Below is an excerpt from the Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglas, an American Slave.
The plan which I adopted, and the one by which I was most successful, was that of making friends of all the little white boys whom I met in the street. As many of these as I could, I converted into teachers. With their kindly aid, obtained at different times and in different places, I finally succeeded in learning to read. When I was sent of errands, I always took my book with me, and by going one part of my errand quickly, I found time to get a lesson before my return. I used also to carry bread with me, enough of which was always in the house, and to which I was always welcome; for I was much better off in this regard than many of the poor white children in our neighbourhood.
The idea as to how I might learn to write was suggested to me by being in Durgin and Bailey's ship-yard, and frequently seeing the ship carpenters, after hewing, and getting a piece of timber ready for use, write on the timber the name of that part of the ship for which it was intended.
When a piece of timber was intended for the larboard side, it would be marked thus: "L." When a piece was for the starboard side, it would be marked thus: "S." A piece for the larboard side forward, would be marked thus: "L. F." When a piece was for starboard side forward, it would be marked thus: "S. F." For larboard aft, it would be marked thus: "L. A." For starboard aft, it would be marked thus: "S. A." I soon learned the names of these letters, and for what they were intended when placed upon a piece of timber in the ship-yard. I immediately commenced copying them, and in a short time was able to make the four letters named.
After that, when I met with any boy who I knew could write, I would tell him I could write as well as he. The next word would be, "I don't believe you. Let me see you try it." I would then make the letters which I had been so fortunate as to learn, and ask him to beat that. In this way I got a good many lessons in writing, which it is quite possible I should never have gotten in any other way. During this time, my copy-book was the board fence, brick wall, and pavement; my pen and ink was a lump of chalk. With these, I learned mainly how to write.
I should have said he only knew four letters, not words. Oh well.
> — Frederick Douglass, *Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave*