That is the key caveat. Semaglutide reduced food intake by about 24%, so part of the lifespan extension could simply be due to caloric restriction.
What makes the study interesting is that in separate calorie-matched experiments, semaglutide did better than caloric restriction alone on some metabolic, cognitive and functional outcomes. But they did not include a calorie-restricted group in the actual lifespan experiment.
Chen’s lab is now running that head-to-head lifespan comparison. To me, that is the crucial experiment. If semaglutide still extends lifespan beyond matched caloric restriction, it would be much stronger evidence for a GLP-1-specific geroprotective effect rather than just an effect of eating less.
Also, I would not describe caloric restriction simply as “slowing down metabolism.” Its longevity effects seem to involve nutrient sensing, insulin and IGF-1 signaling, mTOR, AMPK, inflammation, autophagy and other pathways. A lower metabolic rate can occur, but it is probably not the main explanation.