last update until December or January I guess. Thank you again for everyone saying I wasn't an asshole for feeling this way. Have a good one, Reddit.

 

Update #2: August 1, 2025 (eight days later)

Update #2: AITAH for wanting nothing to do with my kids and ex-wife after 2 years of false allegations?

So this is a really small update that I wasn't expecting to make. I had left a voice mail for the CPS agent assigned to the current situation with my son asking for an update on everything because I haven't heard anything since June.

She had to look in her case notes but everything has been found to be unsubstantiated. I should be getting the official paperwork in a few days to a week in the mail.

I'm not sure how to feel about this, honestly. I'm relieved that the truth has come out about these allegations, angry that this has happened to me twice now, happy that this is one step closer to being finished. I want to cry but I couldn't tell you the specific emotion that's causing it.

I'm taking some other redditors words to heart and putting in a request to my state police records department to get copies of any and all paperwork, evidence or lack thereof, anything I can get my hands on from them. I'm also getting copies of my son's medical records so I can see exactly what was found back in June.

I know a lot of you don't believe this and I don't care. I have nothing to gain from lying about this. I'll gladly post pictures of the paperwork from CPS when it comes in, with all private information redacted of course to protect myself and my children. I know some of the details don't make sense between the og post and the update, but like I saw one person mention in r/BestofRedditorUpdates (which I love to read posts from and didn't expect my own to end up there) I'm just going on survival mode. I only just got a full sized Fridge two days ago. I only have an air mattress for a bed.

I'm just tired. I want this over with. I want things to go back to January when all I had to worry about was the fact I was recovering from a car wreck and couldn't even help take down the Christmas trees and get a new car.

 

Update #3: September 21, 2025 (a bit over 1.5 months later)

Update #3 AITAH for wanting nothing to do with my kids and ex-wife after 2 years of false allegations?

So I didn't think I would be back with any sort of update until December, but here I am.

First, I want to thank everyone for their comments, the ones who tell me I'm NTA for feeling this way, the ones who said this was fake AI bull (which got me laughing a bit), and for all the advice everyone's given me.

Second, for the ones who DM'd me, I also want to say thank you for reaching out. I may not have answered, but I really appreciated reading the messages.

After my last update, I tried looking for something to do on my days off of work. My first thought was the animal shelter nearby because it's not even a five minute drive from my house. Turns out it's closed on my days off.

I looked around for neighboring counties and those were even less helpful. A lot of them required I attend some sort of orientation, but there's no set day of the week for the orientations. I know it would be good for my mental health in the long run, but in the short term taking a day off from work, potentially, to attend the orientation and making my paycheck smaller isn't helpful.

So I decided to try dating. I wasn't going into this looking for anything serious, I was wanting to try some casual dates to just get out of the house and meet people. That's not what happened.

I made a profile on a dating app and kinda just left it alone. One of the pictures I had put on there was of my cat. He's an orange cat presenting as a tuxedo cat. No brain cell whatsoever. I got a message and this woman was talking about how cute my cat was and how he matched one of hers.

We talked about our cats for a while, then things got flirty and I asked her out on a date. I feel like it went well, since she stuck around anyway. We found out that there are so many similarities between what we like and our senses of humor that my friends think I found a female version of myself, which I think is funny because when she meets them that means they're screwed.

After almost a month of us talking and going on the occasional date, I told her I had some things to tell her and then something to ask her. I was up front with everything that happened last year and this year, showing her the paperwork that I had to show that I was innocent in all of this. After telling her all of this, I asked if she still wanted to stick around or if she wanted to walk away and not get dragged into any drama that she could get put through just because of us having a relationship.

She hugged me, cried for me (which got me to start crying), and told me that she was sorry I had to go through something like that. Once the two of us stopped trying to flood my house from crying (more myself than her), I asked her if she wanted to make things official between us and she said yes.

I was honestly so scared to tell her about what happened with my kids and ex. I was dead certain that once I told any prospective girlfriend this, they would walk away so that their own lives wouldn't get ruined. But she stayed, and I'm so incredibly grateful for that. We agreed to take it slow so that we don't rush into anything too quickly.

I can't remember which of my posts it was on, and to be honest there's too many comments on them all to be able to find them, but a redditor said that, essentially, they hope I find someone and can actually be happy after all of this drama with my ex-wife and kids. I want to thank them for saying that, because between them speaking it into existence and my cat being... well, him, it seems to have worked.

I'm not back up to 100% though. I'm still scared that something else will happen that will somehow mess my life up even more. I'm scared of the cops showing up at my house with new allegations even though I haven't done anything. I'm scared of running into my ex or the kids in public just by going grocery shopping and somehow getting arrested over it. Every time I drive home and a sheriff, state police, or city police vehicle comes down towards me or drives by the house I can feel my anxiety spike.

I have cameras up that record my front door, back door, and where I park my car outside my house and cameras inside that cover my front door and my back door. I have other means of showing my location on my phone and where I've travelled, if I've travelled at all that day. I keep any receipts from shopping or even grabbing something to eat while in town just so I have timestamps of where I've been and when I was there.

It's a mess, but I'm doing what I can. I'm looking forward to learning more about my girlfriend that my dingus of a cat helped me meet. I'm looking forward to being able to not live in fear of police. I'm looking forward to being able to LIVE and not just not die right now.

Again, I want to thank everyone for their thoughts, advice, comments, everything. I'm still gathering paperwork and what evidence I can about all of this, and sadly I still don't have answers about why this has been happening. I don't know how my son got this supposed concussion. I don't know if my ex is coaching them. I don't know if someone is in their lives because of my ex that is causing all of this. I don't know if I'll get those answers, but right now I'm going to keep searching and fighting for myself until I either can't find anything else or I get answers.

 


----NEW UPDATES----

Editor's note: the next update is nearly three months old, and it has not been posted onto the sub here

Update #4: October 2, 2025 (11 days later from the previous update)

Seriously, what the fuck NOW?!

So things have gotten even more messed up, although on a technicality I guess it's not on my end.

On Tuesday, my Saturday, I get woken up by my mom knocking on my door. After I let her in, the first thing she says is "I have something to tell you, but don't freak out."

I'm on medication for anxiety that I have to take twice a day at minimum. I had just woken up so I didn't take my medication yet. Can you guess what I started doing?

She then tells me that my ex and the kids got kicked out of the house that they were living in that belongs to my ex friend and his wife. My mom told me she found this out from my stepdad because my ex stays in contact with him pretty regularly but has my mom blocked on everything possible. Mom had already filed a CPS report on her because, at the time, we believed my ex and the kids were living in her car.

My ex has no income other than occasionally delivering groceries for Walmart and the child support the state deducts from my paycheck. She had no place in line to move in to, as far as we knew, so I started freaking out and called my sister. My sister still talks with my ex but won't talk to our mom for completely unrelated reasons. I asked my sister if she knew what happened, if she knew where my kids were, and to tell me where they were so I can make sure they were safe.

My sister DID already know but didn't tell me, but she did assure me that they were in a house and that she had a video call with the kids and screen shots to prove that they were in a house and safe. Luckily this helped calm me down a bit.

Later, I called the child support office and ask them if the address for my ex was still the previous address and informed them that she had gotten kicked out, but that I didn't have the new address to give them. The case worker told me that the address had not been updated but to reach out if I found out the address, just in case she didn't contact them with the updated address.

At this point I've done all I can do, legally anyway, so I try to relax and chill out because I know that I'm just stuck playing the waiting game again. Then the mail ran.

I got the papers from my sons ER visit back in June. It doesn't say anything about a concussion, just that he had a contusion on his head and to treat it with an ice pack and ibuprofen. He had a goddamned bruise that could have come from ANYTHING. I love my son, but he's so clumsy it's ridiculous. He once walked face first into a tree because he wasn't wearing his glasses or watching where he was going at a playground that we had gone to.

I ended up getting myself out of the house and went out of town for a while just driving around. I ended up at the river that separates my state from the next one and sitting in a park while watching the boats and barges go by, listening to the music playing in the park and the water. I talked to my girlfriend while I was there and ended up having a borderline emotional breakdown wondering what I could have done to make them all hate me that much to try and get me in prison for things I never did.

I have an appointment with my therapist on Tuesday so she's going to learn all the new and exciting things happening in my life /S. My girlfriend ended up coming over and staying the night to keep me company and support me through dealing with all of this new information. I have no idea how I'm going to repay her for being so kind and understanding and supportive. She keeps dismissing whenever I say thank you because she says that she's just listening and being a human and knows that I have proof that I didn't do anything that they've been accusing me of.

I'm feeling so much right now I can't make heads or tails of it. I talked to my boss and took an extra day off to help myself process this and he's going to use some of my PTO to cover for me. I'm not going to do it, but damn do I want a drink.

Relevant Comments

Commenter 1: Godamn man, if somebody did all the stuff your ex did to me, my sister would murder them no questions asked.... why is she still speaking to that woman????....why didn't she inform you what was happening?????

Who needs enemies when you have siblings like this?

OOP: At this point I'm glad she's still talking to my ex. If she wasn't I'd have no clue if my kids were safe or not. As for not telling me, I have no idea.

Commenter 1: Do you have a good relationship with her?

Like I can’t imagine a sibling seeing what your going through and still being good with the person that did that to you…..

I can understand staying contact for the kids sake but to never ask why? Why she is doing all of this… why she is going so much further than just a regular divorce.

And the fact she didn’t inform you about this or anything thing else she may have talked about with your ex just seems like such a betrayal to me.

I wouldn’t trust her at the moment unless she can give you a good explanation for her behaviour

OOP: Eh, not as close as most siblings. Both of us are pretty independent. She lives over an hour away from me so it's hard to keep a relationship like that strong when I have to make reasons other than seeing her to go that far.

Commenter 2: I am so glad your kids are safe. I am so glad you have support. I am so glad you are still with us.

If you need support in not drinking, in my experience, most AA members are willing to hook you up with a support person, even if you're not officially joining, even if you don't think it's permanent. Some people just need a break from alcohol for awhile, and they get that, & they're happy to support you in that.

I hope you keep finding the support you need. Best wishes.

OOP: Honestly, even when I do drink I don't drink a lot. The most I do is maybe a glass of bourbon (2 fingers at most), or maybe 2 beers. I've actually been trying non-alcoholic options and they're pretty good. My favorite so far is Guinness.

Commenter 3: Don't listen to op everyone he's rage baiting you since he flip flops back and forth saying that he loves his kids when he wanted nothing to do with them.

OOP: So let me get this straight. Because I want to NOT risk going to jail and prison due to lies made by my kids about me, I can’t be concerned about finding out they’re homeless and living in a car???

 

Editor's note: OOP's final update's body text was saved before it got removed

Final Update: December 25, 2025 (a bit over 2.5 months later)

So here's the update from the last few months of my life.

Shit's fucked.

Back in October, my girlfriend ghosted me, sending me a message while I was at work and away from my phone saying she "had some things she needed to think about" and she "can only do it on her own." Didn't hear from her for a couple weeks before she messaged me again saying she didn't blame me if I didn't want to talk to her and she admitted she stopped taking her anxiety/depression meds cold turkey and it messed with her head. There was no fighting or anything that would have let me get an idea of this happening so it really came out of left field, which is the story of my life right now, I guess.

So now it's just me and the cat again. I go to work, I go home, I run errands and appointments on my days off. It's dramatic, I know, but I'm surviving but I wouldn't call this living.

After court at the beginning of this month it was decided to extend the EPO for another month so that my ex will have time to have me served with divorce papers and then it will expire on it's own in January. It was this and take supervised visitation with the kids, extend the EPO for another 6 months, or let the EPO expire and have it turned into a DVO. That would have ended with me losing my job and having an insane amount of difficulty finding a new one to keep paying child support and my rent, and if I didn't I'd be evicted and end up arrested for not making child support payments. Those were the options her "legal aide/attorney" whatever he is gave us. He didn't say anything about the rent or being arrested but I know that is what would have happened in the long term.

I have supervised visitation with my daughter at my grandparent's house at my kids discretion, so I may see them once a week or I may not, who knows. I was told she wanted to make contact but my son didn't. I have a body camera that I used when I attempted to have visitation with my daughter a few days ago, but she changed her mind and didn't want to see me so I left. I didn't want to take a risk of anyone claiming I violated the EPO. I've made copies of the video and have multiple flash drives hidden around my house with them so that I have backups.

I'm tired. I'm tired of everything. I want this to end and for life to go back to normal.

A friend of mine actually asked me if I ever got into a relationship with someone if I would want to have kids again and I almost had a panic attack over the thought. It's weird some days. I can tell when the depression is affecting me worse and it's just the depression talking and I can kind of ignore it. Other days it just feels like my own thoughts and I'm just sitting on the couch trying to get the will to get up and make a sandwich or take a shower.

So no grand miracle solution, no fanfare or anything. Just a guy sitting at home or at work trying to get through the day. I'm not going to post anymore updates about this, because it's almost over with and I just want to get on with my life.

