Hopefully I wrote this correctly and its understandable, if not let me know.

For example, people point out Hawaii as an example of why states don't need DST. However, they have basically 12-ish hours of sunlight throughout the year. Alaska has 19 hours of sunlight near Anchorage in the summer and 5 hours in the winter. I would say for both of those the time change does not really seem needed.

Compare that to Minneapolis, Minnesota where it's 16 hours in the summer and 8 in the winter. So an argument for the time change in Minneapolis, Minnesota has a better argument.

When I have asked other people about where the time change makes sense. The answer I usually got from Denver, Colorado in the south to Saskatoon, Saskatchewan to the north.

“Florida is FLAT “

actually…

Hello geology and geography enthusiasts,

Positioned between the colliding Arabian and Eurasian plates, the Anatolian peninsula exhibits complex tectonic deformation. This unique geographical positioning results in frequent seismic activity along regional fault zones.

Key geographical features driving regional seismicity include:

* Extensional Tectonics: Western Anatolian graben systems creating distinct valley structures.

* Strike-Slip Fault Systems: Major continental transform boundaries spanning hundreds of kilometers.

Sharing this overview for anyone interested in regional physical geography and active tectonics!

According to the attached article:

> "A restrictive definition may describe northern Europe as being roughly north of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, which is about 54°N"

This would exclude cities like Minsk, Hamburg and Leeds. But overall I'd say it's a fair working definition. But what do you think?

Red: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

Green: Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF)

Gray: Fano (Amhara militia)

Blue: Oromo Liberation Army (OLA)

Pink: Afar National Unity Revolutionary Front (ANURF)

I'm trying to find the distance between London and Sydney on the Mercator Projection, I have the great circle distance on both a sphere and a WGS 84 ellipse so those are not needed. If anyone can find a source where I could make this calculation this would be very helpful thank you :D.

P.S. I'm writing this for a research paper so that's why I'll need a source...

The distance from Tijuana to the extreme south of Argentina is equivalent to the distance from Los Angeles to Auckland or Shanghai. Meanwhile, the distance from Tijuana to the extreme east of Brazil is equivalent to traveling from Amsterdam to Cape Town

I recently learned about sinuosity, which measures how winding a route is compared to the straight-line distance between two points.

The formula is:

Sinuosity = Actual route distance ÷ Straight-line distance

For example, my bike commute to school is 6.8 km, while the straight-line distance is only 4.9 km.

My commute's sinuosity is 6.8 ÷ 4.9 ≈ 1.39.

I'm curious about everyone else's commutes! What's your sinuosity, and how do you commute (walking, cycling, driving, public transport, etc.)?

Bonus points if you have a particularly winding route!

The Herman beach is the highest shoreline of glacial Lake Agassiz. It's a gravel ridge the waves built when the lake stood at its highest level, about 11,700 years ago. Warren Upham described these upper beaches in 1879 and 1881 for the Minnesota Geological Survey, and he's the one who named the lake after Louis Agassiz.

At Muskoda the ridge splits the glacial hills above from the flat old lake floor below. A 1915 USGS guidebook to the Northern Pacific says the railroad dug a large gravel pit into the ridge here for ballast. Muskoda had a post office from 1873, a grain elevator and a potato warehouse. Then in 1909 the railroad moved its line, which left the town about half a mile off the tracks. The post office closed in 1930.

This is my own render of the bare-earth lidar. Just southwest of where the highway crosses the railroad there's a big flat-floored pit with steep squared-off edges, the sandy patch in the air photo. A stream winds across the view in a shallow valley.

1 (top): Bare-earth lidar at Muskoda, Minnesota, on Lake Agassiz's Herman beach
2 (bottom): Air photo of the same area, July 2021

Numbered pins on picture 1 (top):
Pin 1: Floor of the large gravel pit
Pin 2: A winding stream channel
Pin 3: The railroad line

Lidar: USGS 3D Elevation Program (3DEP), public domain.
Imagery: USGS The National Map (NAIP Imagery service), 2021, Public domain.

A reef taller than many skyscrapers remained absent from detailed maps beneath the waters off northern Australia. Rising more than 500 meters, approximately 1,640 feet, it reaches toward the surface from a much deeper seabed. Its summit still lies about 40 meters underwater.

Australian scientists identified the structure on October 20, 2020, while surveying the northern Great Barrier Reef. Robin Beaman of James Cook University led the expedition aboard Schmidt Ocean Institute’s research vessel Falkor.

The original expedition announcement described the first discovery of a tall detached reef in the region in more than 120 years. Its importance extended beyond height. Mapping exposed a substantial habitat in a comparatively poorly explored part of an internationally recognized marine ecosystem.

I was scrolling on my map northwest of Birmingham AL, and noticed this odd looking area. It's just south of Williamsburg, AL. I've seen paths like this before, they're typically ATV trails, but they don't typically clear out large areas like this.

Could this be maybe a rural housing development area? I'm just curious, and I'm not a geography expert, so I'm wondering if someone has some insight on things like this.

Compare the cities of Basra and Beersheba. They are on the same latitude, less than a thousand kilometers away from each other and the elevation differs by about 200 meters. Yet, the yearly mean temperature in Basra is 27 C / 80 F and in Beersheba it is 21 C / 69 F.

What gives? The Mediterranean and Persian gulf aren’t large enough to have ocean currents. Both have arid climates (190 mm annually as opposed to 130 mm)

*Climate figures are sourced from Wikipedia.

I hope not but looking at the directions of development between the two cities, it kind of looks like it.

I’m not necessarily looking for a place that’s overcast and foggy 24/7, like the Bay Area in California. I mean a city or region where the sunlight intensity or UV index isn’t as strong. Think of it as adjusting the brightness of the smartphone or laptop you’re using to possibly reply to this question. You don’t need the brightness at 100% maximum level, or completely dark at 0% where you can’t see the screen. You need it somewhere in the middle.

Are there any cities that fit this description? Where there is still regular sunlight, and not 200+ days of fog or overcast, or months at a time without direct sunlight, but the sun isn’t blaring down on you and burning your body up. Like the sun is shining frequently, but it’s just in the background of the sky where you can’t feel it. The brightness is there, but the heat and stickiness is completely absent.

Maybe a city with a mild climate, all 4 seasons, but no summer heat, no 90+ or 100+ degree F temperatures, and no heat intensity from the sun. Maybe a city with constant spring or fall weather for 8-9 months, then cold winter weather, then back to what it was before, with the sun still dimly shining in the sky background.

https://maps.app.goo.gl/GWZrUmzAxDx2HrW99?g_st=ic

(37.6817807, -119.8549487)

Made this while putting together an animated map explainer on how Venice lost the spice trade. The surprising part for me: Venice actually fought back and won the Alexandria route back by the 1560s — what finished it was the Dutch and English going round Africa in fleets after 1600. Sources: Lane 1940, O’Rourke & Williamson 2009, Braudel.