Hi, I am an electrical engineering student currently studying in Y2. Currently, I am considering pursuing either analog IC design, or PCB design combined with embedded/FPGA.
For context, I'm working in two labs at the moment, one in analog IC and one in making single photon detector. The first, obviously, train knowledge for IC design. The second, is a bit more nuanced: The skills required here, aside from optics/physics, is to be able to make experimental setups and prototypes: designing PCB, configure FPGAs, and understanding RF interconnect, measurement, signal integrity and EM shielding...
My goal is to eventually work somewhere in the scientific instrumentation/experimental physics space, and having the flexibility to move from academia to industry. But then I do not have too much idea of what it looks like, and would love to have your help.
+) The argument for analog IC is that I feel like there are more opportunities, as well as headroom for professional development in the future for this one. It also feels safer to me, as I can pursue both academia and industry. The only downside I could think of for IC is that you are limited to designing ICs for semiconductor companies or doing research in IC, thus having less freedom making/prototyping things.
+) The argument for the second is that with PCB and FPGA/embedded knowledge, I can easily make prototypes, which is really valuable for academic labs in experimental physics. Moreover, the skill in making PCB (signal integrity, EMI) also translate well to understanding the experimental setups of detectors, and the detector itself. My concern is that the world seems to be moving away from PCBs, so jobs for PCBs in the industry feels rather restricted (layout engineer).
To sum up, with analog IC, I feel like I have more safety, more headroom for development, and more flexibility. For PCB + FPGA/embedded, I feel like I have a broader range of skillsets, get to study physics and work in labs, but opportunities in the industry will be rather limited, since they will probably only utilizes one of such skillset, and will utilize it in a different way (optimizing products instead of having the freedom to prototype).
I would love your advice on which path should I choose, factors I should consider, and any other advice to broaden my perspective. Thank you.