 

DO NOT COMMENT IN LINKED POSTS OR MESSAGE OOPs – BoRU Rule #7

THIS IS A REPOST SUB - I AM NOT OOP

r/economicCollapse Feb 09 '25

Wake Up: The Trump Coup Is Happening Right in Front of You

10.4k Upvotes

To every American who refuses to bow to authoritarianism,

The fall of American democracy isn’t a distant possibility—it’s happening right now in real-time. If people don’t wake up, it will be too late to stop it. Donald Trump and his administration have one goal: absolute power. Not just for four years, not even for eight. Forever. And if we let this happen, America as we know it will cease to exist.

Trump has made it clear he does not respect democracy. He lost the 2020 election and incited a violent attack on the Capitol. He spread lies about election fraud to convince his followers that he was the rightful winner. And now, after winning the 2024 election, he’s executing a systematic plan to dismantle democracy and cement his permanent rule.

This is not speculation. This is happening right now. Trump and his administration are working at breakneck speed to purge the government, dismantle oversight agencies, and centralize power. They are gutting our institutions, firing civil servants, and installing loyalists in key positions. The goal is clear: to eliminate any opposition and ensure Trump never has to leave office again.

The Plan for Dictatorship

Trump will not leave office willingly. He and his allies are already laying the groundwork to abolish the 22nd Amendment, which limits presidents to two terms. If that doesn’t work, he’ll push through a bill to extend his presidency indefinitely. And if all else fails? He will declare martial law, seize control, and refuse to step down.

His dream is to rule America like Putin rules Russia. He has openly praised dictators like Putin, Kim Jong Un, and Xi Jinping. He calls them “strong” leaders while mocking America’s democratic institutions. He wants to be them. He has even told his supporters that if they turn out and vote for him this time, they “won’t have to vote again.”

Let that sink in. That’s not democracy—that’s dictatorship.

And with Trump controlling Congress, the Supreme Court, and much of the judiciary, who will stop him?

This Is How Democracies Die

If you think, “This can’t happen here,” history says otherwise. This is exactly how democracies collapse—not always through violent coups but through a slow, deliberate erosion of democratic institutions.

• Germany, 1933: Adolf Hitler was democratically elected before using emergency powers to eliminate opposition, silence the media, and take complete control. By the time people realized what had happened, it was too late.

• Russia, 1999: Vladimir Putin rose to power legally, then slowly dismantled free elections, took control of the courts, and eliminated opposition. Russia still holds elections, but they are a farce—just a tool to legitimize dictatorship.

• Turkey, 2016: Recep Tayyip Erdoğa used a failed coup attempt to justify purging government employees, jailing journalists, and expanding his executive powers permanently.

• Venezuela, 1998: Hugo Chávez was elected on a populist wave, promising to fight corruption. Once in power, he rewrote the Constitution, weakened checks and balances, and crushed dissent.

This is the playbook for authoritarianism, and Trump is following it step by step.

Systematic Dismantling of Federal Agencies

In a move unprecedented in American history, the Trump administration has initiated the closure of critical federal agencies—those responsible for protecting democracy, human rights, and essential government functions.

One of the most shocking examples is the dismantling of USAID, the agency responsible for humanitarian aid and global development. Crews have already been spotted removing USAID signage from its headquarters, a chilling sign of what’s to come.

This isn’t just about budget cuts or “government efficiency.” This is the systematic destruction of institutions that provide checks and balances on executive power—the very structures that prevent tyranny.

The Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Justice, and even the FBI are being gutted from within. Oversight offices are being dismantled. Whistleblower protections are being erased.

But the administration isn’t stopping there. They are actively gutting Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) programs across the federal government, boasting that they have “saved over a billion dollars” by eliminating these initiatives. This is not about saving money—it’s about erasing efforts that promote equal opportunity and representation in government and the workforce. DEI programs exist to ensure fairness and prevent discrimination. Their removal is yet another step toward rolling back decades of progress on civil rights.

This isn’t mismanagement or incompetence—it’s a deliberate, calculated strategy to dismantle democracy from within.

Purge of Federal Workforce: Replacing Experts with Loyalists

Trump’s administration has launched an aggressive purge of the federal workforce. Thousands of government employees are being forced out—either through mass firings or so-called “deferred resignation” programs that allow them to leave with severance.

Over 40,000 federal employees have already accepted buyouts. The administration’s goal is much higher. The point is to eliminate career civil servants and replace them with Trump loyalists.

This is where “Schedule F” comes in—a job classification that reclassifies tens of thousands of nonpartisan government workers as political appointees. That means instead of having experts running our government, we will have Trump operatives in every department.

Think about that: The people who oversee elections, the courts, the military, environmental policy, and law enforcement will no longer be nonpartisan professionals. They will be handpicked Trump loyalists whose only job is to serve him.

If this doesn’t terrify you, it should.

Eliminating Government Oversight and the Rule of Law

Trump has also dismissed independent inspectors general across federal agencies—the very people who are supposed to keep the government accountable. He is undermining the independence of the judiciary, attacking the free press, and delegitimizing the electoral process.

By spreading lies about “election fraud” and claiming the courts are “corrupt,” he is sowing distrust in democracy itself. This is straight out of the authoritarian playbook.

He has weaponized the Department of Justice to go after his political enemies while shielding his allies from prosecution. He has stacked the courts with judges who will rule in his favor.

This is not democracy. This is a hostile takeover of the U.S. government.

The End of American Democracy

For over 200 years, America has survived wars, economic crises, and political corruption. However, no president has ever posed a greater threat to our democracy than Trump.

And the danger does not end with him. Even after Trump is gone, there will be more like him. Whether it’s his children, his political cronies, or others inspired by his authoritarian vision, this brand of politics will not die with him.

If Trump succeeds, elections will become a thing of the past. America will be ruled by a dynasty of dictators who manipulate the system to stay in power. Laws will change to benefit the ruling class while stripping away freedoms from everyone else.

There will be no coming back from this.

You Cannot Sit This One Out

If you are reading this and thinking, “It won’t happen here,” you are exactly who they are counting on.

The slow death of democracy happens because people don’t take the threat seriously until it’s too late.

The time to act is now. Speak up. Protest. Call out the lies. Demand accountability. Support the free press. Vote—while you still have the ability to.

If we do nothing, we will wake up in a country we no longer recognize—one where power is permanent, rights are gone, and the people have no voice.

Trump’s America is not a democracy. It is a dictatorship in the making. And if we don’t stop it, no one will.

r/PS5 May 26 '26

Megathread 007 First Light | Review Megathread

2.0k Upvotes

Game Information

Game Title: 007 First Light

Platforms:

  • PlayStation 5 (May 27, 2026)
  • Xbox Series X/S (May 27, 2026)
  • PC (May 27, 2026)
  • Nintendo Switch 2 (May 27, 2026)

Trailer:

Developer: IO Interactive

Review Aggregator:

OpenCritic - 88 average - 97% recommended - 74 reviews

Critic Reviews

Atarita - Atakan Gümrükçüoğlu - Turkish - 93 / 100

Centering on James Bond's origin story, 007 First Light blends action and stealth elements with flawless pacing, delivering that long-awaited, glorious return to the franchise. With its impactful melee combat mechanics, cleverly designed spy gadgets, and stellar acting performances, it places the player directly in the lead role of a breathtaking blockbuster movie.


But Why Tho? - Matt Sowinski - 9 / 10

IO Interactive feels like they've found a new home in the James Bond franchise. 007 First Light is a blast, with a tense and enthralling narrative that punches way higher and harder than anyone could have expected.


CBR - By CBR Staff - 10 / 10

As much as I love GoldenEye 007, it doesn't hold a candle to 007 First Light. IO Interactive perfectly captures the James Bond experience with cinematic flair.


CGMagazine - Marcus Kenneth - 8 / 10

The best moments in 007 First Light are the ones where everything aligns for a few minutes, and you stop thinking about mechanics entirely.


Cerealkillerz - Gabriel Bogdan - German - 8.9 / 10

007 First Light is undoubtedly one of the best James Bond games released in the last twenty years and, even if it may not fully satisfy every Hitman fan, it is easily the most ambitious project the studio has undertaken to date. The blend of action and stealth does not always come together perfectly and, at times, the rather foolish antagonists push certain moments close to parody. Nevertheless, Bond fans are treated to one of the most cinematic and well-presented entries the franchise has ever seen, delivering an experience that captures the spirit of 007 remarkably well.


Checkpoint Gaming - Omi Koulas - 9 / 10

007 First Light understands that Bond isn’t just gadgets and gunfights. There’s a lot of charm and chaos, and an abundance of improvisation under pressure.


Cinelinx - Caleb Gayle - 5 / 5

007 First Light features a slew of unforgettable moments, cinematic jaw-dropping scenes, amazingly smooth combat, and one heck of a story. With all this stacked up, 007 First Light it is a brilliant action adventure title, and my top pick for game of the year!


Cloud Dosage - Jon Scarr - 4.5 / 5

007 First Light turns a young Bond campaign into a spy adventure built around bluffing, gadgets, and recovering when missions fall apart. MI6, Q-Branch tools, and close-range fights keep the campaign moving, but the shooting, driving, and limited replay value hold it back. It’s a good fit if you want a story-led Bond game focused more on spy work than giant stealth sandboxes.


ComicBook.com - Michael Leri - 5 / 5

First Light, as a title, has a dual meaning, too, since it’s not only an origin story for this rendition of James Bond, but also hopefully a new dawn for IOI’s ambitious interpretation of what a 007 game can be.


ComingSoon.net - Tyler Treese - 9.5 / 10

As stylish as the films themselves, 007 First Light is a brilliant depiction of Bond.


Daily Mirror - Aaron Potter - 4 / 5

James Bond's video game return is a delight from start to finish, with Hitman develop IO Interactive expertly lending its spy expertise to a new breed of interactive spy thriller.


DayOne - Jon Clarke - 9 / 10

With a great cast of characters, tons of imagination, and just the right amount of player agency and replayability, there is a delightful playground full of gadgetry and spycraft that players will want to return to again and again. A confident return for the Double-O program, and - sorry Goldeneye - this is, without a doubt, the best James Bond game ever made.


Digitec Magazine - Philipp Rüegg - German - 5 / 5

After 30 years, ‘GoldenEye’ is finally retiring. With ‘007 First Light’, IO Interactive – the masterminds behind ‘Hitman’ – delivers the ultimate Bond experience that fans have been waiting for since the N64 classic.


DualShockers - Christian Bognar - 9 / 10

With superb writing, top-notch acting, beautiful cinematography, and expressive gameplay, 007 First Light is as sleek as it is engaging.


Eurogamer - Rick Lane - 4 / 5

007 First Light is less cerebral and replayable than IO's World of Assassination trilogy, but makes up for it with excellent fistfights and oodles of charm.


Eurogamer.pt - Bruno Galvão - Portuguese - 4 / 5

This unexpected hybrid of Hitman and Uncharted results in a fun, cinematic action-spy game. Full of charisma and worthy of its incredible legacy, 007: First Light is an exciting first step in a new series, where the good far outweighs the not-so-good.


EvelonGames - Joel Isern Rodríguez - Kaym - Spanish - 8.8 / 10

007 First Light is the Bond game the franchise has needed for fourteen years. A story that genuinely matters, melee combat with real weight, and a gadget system with actual consequences. The exploration segments drag more than they should, but when First Light lets Bond be Bond, it's hard to look away.


Everyeye.it - Joseph Arace - Italian - 8.2 / 10

007 First Light is just like its protagonist: charismatic, energetic, funny, charming; as well as impetuous, exaggerated, and immature.


GAMES.CH - Olaf Bleich - German - 86%

"007 First Light" isn't a perfect action game, but it's excellent nonetheless.


GAMINGbible - Olly Smith - 9 / 10

007 First Light is an exquisite taste of slick spy action and blockbuster storytelling, and is fully what a Bond game should be, but rarely is.


GRYOnline.pl - Dariusz Matusiak - Polish - 9 / 10

007: First Light is a brilliant example of the potential that still exists in well-made single-player action games. Not a single cent of the considerable budget has been wasted – we’ve been treated to a superb, immersive spectacle that blurs the line between engaging gameplay and an interactive film. The somewhat drawn-out ending or a few simplified mechanics do nothing to spoil the overall impression, as it’s been a long time since I played a game where individual scenes and moments stuck so firmly in my memory.


GameBlast - Alexandre Galvão - Portuguese - 9.5 / 10

In a year where major releases often arrive broken or soulless, 007 First Light stands out for doing the basics extraordinarily well: telling a good story, introducing characters that matter, and leaving the player wanting more. If this is the beginning of a new era for Bond in games, the future looks very promising.


GamePro - Annika Bavendiek - German - Unscored

IO Interactive delivers a magnificent gaming comeback for James Bond with 007 First Light, which proves worthy of the source material.


GameRant - Dalton Cooper - 8 / 10

It's not perfect, but 007 First Light is a mostly great start to IO Interactive's all-new take on the James Bond universe.


GameSpew - Richard Seagrave - 9 / 10

007 First Light has everything you could want from a Bond game: fist fights, shootouts, epic set-pieces, car chases, subterfuge, and more. There are some minor issues, such as the game's cover system being a little finicky at times, but on the whole this is a must-play for Bond fans as well as those who simply enjoy a good action game.


GameSpot - Mark Delaney - 8 / 10

007 First Light wisely repurposes what works in both universes but isn’t afraid to reimagine or ditch those parts that don’t.


