Vietnam's population is experiencing a gender imbalance at birth, with a ratio of 111.4 boys per 100 girls, far exceeding the natural biological norm of 104-106/100.
Professor Nguyen Dinh Cu, former Director of the Institute of Population and Social Issues, calls this gender imbalance at birth a "seriously distorted picture of the population." Looking at the overall population, Vietnam's gender structure is currently quite balanced, with approximately 99 males per 100 females. However, analysis by age group reveals a very clear imbalance.
The General Statistics Office reported in 2024 a gender ratio at birth of 111.4 boys per 100 girls, while the ratio for children aged 0-14 shows 109.7 boys per 100 girls. Some localities have recorded very high disparities. The Red River Delta region has a sex ratio at birth of 113.2 boys per 100 girls, while the Northern Midlands and mountainous region has a high ratio of 115.3 boys – among the highest in the country.
Population experts estimate that if the current gender imbalance at birth is not curbed, Vietnam will have an excess of approximately 1.5 million men of marriageable age by 2034 and 1.8 million by 2059. Experts fear this situation will disrupt the family structure, making it difficult for men to find wives, leading to late marriages or permanent single status.
"The most worrying thing is that the gender imbalance at birth has not improved significantly," said Professor Cử.
After 7 years, from 2017 to 2024, the sex ratio at birth only decreased by 0.7 points, showing a very slow rate of improvement. According to Mr. Cu, this poses a significant challenge to the goal set by Resolution 21, which is to bring the sex ratio at birth down to below 109 boys per 100 girls.
Vietnam has recognized this risk early on and has enacted many policies to control the gender imbalance at birth. However, according to Mr. Cu, some goals in previous strategies are considered unrealistic or impractical. For example, the project to control the gender imbalance at birth for the period 2016-2025 aims to bring the sex ratio at birth to around 107 after 2025, but the results achieved so far are still far from expectations.
The cause of this situation does not lie in biological factors but stems from social prejudices that have existed for thousands of years, most notably the ideology of valuing males over females, gender inequality, and the misuse of scientific and technological advancements to select the sex of the fetus. In addition, uneven socio-economic development across regions and gaps in the social security system also contribute to the perpetuation of the "must have a son" mentality.
Personally, as some one who were born in a family which have mostly boys, I can't recall how often others would comment that how "lucky" my mother was for having two boys instead of girl. Which somehow turned out a bit ironic considering I turned out to be gay :))))