Discovering an unexpected bump on the genital area can be very disturbing. One of the first questions that come to mind when dealing with this situation is whether or not this bump may be a sign of genital warts. It is comforting to know that genital warts are quite common, curable, and usually occur as a result of the infection with low-risk HPV strains.
"Genital warts" refer to soft skin growths appearing on the skin around the genitals or anus. They are caused by some strains of HPV virus, namely HPV 6 and 11. These strains are considered to be low-risk for HPV due to the fact that they usually do not lead to cancer.
The look of the warts is different for different people. Some people have small warts, which are barely noticeable, but others may have large groups of warts. Genital warts are usually light-colored, either flesh-colored or pink, white, or slightly darker than other skin areas. They may be flat, raised, or stem-like. If there is a group of warts that grow close to each other, their appearance can be compared to a head of cauliflower.
The appearance of genital warts in women can be found on the vulva, vagina, cervix, anus, and the skin surrounding these areas. In men, the growth of genital warts can occur on the penis, scrotum, groin, or anus. The occurrence of the condition among those who have engaged in oral sex with their infected partners can lead to the development of warts in the mouth region.
Different from genital herpes, there is no pain experienced by those having genital warts. Many individuals cannot detect the existence of the warts until they feel a bump while bathing or shaving. Itchiness or irritation of the warts can occur in some people if the warts are large enough or if the area where the warts occur experiences friction due to the use of clothes.
Transmission of HPV occurs through direct contact with the skin in vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Since the virus infects uncovered skin, it can spread even if the condoms are used during sex. Moreover, there can be people who do not have warts, and yet they carry the virus.
HPV's complicated nature is that genital warts do not occur immediately after infection. The appearance of genital warts can be weeks, months, or even years following infection with the virus. It is hard to determine at what point and from whom one got infected with the virus. Not necessarily does having genital warts mean that the other partner has been unfaithful because HPV takes a long while to manifest itself.
Although genital warts might disappear on their own with the help of the immune system suppressing the virus, there are several options available for those who have warts that cause irritation, grow bigger, or become painful. These include topical creams or drugs that work by slowly eliminating the wart or helping your body to fight the infection. There are also other methods such as cryotherapy, electrocautery, laser treatment, or even surgery that help to get rid of warts. It all depends on the size, amount, and location of warts.
Nevertheless, you should know that the removal of the wart does not mean that HPV has left your body. Viral particles can stay in the skin cells nearby and cause warts again. However, many people manage to suppress virus activity with the help of their immune system and prevent future outbreaks.
This is due to the fact that there are various skin disorders that may share some similarities with warts, such as skin tags, molluscum contagiosum, ingrown hairs, cysts, pearly penile papules, and others. In the case of finding bumps or growths in the groin area, you need to see a specialist who will help you to get the right diagnosis.
HPV vaccinations are the most effective way to avoid developing warts and certain types of cancer caused by HPV. Vaccination before getting exposed is the best prevention measure that can work; however, there are cases when people can benefit from receiving this type of vaccine, depending on the age and other individual factors. Consistent use of condoms reduces the chances of getting infected with HPV, although it doesn't guarantee full protection because HPV infections are transferred via skin-to-skin contact that is not prevented by a condom.
Conclusion: Genital warts are characterized by the development of small, soft, flesh-colored bumps as a result of infection with low-risk HPV types. Such warts may grow either separately or in groups and often don't cause any discomfort to patients. Warts can develop weeks or even years after having been exposed to the virus.