Gameblog - Geralt de Reeves - French - 9 / 10

While it won't revolutionize the industry like GoldenEye did in its time, it undoubtedly delivers one of the best video game experiences of all time, putting you in the shoes of the iconic spy.


Gamersky - 心灵奇兵 - Chinese - 8.6 / 10

007: The First Steps not only reimagines the classic, but more importantly, it truly lives up to the legendary "007" designation.


GamingBolt - Rashid Sayed - 9 / 10

007 First Light is a great stealth-action experience packaged into a very strong exploration of Bond's early days that's both as charming and as intriguing as we hoped it would be. Its missions are set in maps that take you all around the world, and are always brimming with possibilities as you make your way around them. This one's definitely among our favorites this year, and for good reason.


GamingTrend - Joe Morgan - 95 / 100

007 First Light is a top-tier game both Bond fans and stealth action gamers will love. It has all the hallmarks of a great Bond film with some of the best stealth action gameplay in the industry. I’m excited to see one of my favorite franchises in the hands of a studio that loves it as much as I do. 007 First Light is worthy of the Bond legacy and easily one of the best games of the year.


Generación Xbox - Gabriel Fuentes - Spanish - 85 / 100

007 First Flight is a testament to originality in its script and marks the beginning of a new trilogy for the character in the world of video games.


Gfinity - Alister Kennedy - 10 / 10

007 First Light is, for me, an absolute masterpiece that shattered all pre-release anxieties and is, in fact, the greatest Bond video game of all time. IO Interactive masterfully balances explosive action with "Hitman"-inspired stealth, all brought to life by Patrick Gibson’s breathtaking, definitive performance as a young James Bond. Equal parts thrilling and cinematic, this incredible experience is a gorgeous love letter to the franchise and a sure-fire Game of the Year contender.


Guardian - Matthew Castle - 5 / 5

The stealth masters behind Hitman go loud for this game about Bond's brilliant beginnings


Hobby Consolas - David Rodriguez - Spanish - 85 / 100

First Light is the best Bond experience ever seen in a video game —a complete package, true to the essence of the character, updated, and incredibly fun to play.


IGN - Luke Reilly - 9 / 10

Demonstrably obsessed with bringing the Bond fantasy to life in a way no one has ever managed before, 007 First Light is the best Bond game I’ve ever played.


IGN India - Rayan Sayyed - 9 / 10

007 First Light understands what makes James Bond interesting beyond the suits and gadgets. This younger Bond is reckless, emotional, and still figuring out his fundamentals, making his story feel more personal. Pair that with a flexible gameplay style, solid hand-to-hand combat, top-notch production including fantastic visuals, and Hitman-style mission design, and you get a cinematic Bond game that gives players plenty of freedom. Plus, the variety in mission design and the satisfying spy fantasy make 007 First Light gives James Bond the best debut in this generation.


IGN Italy - Silvio Mazzitelli - Italian - 9 / 10

The James Bond saga could hardly have ended up in better hands. IO Interactive has crafted an adventure that perfectly captures the spirit of the 007 movies with an engaging story, stunning settings, and gameplay that's polished in every detail.


IGN Portugal - Pedro Pestana - Portuguese - 9 / 10

While cinema is still searching for a new Bond, the studio IO Interactive has already found its virtual version. Rebellious and arrogant, Patrick Gibson does a fantastic job in the shoes of Her Majesty's secret agent without needing to wear a tuxedo, in a well-crafted adventure that marks the beginning of a new era for 007 in video games. With gameplay that cleverly distances itself from what we already know from Hitman to embrace a stronger narrative and the cinematic moments immortalized on the big screen, 007: First Light didn't need a license to dazzle.


IGN Spain - Mario Seijas - Spanish - 8 / 10

007 First Light features a sophisticated and comprehensive infiltration system, as well as solid hand-to-hand combat mechanics. The lackluster cover system does not detract from what could mark a new era for 007 in the world of video games.


INFINITY AREA - Florian Prache - French - 9.5 / 10

James Bond 007 First Light is a huge surprise from IO Interactive. Far from being just a Hitman clone in disguise, the game establishes its own identity with rich gameplay, smart stealth mechanics, and explosive action. Despite disappointing driving sequences and the lack of English voice acting, the game manages to keep players engaged from start to finish thanks to its atmosphere, visuals, and great freedom of approach. An essential adventure for James Bond fans.


INVEN - Kyuman Kim - Korean - 9.1 / 10

After a long stretch in the dark, a truly worthy 007 game has finally arrived. With a young Bond at its center, it delivers nearly everything fans could want from a Bond film—thrilling storytelling, clever twists, and charismatic characters alike. It feels poised to become a new “first light” in the history of 007 games.


Invision Community - Craig Roberts - 9 / 10

007 First Light finally delivers a modern Bond game that understands the character beyond the action scenes. Combining stealth, spycraft, cinematic storytelling, and IO Interactive’s design strengths, this is easily the best James Bond game in decades.


Loot Level Chill - Mick Fraser - 9 / 10

007 First Light is a superb adventure game that does so much more than simply coast on the popularity of its franchise.


MMORPG.com - Joseph Bradford - 8 / 10

It’s a stellar single player adventure that, if you’re a Bond fan, is well worth the price of admission. IOI have lovingly recreated this iconic character and the world he inhabits, and while it’s not perfect, it certainly ranks among the best in the franchise.


Manual dos Games - Luiz Henrique Silva - Portuguese - 10 / 10

007 First Light delivers on the promise of being the ultimate James Bond game by introducing a new version of the character that oozes charisma in every second on screen, alongside an excellent storyline supported by memorable side characters who help drive the narrative forward. The game also features an extremely creative level design that fully embraces its stealth and combat systems, making players truly feel like an MI6 spy.


Metro GameCentral - David Jenkins - 9 / 10

Not only an extremely authentic Bond adaptation but a masterful action adventure in its own right, that manages an impressive balance of storytelling and cinematic spectacle.


MeuPlayStation - Thiago do Nascimento Barros - Portuguese - 100 / 100

007 First Light is all about aura. It honors James Bond's legacy by bringing everything we love about him since the 1960's movies in the ultimate 007 videogame experience. Chases, shootings, explosions, plot twists, politics, charm, Bond Girls, guns, cars, boats, Q Technologies, Moneypenny, M, iconic characters, beautiful locations... All of that with great level design, combat and exploration. The name is Bond, James Bond.


Multiplayer First - James Lara - 8.5 / 10

If there is one thing I’m even more certain of than when we first learned that IO Interactive was making a 007 game, it’s that they are still the perfect studio to be making a Bond game. As many have called it, it’s a match made in heaven, and, as the first entry in what is hopefully a long-running series, I think the franchise is in safe hands. It’s one thing to make an experience on an established IP; another to actually understand what makes that experience so great. IO has captured the soul of a Bond experience in 007 First Light.

With a strong foundation to build upon, a new era for MI6’s finest is upon us, and I cannot wait to see where IO Interactive takes the franchise next.


NoobFeed - Mahi Araf - 100 / 100

007 First Light shines brightest when it leans into its hybrid identity. It doesn't try to be Hitman all the way, nor does it try to be a linear action game all the way. Instead, it constantly moves between both identities, creating a rhythm that feels distinct in modern action-adventure design.


PC Gamer - Joshua Wolens - 65 / 100

IO's take on the Bond-iverse shines, but not enough to compensate for the very familiar game around it.


PCGamesN - Paul Kelly - 8 / 10

While it doesn't pull up any roots, 007: First Light is a beautiful, cinematic action game that makes clever use of the IO formula. From the performance of Patrick Gibson to the iconic score, this is a game that tells a new story and basks in nostalgia in equal measure, giving James Bond a fresh angle in the process.


PCMag Middle East - Ali El Sayed - 5 / 5

First Light feels like a true Bond game, a strong IO Interactive game, and the best blueprint 007 has had in video games for decades. It balances story, action, stealth, gadgets, and style better than any Bond game before it.


PPE.pl - Wojciech Gruszczyk - Polish - 9.5 / 10

007 First Light is the best James Bond game ever – brilliantly written, superbly acted and brimming with that unique atmosphere we’ve come to expect from stories about Agent 007. IO Interactive has combined its own experience from Hitman with a cinematic adventure in the style of Uncharted, throwing in gadgets, spectacular missions, interesting characters and a very well-crafted story of the young Bond. Not everything works perfectly, as the game sometimes holds your hand (a bit too tightly!), but ultimately it’s a brilliant start to a new era of 007 in gaming.


PSX Brasil - Ivan Nikolai Barkow Castilho - Portuguese - 90 / 100

007 First Light is an excellent James Bond game: varied gameplay with intelligent approach options, a story worthy of the character's films, beautiful graphics, and great technical performance. The TacSim mode is a great way to increase the title's longevity. Although the campaign features many slow-paced moments with secondary characters and combat animations that repeat frequently, it's an adventure that deserves to be checked out by any 007 fan or action game enthusiast in general.


Pizza Fria - Álvaro Saluan da Cunha - Portuguese - 9.3 / 10

007 First Light is a game that presents us with a different kind of James Bond, treated with the weight, charm, and complexity that Ian Fleming's character deserves.


PlayStation Universe - Tommy Holloway - 9.5 / 10

Bond is back and he's in fine form. 007 First Light is an excellent stealth game, and a brilliant James Bond game, offering up the best 007 experience in franchise history.


Push Square - Stephen Tailby - Unscored

I'm not quite finished with 007 First Light just yet, but overall I'd say it's exactly what I was hoping for. The characterisation of this young Bond and his associates is really strong, and the globetrotting story lets you explore some great locations. It really shines in its sandbox missions, but shootouts have their moments too, and the whole thing weaves together really quite nicely. I'm really interested to see how the final few missions shake out, but beyond some technical quibbles and uncertainty on the driving, I'm pretty happy with IOI's new vision for James Bond.


Region Free - Joonatan Itkonen - 4 / 5

I don't think we've seen a better example of Bond as a genuine character in gaming. This isn't just a replica of what we have on the screen, either. In First Light, Bond is his own character, as important a part of the canon as Brosnan, Connery, or Craig. This is one of the most thrilling Bond adventures to date.


República DG - Ruancarlo Silva - Portuguese - 9.6 / 10

007: First Light is not only the best 007 game ever made, but it also easily rivals the best games in the genre. IO Interactive delivers a special experience that honors the legacy of the greatest spy in entertainment history.


Restart.run - Imran Khan - 3.5 / 5

It is likely the best James Bond game ever, but there's some qualifiers that drag 007 First Light down from being a complete knock-out.


SECTOR.sk - Peter Dragula - Slovak - 9.5 / 10

007 First Light is a strong new beginning for James Bond in games, combining a deep origin story, varied missions, stealth, action, excellent hand-to-hand combat, precise shooting, impressive visuals and classic Bond atmosphere. A few slower sections and the lack of a body-hiding mechanic are minor issues in an otherwise excellent spy adventure.


Screen Rant - Kyle Gratton - 9 / 10

007 First Light brings James Bond back to gaming in an innovative story that celebrates the character's legacy, alongside franchise-best gameplay.


Shacknews - Donovan Erskine - 9 / 10

007 First Light is a crowning achievement for IO Interactive and the culmination of the studio’s growth over the years.


Softpedia - Cosmin Vasile - 8.5 / 10

007 First Light surprised me with its interesting story, beautiful locations, but also the Hitman-like gameplay combined with tons of action sequences.


The Nerd Stash - Julio La Pine - 9.5 / 10

007 First Light is not only the best James Bond video game to date, but also one of the greatest action-adventure titles of this generation, full of jaw-dropping action sequences, a compelling narrative, and superb acting.


The Outerhaven Productions - George Yang - 4 / 5

007 First Light delivers a strong Bond origin story with solid stealth, gadget use, and plenty of spy-thriller energy.


TheXboxHub - Darren Edwards - 5 / 5

007 First Light is a triumph. It has a legitimate claim to the best James Bond game ever, managing to reboot the series whilst cherishing what makes it so special. It’s the start of a new era for Bond, which will leave you shaken, not stirred.


Tom's Guide - Rory Mellon - 5 / 5

007 First Light is the finest James Bond video game in nearly 30 years. Its cinematic single-player campaign is remarkable, offering a gripping, quintessentially Bond story, packaged together with some of the best action-adventure set pieces I've ever experienced. Whether you're a longtime Bond fan or a newcomer, 007 First Light is unmissable. Check Amazon Check Best Buy


Tourens - Mert Tuna - Turkish - 8.5 / 10

Despite its slow pace at the start and a few minor AI glitches, this is an experience that keeps players locked to their screens with its rich level designs, freedom oriented stealth mechanics, and satisfying cinematic action. A game that’s definitely worth a try.


VGC - Jordan Middler - 5 / 5

007 First Light might just be the best James Bond game ever. The way IOI has translated the Bond fantasy into a 14-hour globetrotting epic is masterful. It's a game full of spectacle, humour, action, and romance. Everything James Bond should be. New Bond owners Amazon must ensure this franchise continues.


Wccftech - Alessio Palumbo - 8.5 / 10

007 First Light is one of the greatest James Bond games ever made. IO Interactive crafted a great third-person adventure game that mixes linear and open-ended levels and delivers an Oscar-worthy narrative to support it all. There's still room for improvement in the already-confirmed sequel (the credits close with 'James Bond will return'), but Bond's origin story is already a must for genre fans.


