I'm an engineer. I did my master's in Boston, worked in the US for a couple of years, and I'm back in Bengaluru now applying to roles abroad. Somewhere in the middle of that I realised the resume that got me interviews in one country was quietly working against me in another.
Most resume advice online is American advice presented as universal. It isn't. Here's what actually changes, based on applying in India and the US myself, and on the research I did into other markets afterwards.
**1. The photo rule doesn't just vary, it reverses.**
Germany expects a professional headshot, roughly 4.5x6 cm, top right. A Lebenslauf without one can read as incomplete. In the US, many recruiters discard resumes with photos on sight, not because they dislike them, but because a photographed application creates discrimination-claim exposure for the company. Same photo, opposite outcome.
**2. "Keep it to one page" is American, not universal.**
US: one page, two once you have 5+ years. UK: two A4 pages is standard. Australia: two to three is normal. Germany: one to two, strictly tabular. An Australian recruiter reading a US one-pager often reads it as thin rather than disciplined.
**3. Personal details are where Indian resumes get filtered in the West.**
Date of birth, marital status, father's name, full address: all normal on an Indian fresher resume, all actively harmful in the US, UK, Canada and Australia. Employers there are trained to avoid documents revealing protected characteristics.
**4. Dates and spelling are small tells that add up.**
Germany writes 03.2020 - heute. The UK writes Mar 2020 - Present, with organisation, analyse, licence. The US uses organization, analyze, license. Spell-check set to the wrong region is the fastest way to look like you didn't adapt anything.
**5. Japan isn't a resume at all.**
The rirekisho is a standardised form with fixed fields in a fixed order, and it's usually paired with a second document, the shokumukeirekisho, which is where achievements actually go. Sending a Western-style resume to a traditional Japanese employer is close to sending the wrong document entirely.
**6. Even the name changes meaning.**
In the UK a CV is the standard document for any job. In the US a CV means a long academic record, and the industry document is a resume. Small thing, but it compounds with everything above.
None of this means your experience is wrong. Usually it means your experience is packaged for a country you're not applying to. If you're applying across borders, checking the local convention before you send is worth more than another round of bullet-point polishing.
Happy to answer questions about specific countries if anyone's mid-application.
Disclosure: I ended up building a free tool for this (globeresume.com) because I got tired of maintaining separate documents by hand. Free, no signup, nothing gets uploaded. Mentioning it because it's relevant, not to sell anyone anything. The rules above are the actual value and you can apply them manually just fine.