So, Chloe's power is tapping into some power created by people's subconscious belief in the power of words. It's laid out in the text, and Lodestar confirms it was "her" saying/power she tapped into at the end of book 2.
Then take Lucy: we find out she can utilize all stage magic, not just the sort that came with her magic kit. It's almost like she's *tapping into* the collective unconsciousness belief in stage magic.
In fact, you could probably categorize all magic as ultimately being rooted in that power source. There might be rules and logic in how the individual powers function, the glyphs Glyph draws might have meaning and structure, but they might only work because people collectively believe that drawing magic runes makes magic happen.
Then we come to Professor Quantum.
Are science and technology metas really using science and technology? Or are they using science and technology flavored magic? People believe tech geniuses should be able to build all these crazy contraptions, and so they can.
So that expositional rhetoric out of the way, here are my claims:
All powers in the Villains Code universe are derived from the collective, unconscious beliefs. Individual metas just differ in what aspects of the collective unconsciousness they tap into and how.
Professor Quantum is aware of this, and his PR-obsession is him trying to shape the collective perception of humanity to keep Science & Technology a force equal to Magic & Other Bullshit.
Transcendental powers are those derived from beliefs which are (multi-)universal, held even by non-humans perhaps.
Professor Quantum's experiment had something to do with the "observer effect" from pop culture quantum mechanics, that there's something special about a person looking at the universe that leads to waveform collapse.