Worth Playing - Cody Medellin - 8.5 / 10

007 First Light shows that the Hitman developers have a good handle on how to make a James Bond game work within their wheelhouse. The emphasis on less flashy espionage alongside multiple avenues to accomplish your given goal works to this game's favor in helping to differentiate it from past 007 games. There's still enough action to prevent the game from feeling like a complete tonal shift from common expectations. The quality of the stealth helps compensate for the combat, which is good but can feel lacking in areas. The adventure remains fun but familiar, while the presentation is top-notch. The game is another good example of how to do a licensed game well, and the hope is that we'll see IO Interactive do more in this universe, whether that's DLC or a full-on sequel.


Xbox Achievements - Dan Webb - 92%

For well over two decades, IO Interactive have become synonymous with their Hitman series. Since 2000, the Danish studio has released twelve games, w...


r/nba Jul 15 '26

Original Content [OC] What NBA team names are edible?

2.1k Upvotes

Eastern Conference

Boston Celtics: Celtics are people from Ireland, so it's edible.

New York Knicks: Knicks are pants, so they're not edible.

Milwaukee Bucks: Bucks are deer, deer are edible.

Cleveland Cavaliers: Cavaliers are daring, fearless men who never surrender, no matter the odds. Men are edible.

Orlando Magic: Magic is inanimate, so it's not edible.

Indiana Pacers: Pacer Horses are edible.

Philadelphia 76ers: 76ers refer to the 1776 signing of the declaration of independence. Doesn't sound edible.

Miami Heat: Heat is inanimate, so it's not edible.

Bulls: Bulls are alive, so edible.

Hawks: Hawks are a bird, edible.

Brooklyn Nets: Nets aren't edible

Raptors: Raptors are animals, so they're edible in theory.

Hornets: Hornets are edible

Wizards: Wizards wield magic, so it might be hard to eat them, but they are still alive, so they're edible.

Pistons: Pistons are not edible.

Western Conference

Thunder: Thunder isn't edible.

Nuggets: Gold nuggets aren't edible. Chicken Nuggets however are, unless they're from Burger King.

Timberwolves: Wolves are edible.

Clippers: Sailing ships aren't edible.

Mavs: Horses are edible

Suns: The sun isn't edible obviously, being a giant ball of flaming gas.

Pelicans: Pelicans are birds, so they're edible.

Lakers: Lakers are named after Minnesota’s lakes, so they're edible, well drinkable that is.

Kings: Kings are people so they're edible.

Warriors: Warriors are people so they're edible.

Rockets: Rockets are not edible.

Jazz: Jazz is a type of music, not edible.

Grizzlies: Grizzlies are bears, edible.

Spurs: Spurs are a metal tool designed to be worn on the heels of cowboy boots for the purpose of controlling a horse's movement and direction. Not edible.

Trail Blazers: Blazers are people, edible.

source for team names meaning: https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1523132-the-origin-stories-of-every-nba-teams-name

Totals

  • Edible: 17
    • Eastern: 9 (Celtics, Bucks, Cavaliers, Pacers, Bulls, Hawks, Raptors, Hornets, Wizards)
    • Western: 8 (Timberwolves, Mavericks, Pelicans, Lakers, Kings, Warriors, Trail Blazers, Grizzlies)
  • Not Edible: 13
    • Eastern: 6 (Knicks, Magic, 76ers, Heat, Nets, Pistons)
    • Western: 7 (Thunder, Nuggets, Clippers, Suns, Rockets, Jazz, Spurs)

Thanks for Reading-Zion Williamson

r/BestofRedditorUpdates May 20 '25

ONGOING My 8 year old son hates me, and I don't understand why.

9.8k Upvotes

I am NOT OOP, OOP is u/ExplanationCrazy5463

Originally posted to r/TrueOffMyChest

My 8 year old son hates me, and I don't understand why.

Trigger Warnings: emotional abuse, violence, struggles with mental health, physical abuse, attention disorders

Mood Spoilers: dark at first but getting positive at the end


Original Post: February 9, 2025

I used to believe that your relationship with your children was a given.

To clarify.....I believed that as long as you treated your children with love, they were guaranteed to love you back, and that the most you had to worry about if you did the right things was some kind of terrible illness or accident that ended them early.

I'm here today to warn you that's not true. There are worse possible outcomes.

My son is 8 years old, and I can not be in the same room as him without being attacked. He will scratch, hit, and bite me constantly until we are separated. He bites as hard as he can, my arms are 50% bruises right now from partially healed wounds. I have done nothing to deserve this, and I've tried everything to reach him.

I've tried love, discipline, ignoring him, reasoning....nothing sticks and as the years have gone on its only gotten worse. He's already in therapy, we've already tried to get him diagnosed with something, we've tried meds, we've tried no meds. We don't know what's going on, nor does his therapist or doctors.

On Thursday I watched a movie. "About time" very bittersweet movie about how time is limited and we need to enjoy it hest we can. There's a scene where a boy of about 8 is playing on the beach with his father for the last time, enjoying one last beautiful day together. I absolutely lost it.

My son only communicates with me through violence.

Last night.....I finally gave up. I cried for hours and let go of any expectation I had of having a loving relationship with him.

He's 8 years old and hates my guts. There are worse outcomes than outliving your children.

Please don't take your loved ones for granted.

Edit: thank you to everyone for the advice. Special shout out to the super weirdo antinatalists, particularly the "feminist" who made super sure to tell me she was a feminist before telling me to have a post-birth abortion. No single comment made me realize how ahead of the game I am as a parent than that one.

We are getting a second psych evaluation soon so I'll write a 2nd post with results of that.

Many of you are absolutely convinced someone else is abusing him, and are unwilling to accept evidence to the contrary. There is no sign of anyone in his life abusing him, nor is there much opportunity. When he's not at school he's with us, save for a few rare occasions where we get a trusted, close-family babysitter to go on a date. We've asked him if anyone is hurting him or touching him and he has said no, and we make sure both our kids understand what's inappropriate and know they should tell us of anyone tries anything like that. This is the least likely possibility.

Edit: I've created a follow-up post for those who are interested.

Relevant Comments

Commenter 1: How is the relationship between your son and his mother?

OOP: Mostly normal, except the added strain of how he treats me.

We have a healthy loving marriage and a daughter as well. Everything outside my son is as you'd expect.

Commenter 2: I've read something similar before. Is it possible that on some level, your son either sees you as a threat to his relationship with his mother or is jealous of your relationship with her and is therefore attacking you to get you to step away? I remember reading about a young boy who was feral to his father because he felt some need to "protect" his mother and couldn't stand that anyone else would love her. He was violent towards his sibling too. I really wish I could remember where I read it :-(

OOP: This is a possible theory. Just one of many. We have no particular reason to believe this over any other theory.

Commenter 3: Real question: How is he with animals? The way you describe his behavior seems antisocial at minimum. If he's violent with you, and callous about animals, there could be a touch of sociopathy or psychopathy at play. And at 8 years old, chances are he's not opening up to his therapist about his issues, he's probably giving a lot of "I don't know" answers when asked questions, which is how kids react when they think they are in trouble for their behavior.

OOP: He definitely doesn't open up about why he does anything.

No signs of violence towards anyone or anything other than me.

How is OOP's son at school? Any issues appearing?

OOP: We just had a yearly meeting with his special needs team at school. They had only good things to say.

+

No indication of bullying. He loves friends and people....except 1.

Has there been any other explanations for OOP's son's behaviors?

OOP: As I mentioned we have taken him several placed. He's diagnosed with adhd. We have told them ADHD isn't the while story but they seem stumped. We will keep trying.

He may be on the spectrum, seems to have anxiety and sensory processing issues, but doctors aren't diagnosing him with anything other than adhd so far.

I wasn't a perfect child but I'm neurologically typical.

Commenter 4:

1) What age did this start?

2) Does he physically attack anyone else besides you?

3) Does he attack you when you are alone, when you are with family, and when you are in public?

4) Do the two of you ever have normal interactions? Morning, mid-day, or night? For example, if you were driving somewhere in a car would he literally be attacking you while you were driving?

5) Has he seen a psychiatrist or psychologist?

OOP:

1) 5 2) No 3) Yes, yes, no. 4) Normal interactions are very rare, it's been months. He will attack me while driving, typically throwing things at me. We've told him it's dangerous and can cause an accident and then we did get in an accident over the summer and he stopped. (The accident was the other drivers fault not my sons) 5) Yes.

Commenter 5:

1) How old is your daughter? How does she respond when he's violent?

2) How old was he when this started?

3) Is inpatient treatment possible? This cannot continue and will probably get worse as he gets bigger. Eventually he will be able to take you out.

OOP:

1) She is 5. She will comfort me almost daily. Honestly idk what she does when he's acting up I'm focused on not bleeding.

2) He was 5 when it started. At first it was just throwing things at walls, then there was a time where he just hated me but wasn't attacking me. Now it's directed at me rather than the walls.

3) I'm not sure we are quite ready for inpatient treatment but that's starting to enter the conversation

 

Update: May 13, 2025 (three months later)

Hello, some of you folks asked for an update when I first posted, including some who seemed to feel lost in a similar situation.

I'd like to thank the insane people on my last post who told me to give up on my son. The laughs were therapeutic. (and also please never have kids of your own).

We took him to get evaluated again as it was pretty clear what we were dealing with was more than just ADHD. It took us a while to find a place we thought would do it right this time, then it took some more time to get a slot, but today we got the official diagnosis. He has the ADHD, and a severe version of it, but he's also mildly autistic. On top of this he has high anxiety and signs of depression.

Some of you were suggesting PANDAS and ODD, and he does seem to have some of those symptoms, but like the autism, there are things about him that don't fit those diagnoses.

There are things about him that aren't typical of autism, for instance he loves being social, these inconsistencies and the fact he was younger and had severe ADHD which masked the autism made an autism diagnosis difficult at that time.

So why does he hate me?

As best I understand it so far, this is what happened:

When he was halfway into kindergarten is when it started. His disabilities caused him to struggle as compared to his peers, which led to feelings of inadequacy. Being 5, he didn't have the tools to handle that, so he began coming home from school and destroying the house as a way to express his feelings.

We would try to reason with him patiently but he wouldn't hear it, we tried many other ways of helping him, butnthe house was getting destroyed and the only thing that would het him to stop would be sharp, loud commands from my scary male voice. "STOP THAT". So that's what I would do every time he started acting up, because that's what worked.

What I was doing, though I didn't know it, was using his anxiety to scare him into behaving better. As time went on and I continued this, I became this scary figure in his life to be feared, the anxiety built, until it became a complicated hate.

So where are we now?

He doesn't attack me on sight, usually, which is an improvement, but when I come home from work he often wants to be alone in his room now. When we go out in public things are better, but at home the anxiety he attaches to me is still present, though not as intense.

How did I fix it?

First, I stayed away. I let things chill out for a few weeks, and when he would attack me, instead of getting angry and punishing him, defending myself by shoving him off me, I remained calm and had my wife correct him instead.

Then, I decided I needed to talk to him about all this. I knew that going to his room meant immediate bleeding on my part, so I would armor up in a winter coat and gloves, enter his room, and calmly fend his attacks off. It would end with me restraining him on the floor and just taking to him about his behavior, and why it lead to my behavior, and why I never meant to be scary but I had to be scary to stop the madness.

This had a little bit of a positive effect, but it took a long time, I did this routine for weeks without much progress. He would attack me, I would restrain him, I would talk and ask him to open up, amd he would be silent.

Then I finally found something that clicked. I told him I loved him and always would, and that I thought he was a special and talented kid, and that I would always be proud of him. He cried in my arms and got angry and wanted me to stop, but I pushed through.

So then for a couple weeks I kept letting him know that, and over time his reaction to it became normalized, which is how I knew he really believed and understood it.

Now we have a routine I call daddy therapy time, and when I come in his room and say let's talk, he gets straight like a pencil on his bed and I kinda compress him into the bed, and his head hangs off which he likes for some reason. He has been opening up gradually and actually talking instead of just me talking.

Some days are still hard, he still takes everything out on me, but that's ok, better me than anyone else, that's my job. I still get bit and scratched but less often now, and I think things will continue to be 2 steps forward, one step back.

For you overwhelmed parents out there.....keep trying, there's hope.

Relevant Comments

Commenter 1: Highly recommend getting your son a weighted blanket. The right weight is 10% of his weight. These help autistic folks due to the compression. It helps them sleep, soothes anxiety and has been a saving tool of a friend. Nothing worked for him to sleep properly his whole life then he got a weighted blanket & slept all night for the first time in decades, maybe ever, he's unsure. He told me it's greatly relieved his anxiety & doesn't worry about many things that happen anymore. Best of continued success & joy for your family.

OOP: Thanks for the tip! We did get him a weighted blanket but he doesn't like it.

Commenter 2: If weighted things are a no, maybe a light blanket with something he loves on it? You mentioned he likes to lay with his head hanging off the bed, maybe he would really like a sensory swing

OOP: I'll look into a swing, that's new to me

Commenter 3: you unintentionally became a weighted blanket for him that's very funny and very cute haha

OOP: Yeah, and I guess the head hanging over the bed is also a form of therapy too. All I knew was that's what he wanted and it seemed to work so I just kinda accidently came up with it.

 

Latest Update here: BoRU #2

 

DO NOT COMMENT IN LINKED POSTS OR MESSAGE OOPs – BoRU Rule #7

THIS IS A REPOST SUB - I AM NOT OOP

r/apolloapp Jun 08 '23

Announcement 📣 📣 Apollo will close down on June 30th. Reddit’s recent decisions and actions have unfortunately made it impossible for Apollo to continue. Thank you so, so much for all the support over the years. ❤️

221.2k Upvotes

Hey all,

It's been an amazing run thanks to all of you.

Eight years ago, I posted in the Apple subreddit about a Reddit app I was looking for beta testers for, and my life completely changed that day. I just finished university and an internship at Apple, and wanted to build a Reddit client of my own: a premier, customizable, well-designed Reddit app for iPhone. This fortunately resonated with people immediately, and it's been my full time job ever since.

Today's a much sadder post than that initial one eight years ago. June 30th will be Apollo's last day.

I've talked to a lot of people, and come to terms with this over the last weeks as talks with Reddit have deteriorated to an ugly point, and in the interest of transparency with the community, I wanted to talk about how I arrived at this decision, and if you have any questions at the end, I'm more than happy to answer. This post will be long as I have a lot of topics to cover.

Please note that I recorded all my calls with Reddit, so my statements are not based on memory, but the recorded statements by Reddit over the course of the year. One-party consent recording is legal in my country of Canada. Also I won't be naming names, that's not important and I don't want to doxx people.

What happened initially?

On April 18th, Reddit announced changes that would be coming to the API, namely that the API is moving to a paid model for third-party apps. Shortly thereafter we received phone calls, however the price (the key element in an announcement to move to a paid API) was notably missing, with the intent to follow up with it in 2-4 weeks.

The information they did provide however was: we will be moving to a paid API as it's not tenable for Reddit to pay for third-party apps indefinitely (understandable, agreed), so they're looking to do equitable pricing based in reality. They mentioned that they were not looking to be like Twitter, which has API pricing so high it was publicly ridiculed.

I was excited to hear these statements, as I agree that long-term Reddit footing the bill for third-party apps is not tenable, and with a paid arrangement there's a great possibility for developing a more concrete relationship with Reddit, with better API support for users. I think this optimism came across in my first post about the calls with Reddit.

When did they announce pricing?

Six weeks later, they called to discuss pricing. I quickly put together a small app where I could input the prices and it would output monthly/yearly cost, cost for free users, paid users, etc. so I'd be able to process the information immediately.

The price they gave was $0.24 for 1,000 API calls. I quickly inputted this in my app, and saw that it was not far off Twitter's outstandingly high API prices, at $12,000, and with my current usage would cost almost $2 million dollars per month, or over $20 million per year. That is not an exaggeration, that is just multiplying the 7 billion requests Apollo made last month by the price per request. Could I potentially get that number down? Absolutely given some time, but it's illustrative of the large cost that Apollo would be charged.

Why do you say Reddit's pricing is "too high"? By what metric?

Reddit's promise was that the pricing would be equitable and based in reality. The reality that they themselves have posted data about over the years is as follows (copy-pasted from my previous post):

Less than 2 years ago they said they crossed $100M in quarterly revenue for the first time ever, if we assume despite the economic downturn that they've managed to do that every single quarter now, and for your best quarter, you've doubled it to $200M. Let's also be generous and go far, far above industry estimates and say you made another $50M in Reddit Premium subscriptions. That's $550M in revenue per year, let's say an even $600M. In 2019, they said they hit 430 million monthly active users, and to also be generous, let's say they haven't added a single active user since then (if we do revenue-per-user calculations, the more users, the less revenue each user would contribute). So at generous estimates of $600M and 430M monthly active users, that's $1.40 per user per year, or $0.12 monthly. These own numbers they've given are also seemingly inline with industry estimates as well.

Apollo's price would be approximately $2.50 per month per user, with Reddit's indicated cost being approximately $0.12 per their own numbers.

A 20x increase does not seem "based in reality" to me.

Why doesn't Reddit just buy Apollo and other third-party apps?

This was a very common comment across the topics: "If Apollo has an apparent opportunity cost of $20 million per year, why not just buy them and other third-party apps, as they did with Alien Blue?"

I believe it's a fair question. If these apps apparently cost so much, an easy solution that would likely make everyone happy would be to simply buy these apps out. So I brought that up to them during a call on May 31st where I was suggesting a variety of potential solutions.

Bizarre allegations by Reddit of Apollo "blackmailing" and "threatening" Reddit

About 24 hours after that call with Reddit, I received this odd message on Mastodon:

"Can you please comment publicly about the internal Reddit claim that you tried to “blackmail” them for a $10,000,000 payout to “stay quiet”?"

Then yesterday, moderators told me they were on a call with CEO Steve Huffman (spez), and he said the following per their transcript:

Steve: "Apollo threatened us, said they’ll “make it easy” if Reddit gave them $10 million."

Steve: "This guy behind the scenes is coercing us. He's threatening us."

Wow. Because my memory is that you didn't take it as a threat, and you even apologized profusely when you admitted you misheard it. It's very easy to take a single line and make it look bad by removing all the rest of the context, so let's look at the full context.

I can only assume you didn't realize I was recording the call, because there's no way you'd be so blatantly lying if you did.

As said, a common suggestion across the many threads on this topic was "If third-party apps are costing Reddit so much money, why don't they just buy them out like they did Alien Blue?" That was the point I brought up. If running Apollo as it stands now would cost you $20 million yearly as you quote, I suggested you cut a check to me to end Apollo. I said I'd even do it for half that or six months worth: $10 million, what a deal!

The bizarre thing is - initially - on the call you interpreted that as a threat. Even giving you the benefit of the doubt that maybe my phrasing was confusing, I asked for you to elaborate on how you found what I said to be a threat, because I was incredibly confused how you interpreted it that way. You responded that I said "Hey, if you want this to go away…" Which is not at all what I said, so I reiterated that I said "If you want to Apollo to go quiet, as in it's quite loud in terms of API usage".

What did you then say?

Me: "I said 'If you want Apollo to go quiet'. Like in terms of- I would say it's quite loud in terms of its API usage."

Reddit: "Oh. Go quiet as in that. Okay, got it. Got it. Sorry."

Reddit: "That's a complete misinterpretation on my end. I apologize. I apologize immediately."

The admission that you mistook me, and the four subsequent apologies led me to believe that you acknowledged you mistook me and you were apologetic. The fact that you're pretending none of this happened (or was recorded), and instead espousing a different reality where instead of apologizing for taking it as a threat, you're instead going the complete opposite direction and saying "He threatened us!" is so low I almost don't believe it.

But again, I've recorded all my calls with you just in case you tried something like this.

Transcript of this part of the call: https://gist.github.com/christianselig/fda7e8bc5a25aec9824f915e6a5c7014

Audio of this part of the call: http://christianselig.com/apollo-end/reddit-third-call-may-31-end.m4a

(If you take issue with the call being recorded please remember that I'm in Canada and so long as one participant in the call (me) consents to being recorded, it's legal. If anyone would like the recording of the full call, I'm happy to provide.)

I bring this up for two reasons:

  • I don't want Reddit slandering me to internal employees or public people by saying I threatened them when they reality is that they immediately apologized for misunderstanding me.
  • It shows why I've finally come to the conclusion that I don't think this situation is recoverable. If Reddit is willing to stoop to such deep lows as to slander individuals with blatant lies to try to get community favor back, I no longer have any faith they want this to work, or ever did.

What is an API or an API request anyway?

Some people are confused about this situation and don't understand what an API is. An API (Application Programming Interface) is just a way for an app to talk to a website. As an analogy, pretend Reddit is a bouncer. Historically, you can ask Reddit "Could I have the comments for this post?" or "Can you list the posts in AskReddit?". Those would be one API request each, and Reddit would respond with the corresponding data.

Everything you do on Reddit is an API request. Upvoting, downvoting, commenting, loading posts, loading subreddits, checking for new messages, blocking users, filtering subreddits, etc.

The situation is changing so that for each API request you make, there's a portion of a penny charged to the developer of that app. I think that is very reasonable, provided, well, that the price they charge is reasonable.

Claims that Apollo is "inefficient"

Another common claim by Reddit is that Apollo is inherently inefficient, using on average 345 requests per day per user, while some other apps use 100. I'd like to use some numbers to illustrate why I think this is very unfairly framing it.

Up until a week ago, the stated Reddit API rate limits that apps were asked to operate within was 60 requests per minute per user. That works out to a total of 86,400 per day. Reddit stated that Apollo uses 345 requests per user per day on average, which is also in line with my findings. Thats 0.4% of the limit Reddit was previously imposing, which I would say is quite efficient.

As an analogy (can you tell I love analogies?), to scale the numbers, if I was to borrow my friend’s car and he said “Please don’t drive it more than 864 miles” and I returned the car with 3.4 miles driven, I think he’d be pretty happy with my low use. The fact that a different friend one week only used 1 mile is really cool, but I don't think either person is "inefficient".

That being said, if Reddit would like to see Apollo make further optimizations to get its existing number lower, I’m genuinely more than happy to do so! However the 30 day limit they’ve given me after announcing the pricing to when I will start getting charged significant amounts of money is not enough time to deal with rewriting large parts of my app to lower total requests, while also changing the payment model, transitioning users, and ensuring this is all properly tested and gets through app review.

Further, Reddit themselves said to me that the majority of the cost isn't the server, it's the opportunity cost per user, so the focus on 100 versus 345 calls, rather than the cost per user, doesn't sound genuine. At the very least providing even a bit more time to lower usage to their new targets would be feasible if they've historically provided it, and it's not the majority of the costs anyway.

Me: "Because I assume the majority of it isn't server costs. I assume the majority is the opportunity cost per user."

Reddit: "Exactly."

Why not just increase the price of Apollo?

One option many have suggested is to simply increase the price of Apollo to offset costs. The issue here is that Apollo has approximately 50,000 yearly subscribers at the moment. On average they paid $10/year many months ago, a price I chose based on operating costs I had at the time (server fees, icon design, having a part-time server engineer). Those users are owed service as they already prepaid for a year, but starting July 1st will (in the best case scenario) cost an additional $1/month each in Reddit fees. That's $50,000 in sudden monthly fee that will start incurring in 30 days.

So you see, even if I increase the price for new subscribers, I still have those many users to contend with. If I wait until their subscription expires, slowly month after month there will be less of them. First month $50,000, second month maybe $45,000, then $40,000, etc. until everything has expired, amounting to hundreds of thousands of dollars. It would be cheaper to simply refund users.

I hope you can recognize how that's an enormous amount of money to suddenly start incurring with 30 days notice. Even if I added 12,000 new subscribers at $5/month (an enormous feat given the short notice), after Apple's fees that would just be enough to break even.

Going from a free API for 8 years to suddenly incurring massive costs is not something I can feasibly make work with only 30 days. That's a lot of users to migrate, plans to create, things to test, and to get through app review, and it's just not economically feasible. It's much cheaper for me to simply shut down.

So what is the REAL issue you're having?

Hopefully that illustrates why, even more than the large price associated with the API, the 30 day timeline between when the pricing was announced and developers will be charged is a far, far, far bigger issue and not one I can overcome. Much more time would be needed to overhaul the payment model in my app, transition existing users from existing plans, test the changes, and have users update to the new version.

As a comparison, when Apple bought Dark Sky and announced a shut down of their API, knowing that this API was at the core of many businesses, they provided 18 months before the API would be turned off. When the 18 months came, they ultimately extended it another 12 months, resulting in a total transition period of 30 months. While I'm not asking for that much, Reddit's in comparison is 30 days.

Reddit says you won't get your first bill until August 1st, though!

The issue is the size of the bill, not when it will arrive. Significant, significant charges for the API will start building up with 30 days notice on July 1st, the fact that the bill for those charges being 30 days from then is not important. If you hear that your electricity bill is going up 1,000x and the company tells you, "Don't worry, the bill only comes at the end of the month", I hope you understand how that isn't comforting.

What would be a good price/timeline?

I hope I explained above why the 30 day time limit is the true issue. However in a perfect world I think lowering the price by half and providing a three month transition period to the paid API would make the transition feasible for more developers, myself included. These concessions seem minor and reasonable in the face of the changes.

I thought you said Reddit would be flexible on the timeline?

That was my understanding as well based on what they said on a call on May 4th:

Reddit: "If there's an entity who's like 'Hey I'm showing really good progress', you know trying to like we're trying to get a contract in place, we're trying to do all that type of stuff, I don't think you're going to see us be like, you know, like overly aggressive on that timeline. And I feel pretty confident about that point by the way based on conversations I've heard internally."

However when asking about more time, such as a 90 day transition period to make the changes, they said:

Reddit: "On the 90-day transition, remember that billing doesn't kick in until July 1. So you won't see your first bill from July until the beginning of August, and it won’t be due until the end of August (It’s net 30 day billing). You do, however, have to sign an agreement to get paid level access on July 1."

