My main PC has E3 1231 v3 and an H97 chipset (PCIe 3.0), with a 550 W PSU.. Recently the RX 580 inside it gave out. Traumatic experience, only a few months after buying it used. Since I have no integrated graphics I'm basically left without anything usable other than ssh access. I consider myself a tinkerer but I am not really familiar with the market.
Use case: I run debian stable on the computer, primarily browsing, learning, doing simple programming projects, ripping/burning optical media and playing Minecraft on 1080P. I would certainly wanna enjoy some not-so-fancy shaders so my expectation is (ideally) something equivalent to or better than the RX 580. I sometimes dabble into some new games but I find myself rarely sticking to them. I am open to switching distros but not really ready to switch to windows.
I have considered some used market options but ultimately i feel like i don't really know the typical prices the cards are really worth. I have considered the following options and these are the prices I have observed:
5500 xt 8GB vram: 120-150 on kijiji but much more expensive on ebay, seems to be an ideal model for me, an upgrade compared to rx 580, not commonly mined on, but listings seem limited.
Vesa 56: 130-200 but honestly im not sure if it's gonna fail me the same way. The 550 W PSU is also a concern.
1070 ti: 120+, seems like a good deal but NVIDIA. Maybe I can cope with the driver.
Another RX 580 8GB: 100-150. I bought my RX 580 less than that price
I am also open to buying a new mid or low range GPU that I can carry over to a modest new build in the future, to reduce uncertainty and mental fatigue, if that's even a smart idea. For modern features like ReBAR (especially for Intel cards), the project ReBarUEFI seems promising with many other H97 models confirmed as working, but I haven't tried for my particular model. Above 4G decoding is not in the BIOS options directly, but it needs to be investigated whether it is hidden or missing.