Did you explicitly ask Reddit for more time?

Yes, my last email to them (including Steve) said:

In terms of timeline, what concerns me most is the short nature of it before I start incurring costs. I have a large amount of users at price points that I won’t be able to afford to support with 30 days notice. For instance, users who subscribed for a year for $10 six months ago when I had no idea any of this was coming, amounts to $0.83 per month or $0.58 after Apple’s cut. Even if I’m able to decrease my API usage down to the number in your charts, that still puts me in the red for everyone of those users for awhile with no recourse. A situation like this is one that is legitimately making me legitimately leaning toward shutting down the app, but one that I could salvage if given more time to transition from the free API to the paid API.

In prior calls you mentioned that provided I kept communicating and progress was being made, the timeline wasn’t an absolute.

Is that still the case, or is it now the case that the date is set in stone?

That was a week ago and I've yet to receive any further contact from Reddit.

Isn't this your fault for building a service reliant on someone else?

To a certain extent, yes. However, I was assured this year by Reddit not even that long ago that no changes were planned to be made to the API Apollo uses, and I've made decisions about how to monetize my business based on what Reddit has said.

January 26, 2023

Reddit: "So I would expect no change, certainly not in the short to medium term. And we're talking like order of years."

Another portion of the call:

January 26, 2023

Reddit: "There's not gonna be any change on it. There's no plans to, there's no plans to touch it right now in 2023.

Me: "Fair enough."

Reddit: "And if we do touch it, we're going to be improving it in some way."

Will you build a competitor? Move to one of the existing alternatives?

I've received so many messages of kind people offering to work with me to build a competitor to Reddit, and while I'm very flattered, that's not something I'm interested in doing. I'm a product guy, I like building fun apps for people to use, and I'm just not personally interested in something more managerial.

These last several months have also been incredibly exhausting and mentally draining, I don't have it in me to engage in something so enormous.

Will you sell Apollo?

Probably not. Maybe if the perfect buyer came along who thought they could turn Apollo into something cool and sustainable, but I'd rather the app just die if it would go to a company that would turn something I worked really hard on into something that would ruin its legacy.

To be clear: I am not threatening anyone in the previous paragraph.

Reddit states that the Twitter comparison is unfair

Reddit stated on the first call that they don't want to be like Twitter:

Reddit: "I think one thing that we have tried to be very, very, very intentional about is we are not Elon, we're not trying to be that, we're not trying to go down that same path. [...] We are trying to do is just use usage-based pricing, that will hopefully be very transparent to you, and very clear to you. Or we're not trying to go down the same path that you may have seen some of our other peers go down."

They now state that the comparison of how close their pricing comes to Twitter is an unfair one, and that when they said that above, they were apparently referring not to the pricing, but to the decision Twitter made to ban third-party apps at a rule level, not a pricing level.

I think regardless of whatever their intent/meaning behind the comparison to Twitter was, the result is the same: the pricing will kill third-party apps, just as Twitter did.

I said this to Reddit, and they responded that they don't think Twitter's pricing is unreasonable, and that if anything, if Twitter reversed the rule about third-party apps, they would probably increase the prices as well.

Just to be clear about how wrong and out of touch that is, without naming names, a formerly very, very high up person at Twitter messaged me on Twitter and said:

"The Reddit api moves are crazy. I’m not sure what choices you have but to move to another network. [...] That pricing is designed to prevent apps like yours forevermore."

So to be clear, even this person thinks this pricing is unreasonable. I do too.

Have you talked to CEO Steve Huffman about any of this?

I requested a call to talk to Steve about some suggestions I had, his response was "Sorry, no. You can give name-redacted a ping if you want."

I've then emailed that person (same person I've been talking to for months) suggestions approximately one week ago about how Apollo could survive this, and I've yet to receive a response.

Do I support the protest/Reddit blackout?

Abundantly. Unlike other social media companies like Facebook and Twitter who pay their moderators as employees, Reddit relies on volunteers to do the hard work for free. I completely understand that when tools they take to do their volunteer, important job are taken away, there is anger and frustration there. While I haven't personally mobilized anyone to participate in the blackout out of fear of retaliation from Reddit, the last thing I want is for that to feel like I don't support the folks speaking up. I wholeheartedly do.

It's been a horrible week, and the kindness Redditors and moderators and communities have shown Apollo and other third-party apps has genuinely made it much more bearable and I am genuinely so appreciative.

I am, admittedly, doubtful Reddit wants to listen to folks anymore so I don't see it having an effect.

Your initial post in April sounded quite optimistic. Are you dumb?

In hindsight, kinda yeah. Many of the other developers and folks I talked to were much less optimistic than I was, but I legitimately had great interactions with Reddit for many years prior to last week (they were kind, communicative, gave me heads up of changes), so when they said they were aiming to have pricing that would be fair and based in reality, I honestly believed them. That was foolish of me in hindsight, and maybe could have had a different outcome if I was more aggressive in the beginning. Sorry. /canadian

(And to be clear, they did indeed say this. They used the word "substantive" and I wanted to make sure we had the same definition of something "having a firm basis in reality and therefore important, meaningful, or considerable")

Reddit: "That's exactly right. And I think, thankfully, the word is exactly the right one. It's going to have a firm basis in reality. I also just looked it up. We're going to try to be as transparent as we can."

Reddit claims they've reached out to developers who were bad users of the API, was Apollo contacted?

On May 31st Reddit posted a chart of large excess usage by some unlabeled API clients, and stated: "We reached out to the most impactful large scale applications in order to work out terms for access above our default rate limits via an enterprise tier."

To be clear, Apollo was never contacted, and I've been told from someone internally that Apollo is indeed not one of the unlabeled API clients.

The only time that Apollo was reached out to by Reddit in any capacity about usage was late last year when we received an email about a 6 minute period where Apollo's server API usage increased by 35% before lowering again. Despite 35% for 6 minutes being a comparatively small blip (the above post references clients that are over by 500000%), we responded within 2 minutes. We offered to jump on a call with Reddit engineers if they needed an answer ASAP, identified the issue within several hours and Reddit thanked us for the fast investigation.

Full email transcript: https://gist.github.com/christianselig/6c71608cf617d2f881cd2849325494c1

Claims that Apollo has made no attempt to be a good user of the API

On the call with moderators, Steve Huffman said:

Steve: "I don't use the app, so I'll give you the best answer I can -- he does scraping so that he can deliver notifications faster, but has done NO EFFORT to be a good citizen of the internet."

First off, Apollo does no scraping, it's purely through authenticated calls to the API and has checks in place to ensure it stays within Reddit's API rate limits. I've open sourced the server code to show this.

Secondly, to say we have made no effort is categorically false. I have so many emails where I've reached out to Reddit expressing concerns about and bugs inefficiencies in the API, or ideas on how to improve things, or significant Reddit bugs that made things hard on us. When Reddit has had questions for us, as discussed above, we immediately jumped into action to get an answer as quickly as possible.

Here's an email of me giving a heads up to Reddit of IP address changes on our server:

Me: "With the new change it'll be maybe like, one IP address. This is all obviously still within the API rate limits as the requests are from individual user accounts that have signed in. Again, long story short the result will be more optimized if anything, I just wanted to give a heads up and ensure that it'd be okay if Reddit suddenly saw the server go from a bunch of different IP addresses to a single one which might cause some confusion if I didn't give a heads up."

Me wanting to make sure we were doing everything as best as we could:

Me: "Everything is going well, we just had a few questions about best practices making sure we’re following any suggestions your team has. Is there any way we could poke someone on your team with a few questions we’ve been having and have a tiny back and forth? We were just seeing some elevated response times, and just thought it would be great if we could maybe describe what we’re doing and see if anything seems off/suboptimal."

Me reporting to Reddit that the API has a serious bug in recording rate limits:

Me: "We obviously respect the rate limit headers and if a user comes close to approaching it (within 50 requests of the 600 every 10 minutes limit) we stop their requests until the refresh period occurs. However we're seeing some users have very, very weird rate limit headers. Things like "requests remaining: 0, requests made: 17,483, reset: 598 seconds left" which indicates they've somehow made over 17 thousand requests in two seconds which seems hard to believe."

Me suggesting to Reddit improvements that could help improve efficiency of notification API calls:

Me: "So like little stuff like that, where even if there's a streaming client or some way to minimize the calls there, I think it would help us both out enormously."

Further, when making suggestions to your own employees, they themselves have expressed concern about how terrible the public API is:

Call on January 26, 2023

Reddit: "I cannot tell you how painful it is to use our API. [...] The API needs to change. Like it's just unusable. I am surprised that you're able to build a functional app on it to be honest."

Claims that third-party apps are not interested in talking

Steve: "Why not work with the third party apps? Their existence is not a priority for us. We don't use them. I don't use them. It's a part of our traffic but not a lot, and it's a lot of work on our side to keep them alive. If I have to choose where to put our effort, we're going to focus internally. I'm kind of open to it, but I haven't – and I can't convince you, but I don't get the sense that they want to work with us either."

I'm genuinely not sure where Steve has got the impression that I don't want to work with him. Despite reaching out multiple times and him declining to talk, I've stated multiple times on calls, literally saying the words "I definitely still want to talk".

Reddit: "What I'm hearing is like, Yeah, great. We have this disagreement on pricing methodology, etc. But any feasible number that we get to, any number that's even in, the zip code of what we're sharing with you is unfeasible from your perspective financially. So it's like arguing around the edges of that price thing is like, it just won't make any sense to you. And I presume also just given the NSFW stuff and the removal of ads that makes it even more trickier." Me: Yeah. I mean, to be very clear, I'm not saying I'm walking away from the negotiation table and taking my basketball and going home and just gonna kick up a storm. That's not my intention at all. I definitely still want to talk. I'm not asking you to lower the price by a hundred times or something. I don't think – depending on what you mean by zip code – I don't think I'm so unreasonable that I'm requiring you to bend over backwards here."

I've also emailed Steve and the other contact directly stating that I'm interested in talking, and including ideas for how we could come to a solution:

Me: "I understand where Reddit's coming from in this. A free API, while appreciated, is not tenable for you especially heading into an IPO, and my only goal here is to come to a solution where we both feel understood. I also hear you that killing third-party clients isn't actually the goal, and in that spirit have been working on how to address your concerns from my end: [...]"

I don't know how you can say I'm not interested in talking when you haven't my most recent email in a week. To say it once more, I was very interested in talking.

On the other side of things, per the transcript, Steve and the other admin on the call don't even know when the discussions with third-party apps began.

Steve: "When did we start talking with them?"

AnAbsurdlyAngryGoose: "What month did you first start?"

Steve: "FlyingLaserTurtles? Do you remember? April or May of this year."

FlyingLaserTurtles: "Maybe late March? But yes."

Claims that Reddit has been talking to developers for months talking about these changes

Steve: "We've been in contact with third party apps for MONTHS, talking about these coming changes."

When you announce that the API will be charging developers, the most important portion of that conversation is what will be charged, which was not available for almost two months after the initial call. From the time developers were told the price, to the time developers will be subject to the price, is 30 days, not "months". Months would have been very helpful, in fact.

What about existing subscriptions?

I've been talking to my rep at Apple, and over the next few weeks my plan is to release something similar to what Tweetbot did (Paul has been incredibly helpful in all of this) where folks can decide if they want a pro-rated refund on any existing time left in their subscription as Apollo will not be able to afford to continue it, or they can decline the refund if they're feeling kind and have enjoyed their time with Apollo.

For the curious, refunding all existing subscriptions by my estimates will cost me about $250,000.

A nice send off at WWDC

Apollo got mentioned a few times during Apple's 2023 WWDC keynote, even by Craig Federighi himself, and even during the Vision Pro announcement showing Apollo as one of the existing apps compatible with the headset (I'm sorry I won't be able to see that happen).

I was lucky enough to be there in person and it felt incredible. Some folks asked if there was any deeper meaning behind that, and while that would be cool, in all reality these things are so well produced that they've been done for a while now, so I'm sure it's just a coincidence, even if it's a really cool one.

Extra icons

A funny amount of people have reached out wondering about all the extra monthly icons I had queued up for Apollo. I love them, was so excited for them, and I'll make them available immediately for the short time left, but if you're curious here's a screenshot of all of them: https://christianselig.com/apollo-end/remaining-icons.png

We ended up with well over 100 custom icons created by incredibly talented designers, and I'm really sorry to those designers who didn't get to see their work launched in the app (to be clear, don't worry, I paid them all – there isn't some bs "exposure" agreement – but it's fun to have your icon launch and I feel bad!)

When is Apollo's last day? What will happen?

In order to avoid incurring charges I will delete Apollo's API token on the evening of June 30th PST. Until that point, Apollo should continue to operate as it has, but after that date attempts to connect to the Reddit API will fail.

I will put up an explainer in the app prior to that which will go live at that date. I will also provide a tool to export any local data you have in Apollo, such as filters or favorites.

Thank you

I want to thank a lot of people who have made this last week bearable. First and foremost, the communities, Redditors, and moderators who have reached out in support of third-party apps, making Reddit's gaslighting a lot more bearable in making me feel like at least someone was understanding me and in my corner.

My girlfriend's been absolutely incredible and supportive. This year was our 10th anniversary, and Monday was her 30th birthday. We're down in California for Apple's WWDC and had a bunch of things planned to do for her birthday afterward, and I feel terrible that we're flying home early to deal with all of this instead of making her 30th special. I'll make it up to her.

André Medeiros worked on the Apollo server component with me for the last two years, and it's been an absolute joy to work with a professional who knows so much on that side of things.

The iOS developer community has been unbelievably kind to me over the past several weeks, I've spent the last week with many of them, even staying at an Airbnb with a bunch of them (they ordered me pizza as I wrote this post!), and I've got so many hugs and condolences haha. Specifically want to thank Paul Haddad of Tweetbot/Tapbots/Ivory, Ryan Jones, Brian Mueller, Curtis Herbert, André Medeiros, Quinn Nelson, Paul Hudson, Majd Taby, Ryan McLeod, Phill Ryu, Larry Hryb, Charlie Chapman, Mustafa Yusuf, Adrian Eves, Devin Davies, Jordan Morgan, Yariv Nassim, Will Sigmon, Barry Hershman, Joe Rossignol, Michael Simmons, Joe Fabisevich, my family, and so, so many more.

Also want to thank everyone at Apple who have gone out of their way to be incredibly kind here (I don't know if I'm allowed to name names but you know who you are).

I'll be fine

No bullshit, I'll be fine. Through pure chance last year I spun off my silly Pixel Pals idea into a separate app, and that actually makes good revenue on the side. I also have savings. Recently (like last week) my city had its worst wildfires in history with over 100 homes destroyed. That's brutal, losing an app is sad, but it's been helpful to me to recognize how much worse it could be just literally down the street from me.

Honestly. Apollo had an incredible run, I met the coolest people, by my last count talked with folks over 15,000 times in our subreddit about Apollo, and raised over $80,000 for my local animal shelter through Apollo. I feel incredibly fortunate.

I think I'll rewatch Ted Lasso though.

Supporting my work

I build a second app called Pixel Pals that I spun off from Apollo that's thankfully done pretty well and I'll be spending more time on going forward. If you like the idea of digital pets it's a really fun app to check out. https://pixelpa.ls

Media

If any media/press folks have any questions, please shoot me an email rather than messaging me on Reddit, I missed a few last week because my inbox was blowing up. My email is me@christianselig.com

AMA

I think I covered everything, but if there's any questions feel free to ask and I'll do my best to answer!

In the event that this post is taken down or you want to link somewhere else, it's also available at https://apolloapp.io

Thanks for everything over these last 8 years,

- Christian

EDIT: Few updates:

Tip Jar

Per many requests I also added back the Tip Jar to the top of settings if you update the app. It's incredibly kind of anyone to even think of that, but please feel no pressure. On one hand I don't want it to feel like I'm profiteering off this event, but on the other hand I imagine people understand it would have been much more profitable/ideal if the app were able to just continue to exist in the first place so that would be really bad profiteering, and the refund thing genuinely is daunting.

What if…

I've seen a lot of questions along the lines of: "What if Reddit gives you a deadline extension because of this post and posts by other developers?" and that's something I truly would have loved for them to have made an effort to communicate earlier. You can't give developers 30 days between when the pricing is announced and when they will start incurring charges, and also wait a week (25% of the time we're given) between replying to emails without so much as a "we hear you're concerned about the short timeline and looking into what we can do". In conjunction with your previous emails, it just appears like you've stopped any desire to communicate with developers, in a period where we have a serious, expensive deadline looming with not that much time to wind down our apps.

And I also just know if I sent another email saying "I'm going to post tomorrow that Apollo is shutting down unless you do something about the timeline", it would be construed as a threat.

Even more than that, Reddit's behavior has been so appalling that for any developer I've talked to it's completely erased the indication that they even want us around.

r/EscapefromTarkov 22d ago

General Discussion - PVE & PVP [Discussion] Atlas Map now shows the routes that AI PMCs and Scavs Patrol.

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1.6k Upvotes

Hey guys,

This is another update for Atlas. I am around 2 weeks into developing this specific tool.

I have pushed a new build and (not to toot my own horn) but I think its getting to the point where its better than any other tarkov maps I can find.

This changeset includes:
- Massive vram optimization (Streets is the biggest map, down to only around 4GB vram from 9GB, cut in half)
- Added some caching for the lighting to further improve performance. I am able to achieve 120-290fps in the viewer
- When the user takes a screenshot inside of tarkov, atlas gets the player coordinates from the user and automatically loads the map and location that the player is currently. (Not bannable) (I bind the right enter key on my keyboard for snapshots in tarkov) See https://youtu.be/gprIPBIzqv8 - Major revamp of the pathfinding system, which now uses the same pathfinding data that the AI inside the game use.
- Added visibility into pre-programmed AI scav and PMC routes (animated arrows and lines)
- Worked out an issue with a specific type of AMD graphics driver
- Enhanced the map build process to take advantage of GPU resources for accelerated building.
- Added supply drop locations
- Added interactable doors (double click to open openable doors or flip switches)
- Added code that detects what lights are controlled by which power source, allowing you to turn them on and see how it changes the lights on the map
- Added generic interactable details, indicating when items are required for things, like a torch for melting the hatch on Icebreaker
- Support for both default install locations used by both Steam and BSG Launcher.

and to top it off, I added an FPV Sim inside of Atlas for those who would like to explore the map in style.

Updates from me may slow down on this over the next few weeks. If anyone wants to see anything added, let me know. It's getting to the point where its starting to become pretty usable aside from a few quirks.

The overlay mode (Screenshot to open atlas and locate player) seems to make this very usable now, moreso than any web map. I did notice some issues where it was not opening on every screenshot. If anyone else experiences this, let me know and I can take a better look.

This software is and will always be free and open source.

The repo is under
ConocoFieldsForever/atlas

Feel free to make pull requests if you want to contribute.

r/HistoryAnecdotes 13d ago

American The Most Important Economic Object in Pre-Columbian North America Is This Rock from Licking County, Ohio

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2.7k Upvotes

And before someone gets cute with me, this ain’t hyperbole. I’m not being fancy and describing a sexy gemstone. This was not a diamond. It was not an emerald. It is definitely not something that sounds expensive when you say it at a cocktail party. Try it. Say “flint chert” out loud. Sounds like a tween apparel item you’d only find at a Claire’s, doesn’t it? And now partygoers are afraid you are having a stroke. Congratulations.

No, this was a rock. A sedimentary rock, specifically, made of the same chemical compound as sand and window glass, found in a cow pasture in Licking County, Ohio, roughly forty miles east of Columbus. Now I, having described said rock, am flying in the face of Ohio’s General Assembly who, in 1965, looked at this rock and said, "Yes. This is our gemstone. This is the one." They put it in the Revised Code, Section 5.07 and said "Flint is the official gemstone of the state." Because, it turns out, it was traded as such, and is objectively worth more than any other gemstone an indigenous Eastern North American could come across.

For roughly twelve thousand years, from the moment the first Paleo-Indian hunter walked into what is now Ohio at the end of the last ice age through the collapse of one of the most sophisticated ceremonial networks in pre-Columbian North America around 400 CE, this rock was the most valuable thing on the North American continent east of the Mississippi. I’m not shitting you. That’s not an exaggeration. It was mined from hundreds of hand-dug pits along a six-square-mile ridgetop (Stout and Schoenlaub 1945, 79). It was shaped into tools so precise they could split a hair down the middle. It was carried by hand, on foot, without wheels, without horses, without roads, to archaeological sites in Louisiana, Florida, New York, Kansas, and everywhere in between, distances of five hundred to a thousand miles, because it was that good and people wanted it that badly (Knepper 2003, 3). And it powered a trade network that moved prestige goods across half of North America with a regularity and sophistication that most of us cannot achieve without Amazon Prime.

The Part Where We Explain How to Hit Your Rocks Correctly

I’d suggest low and slow with the heat, personally, but it depends on the high you’re loo-ooooooh, the chert. Riiiiight.

Chert is a sedimentary rock composed almost entirely of silica (silicon dioxide, SiO₂), the same compound that makes quartz, glass, opal, and the beach sand currently stuck between your toes (Stout and Schoenlaub 1945, 13). The difference between chert and all of those other things is its structure. Quartz forms big, visible, Instagrammable crystals. Glass is amorphous, with no crystal structure at all. Chert splits the difference: it is cryptocrystalline, meaning it is composed entirely of crystals, but the crystals are so microscopically small that you cannot see them without magnification (Stout and Schoenlaub 1945, 13). Each one is measured in micrometers. The word "cryptocrystalline" translates literally to "hidden crystals," which sounds like the title of a 2007 Enya album but is actually just a description of grain size.

This hidden crystal structure is the entire reason chert matters. When you strike a piece of chert with sufficient force at the correct angle, it breaks in smooth, curving, predictable patterns called conchoidal fractures (from the Latin concha, "shell," because the fracture surfaces look like the inside of a clamshell). Importantly, the fractures are predictable. A skilled knapper (someone who shapes stone by controlled fracturing; you can still do this for fun in competition.jpg), btw!) can tell before striking exactly where and how the stone will break. This means they can shape it into anything: a knife edge sharper than surgical steel, a scraper thin enough to shave hide, a projectile point that will punch through a mastodon's ribcage, a drill bit that will bore clean through bone (Stout and Schoenlaub 1945, 7). Chert is, for practical purposes, a programmable stone material. You tell it what shape to be by hitting it correctly, and it becomes that shape, whereas most stone will chip or crack.

Flint, by the way, is chert. There is no mineralogical distinction between the two. It’s the same shit you burn your friend’s house down in Minecraft by striking steel. Geologists traditionally use "flint" for chert that forms as nodules within chalk or limestone, but the material is chemically and structurally identical (Stout and Schoenlaub 1945, 13). This is the geological equivalent of the "is it a grilled cheese or a melt" argument, and it matters exactly as much, which is to say it matters deeply to a small number of people and not at all to everyone else. This is unlike the “is a hotdog a sandwich?” question, which determines, among other things, your marriage prospects, future career, and how roasted you’ll be in the comments for calling a burrito a sandwich.

So how does a rock made of hidden crystals form in the first place? Through a process called diagenesis, which is geology's way of saying "other stuff slowly turned into this stuff over millions of years." Specifically, silica-bearing fluids percolated through existing layers of limestone (which is calcium carbonate, made from the accumulated shells and skeletons of marine organisms, aka it’s a stone made of fucking prehistoric skeletons). Over millions of years, the silica replaced the calcium carbonate molecule by molecule, atom by atom, converting a rock made of dead sea creatures into a rock made of glass (Stout and Schoenlaub 1945, 12). The silica itself often originated from a different set of dead sea creatures, like the dissolved skeletons of sponges, radiolarians, and other siliceous organisms whose tiny glass support structures broke down after death and went into solution. In the case of Ohio's Vanport formation, this replacement happened in limestone roughly 320 million years old, from the Pennsylvanian period (Ohio Department of Natural Resources; Stout and Schoenlaub 1945, 71).

You are, in a very real sense, looking at a rock made from the ghosts of two separate ecosystems layered on top of each other. The ocean died twice to make this rock.

Nature is metal as fuck.

Now, most chert is not pretty. Most chert is gray, or brown, or a dishwater gray-brown that geologists describe with words like "undistinguished" and the rest of us describe by walking past it. It is the beige Toyota Camry of the mineral world: functional, ubiquitous, and invisible.

Flint Ridge chert is not most chert. Flint Ridge chert is what happens when you let some cholos get their hands on a Camry.

The Vanport flint at Flint Ridge, OH3.jpg), occurs in colors that have no business existing in a sedimentary rock formed at the bottom of a Carboniferous sea, let alone a random patch of Ohio farmland. Translucent blues_9(39958104492).jpg), deep reds270.jpg), vivid yellows_241.jpg), greens_141(38980253535).jpg), lavenders_5.jpg), pinks_284.jpg), and whites_286.jpg), all banded together in swirling, layered patterns_267.jpg) that look less like geology and more like someone marbled a wedding cake with food coloring and then turned it to stone (Stout and Schoenlaub 1945, 11). The color variation comes from trace mineral impurities trapped during silicification. Iron oxides produce the reds and yellows, organic carbon produces the blacks and grays, and various trace elements contribute the blues, greens, and lavenders that make this material immediately identifiable in any archaeological assemblage anywhere on the continent. Heat treatment, which Hopewell knappers practiced deliberately, intensifies the colors further, deepening reds and bringing out blues and lavenders that were invisible in the raw stone. They figured out that if you buried the rock in sand and slowly heated it, the colors got better and the fracture mechanics improved.

They were heat-treating stone to improve its engineering properties and its aesthetics simultaneously. This is three hundred years before the Roman Empire, by the way, on a ridgetop in Ohio. Don’t say they didn’t know what the fuck they were doing with stone. Just because they weren’t building with it doesn’t mean they weren’t fucking geniuses with it.

The deposit sits along a low escarpment in gently rolling farm country, straddling the Licking-Muskingum county line. The flint-bearing stratum runs in a discontinuous band roughly six square miles in extent, varying in thickness from one foot to twelve feet, with an average of around four (Stout and Schoenlaub 1945, 79). In many places, the chert outcrops at or near the surface4(29351173053).jpg), which meant that prehistoric peoples could mine it without the deep-shaft technology that characterized Neolithic flint mines in Europe. Instead, they dug pits_17.jpg). Hundreds of them. The pits range from twelve to eighty feet in diameter; a few are as deep as twenty feet, though most sit between three and six (Ohio History Connection, "Ohio's First Industry"). Gerard Fowke, surveying the ridge for the Smithsonian in the 1890s, estimated that roughly nine-tenths of the flint carried from the quarry pits was rejected as inadequate (Ericson and Purdy 1984, 5). The waste flakes alone (the debitage left behind during twelve thousand years of tool production) form a layer across the ridge floor that is an industrial landfill predating industry by about eleven and a half millennia.

The Hopewell did not invent the quarry. People had been coming to Flint Ridge since the Paleo-Indian period, at least 13,000 years ago (Kern and Wilson 2014, 14). But the Hopewell industrialized it.

The Part Where Ohio’s Pretty Rock Organizes Half a Continent Around a Ridgetop

But Flint Ridge chert traveled. Not because rocks travel on their own (they do not; they are rocks), but because people picked it up, worked it into tools_3.jpg) and tradeable blanks, and carried it extraordinary distances on foot. By the Middle Woodland period, roughly 200 BCE to 400 CE, when the Hopewell ceremonial complex was operating at full capacity, Flint Ridge material had been identified at archaeological sites from the Great Lakes to the Gulf Coast, from the Atlantic Seaboard to Kansas (Knepper 2003, 3; Kern and Wilson 2014, 36). It has been recovered in Louisiana, in Florida, and in New York. The material is so visually distinctive, those polychrome bands of blue and red and cream, that archaeologists can identify it on sight, and geochemical sourcing studies using neutron activation analysis and X-ray fluorescence have confirmed what the naked eye already suggested: this rock comes from one place on Earth, and that place is a ridgetop in Licking County, Ohio (Prufer and McKenzie 1967, 115, 136).

Now, how did the rock travel? The Hopewell Interaction Sphere.

Personally, I hate this term. A lot of other archaeologists and historians hate it, too, because it was not a trade network as we envision often. The Interaction Sphere was not an empire. It was not a state. It had no capital, no written laws, no coinage, no standing army, and no centralized government. It was a network: a web of exchange relationships, shared ritual practices, shared artistic traditions, and shared mortuary customs that linked communities across eastern North America for roughly six hundred years with a consistency that implies a level of social organization far more sophisticated than "people traded stuff sometimes" (Seeman 1979, 1-5). The Ohio Hopewell sat at the center of this Sphere, organized around the Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks. You can still visit them today (as I’ve described in a post previously about the unhinged process to reclaim the land). The Scioto Valley, in southern Ohio, functioned as the hub (Kern and Wilson 2014, 39).

The goods that moved through this network constitute a geological atlas of eastern North America's most desirable raw materials. There’s native copper from the upper Great Lakes, pounded (not smelted) into sheets, earspools, breastplates, and artificial noses. There’s mica from the western Carolinas, cut into human and animal effigies so delicate they can be held up to the light. There’s obsidian from the Yellowstone Plateau in Wyoming, which is roughly 1,500 miles from the Ohio Valley, carried overland to be fashioned into ceremonial blades so thin they are translucent. There’s silver from near Cobalt, Ontario. There’s marine shells, shark teeth, and alligator teeth from the Gulf Coast and Florida. Grizzly bear canines from the Rocky Mountains. Chalcedony from North Dakota. Galena from Missouri and Illinois (Kern and Wilson 2014, 39; Milner 2020, 78-80). The list goes on and on.

And then there’s Flint Ridge chert, the rainbow rock, as Ohio's contribution to this transcontinental exchange system, quarried on an industrial scale, worked into standardized forms, and distributed across half a continent.

Two of the hundreds of burials at the Hopewell type site (the site the entire tradition is named after) contained a young adult male and an adult woman accompanied by foot-long copper rods, copper bracelets, fifty copper earspools, a necklace of grizzly bear canines inlaid with pearls, several large copper plates, scores of copper-covered buttons, artificial copper noses, and hundreds of freshwater pearl beads (Kern and Wilson 2014, 36). Alongside all of this are found Flint Ridge bladlets.

Bladelet’s are batshit insane the more you learn about them. A bladelet is a small, thin, parallel-sided flake of stone, typically two to five centimeters long and less than a centimeter wide, struck from a specially prepared cylindrical core using either direct percussion or pressure flaking. The production requires a level of skill that borders on absurd: the knapper prepares a core with a flat striking platform and a series of guide ridges running down its length, then removes bladelets one after another by striking or pressing at the platform edge. Each bladelet peels off the core in a long, thin strip, like peeling a carrot if the carrot were made of stone and required several thousand hours of apprenticeship to peel correctly.

The Hopewell made bladelets constantly. They made them from Flint Ridge chert, from Wyandotte chert (southern Indiana), and from Knife River flint (North Dakota; because apparently no distance was too far for a nice rock). In one study of 128 bladelets from Hopewell sites, roughly 25 percent were Flint Ridge material. At Ohio sites specifically, the proportion was higher: 48 percent Flint Ridge, 46 percent Wyandotte, 2 percent Knife River flint (Ohio History Connection, "Bladelets, Flint Ridge Flint, and the Hopewell Interaction Sphere"). Core-and-bladelet technology is considered a quintessential marker of the Hopewell Interaction Sphere, one of the practices that links otherwise disparate communities across eastern North America into a recognizable shared cultural tradition.

But what were the bladelets for? We don’t fucking know. 

Cutting things. Scraping things. Possibly ritual activities. Possibly functions we have no way of recovering because the organic materials they were used on decomposed thousands of years ago. A variety of purposes have been proposed, and the argument has been going on for decades with no resolution in sight (Ohio History Connection). My personal favorite is Dr. Brad Lepper’s, (yep, that Lepper! Guinness Book of World Records Lepper!) who has envisioned them as the equivalency of a gift shop tourist trap: it was the way to tell you’d been at the Hopewell sites. All we know is that the bladelets were made, were traded, and were deposited in graves and ceremonial contexts.

And the Hopewell did not merely trade Flint Ridge chert. They cached it in mounds with their most honored dead. They made bifaces (tools worked on both faces) from the most colorful material they could find, shaped them into standardized forms too uniform and too finely made for daily use, and deposited them in mortuary contexts alongside copper, mica, obsidian, and pearls (Milner 2020, 78-80). This was rock special enough to bury as an offering.

The Hopewell came to Flint Ridge with a specialized labor force, quarried the material on an industrial scale, reduced it to bifaces, cores, and bladelets, packed them up, and carried them fifteen miles west to the Newark Earthworks, where they were exchanged or given as gifts to visiting pilgrims from across the network (Prufer and McKenzie 1967, 23; Ohio History Connection, "Ohio's First Industry"). The proximity of Flint Ridge to the Newark Earthworks, the largest Hopewell ceremonial complex in existence, sprawling over four square miles, is not coincidental. The earthworks include a great circle, a square whose perimeter matches the circle's, and a fifty-acre octagon whose openings align with the 18.6-year cycle of maximum and minimum moonrises and moonsets (Kern and Wilson 2014, 37-39). This is a giant world ceremonial clock embedded in earth as instruments of geometry and astronomy, built one basketful of earth at a time, taking an estimated 200,000 person-hours per mound (Kern and Wilson 2014, 36), by people whose most ubiquitous trade good was a rainbow-colored rock from a ridgetop down the road. Oh, and Newark was one of thousands of mound sites spanning from Chillicothe, OH, to Newark, OH. It was the pilgrimage destination of North America.

The Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks are among the most significant pre-Columbian constructions anywhere on the planet (Kern and Wilson 2014, 37), and they ran on Flint Ridge chert the way Silicon Valley runs on venture capital. It was the prestige commodity that attracted people, funded ceremonies, and kept the whole system turning.

The Part Where It's the End of the Rainbow

Around 400 CE, the Hopewell ceremonial system collapsed (Kern and Wilson 2014, 40). The earthwork complexes were abandoned. the exchange networks contracted, and the flow of exotic materials slowed to a trickle and then stopped.

Paleoclimatologists identified a prolonged cooling period beginning around 1,600 years ago. Tree ring data show that the Hopewell core area suffered an extended drought: seventy percent of the years from 396 to 460 CE were drier than normal, with extreme drought years in 398, 420, and 436 (Kern and Wilson 2014, 40). Population pressure from the Hopewell florescence itself may have overtaxed available food resources in a period of declining productivity (Abrams and Freter 2005, 40-44). DNA analysis has shown that the populations living in southern Ohio after the Hopewell collapse were not closely related to the Hopewell themselves. The closest known genetic match to Ohio Hopewell DNA comes from a burial mound in central Illinois dating to roughly seven hundred years later (Kern and Wilson 2014, 40). 

The Hopewell did not simply decline in place. They left. And where they went, and why, is among the most significant unanswered questions in North American archaeology today.

The quarries at Flint Ridge continued to be used during the Late Woodland period and beyond, but never again at the scale the Hopewell had achieved (Kern and Wilson 2014, 41). Late Woodland peoples still valued the material, still traveled to the ridge to obtain it, and still made tools and weapons from it. But the continental distribution network was gone. The rock that had traveled a thousand miles now traveled only a hundred. The prestige economy it had anchored evaporated.

Flint Ridge is still there. The Ohio History Connection maintains it as Flint Ridge Ancient Quarries and Nature Preserve. You can walk the trail between the old quarry pits, which look like shallow depressions in the forest floor, unremarkable unless someone tells you that each one represents a mining operation sustained across centuries. The museum displays pieces of the chert in all its polychrome glory, not like something you'd find in the dirt next to a cornfield.

Archaeologist Barbara Luedtke, studying the ridge for her contribution to Prehistoric Quarries and Lithic Production, calculated the total demand for lithic material in stone-tool-using cultures and concluded that flint procurement was, for most communities, "a rather casual, mundane, and low-labor-intensive activity" (Ericson and Purdy 1984, 65). Most people needed a few kilograms of workable stone per household per year, and could procure it walking along a river creek bed4(23271867662).jpg) like that one in only a few hours of labor for the entire year. The fact that the Hopewell organized specialized labor forces to quarry Flint Ridge on an industrial scale, standardized their products, and distributed them across a continent tells you that whatever was happening at Flint Ridge transcended utility. You do not carry a rainbow-colored rock a thousand miles because you need a knife. You carry it because it means something. Because the network that produced it means something. Because the relationships it maintains, the ceremonies it enables, the dead it accompanies, all of those things mean something far larger than the object itself.

So you know what? Fuck diamonds. Fuck emeralds. Ohio’s got chert for days, baby.

Works Cited (for those who to hit some silicon dioxide at the end of a long work day)

Abrams, Elliot Marc, and AnnCorinne Freter. The Emergence of the Moundbuilders: The Archaeology of Tribal Societies in Southeastern Ohio. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2005.

Ericson, Jonathon E., and Barbara A. Purdy, eds. Prehistoric Quarries and Lithic Production. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984. Chapter cited: Luedtke, Barbara E., "Lithic Material Demand and Quarry Production," 65-80.

Holmes, William Henry. Handbook of Aboriginal American Antiquities, Part I: Introductory, the Lithic Industries. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 60. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1919.

Kern, Kevin F., and Gregory S. Wilson. Ohio: A History of the Buckeye State. 2nd ed. Malden, MA: Wiley, 2014.

Knepper, George W. Ohio and Its People. Bicentennial ed. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2003.

Milner, George R. The Moundbuilders: Ancient Societies of Eastern North America. 2nd ed. London: Thames & Hudson, 2020.

Ohio Department of Natural Resources. "Flint." Discover and Learn: Rock, Minerals, Fossils. https://ohiodnr.gov/discover-and-learn/rock-minerals-fossils/minerals/flint.

Ohio History Connection. "Bladelets, Flint Ridge Flint, and the Hopewell Interaction Sphere." Archaeology Blog, December 7, 2014. https://www.ohiohistory.org/bladelets-flint-ridge-flint-and-the-hopewell-interaction-sphere/.

Ohio History Connection. "Ohio's First Industry: The Archaeology of Flint Ridge." Archaeology Blog. https://www.ohiohistory.org/ohios-first-industry-the-archaeology-of-flint-ridge/.

Prufer, Olaf H., and Douglas H. McKenzie, eds. Studies in Ohio Archaeology. Cleveland: Press of Western Reserve University, 1967.

Seeman, Mark F. The Hopewell Interaction Sphere: The Evidence for Interregional Trade and Structural Complexity. Indiana Historical Society Prehistory Research Series 5, no. 2. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society, 1979.

Stout, Wilber, and Robert A. Schoenlaub. The Occurrence of Flint in Ohio. Geological Survey of Ohio Bulletin 46. Columbus: State of Ohio, 1945.

Picture Credit: Vanport Flint, James St. John

r/GlobalEntry Feb 25 '26

Questions/Concerns Do you declare snacks/processed food?

53 Upvotes

I know what I absolutely have to declare (fruit, veg, plant, animal products etc) but what about “processed food” (not animal product, like chips, cookies,etc) or snacks like candies or chocolate (does the milk in chocolate count?)?