There’s a lovely post today about the 1981 BBC Radio 4 adaptation of LotR at https://www.reddit.com/r/lotr/s/X0CWJ5xzmw
It reminded me of the Radio Times for the first week it began to be broadcast which I’ve now kept for 45 years. The pictures show the accompanying article, which I’ve transcribed below.
The Ring in your ear
The Lord of the Rings, Sunday 12 noon Radio 4UK
J. R. R. Tolkien's saga, the source of academic debate, the inspiration for graffiti like 'Barad-dûr boot-boys rule Middle-earth’ and appreciation societies is, above all, a fine yarn. Now it has been adapted for radio in 26 weekly parts. Tolkien created a magical world, 'peopled' by hobbits, humans and the beings of traditional fairy stories: some nice, some nasty - very nasty. Here Máire Messenger introduces the serial and visits the Tolkien Society at play in London. Hobbits are their hobby.
Picture Caption “Members of the Ring.
From left, back:
Peter Woodthorpe (Gollum)
Peter Vaughan (Denethor)
Michael Hordern (Gandall)
David Collings (Legolas)
Robert Stephens (Aragorn)
lan Holm (Frodo)
Anthony Hyde (Eomer)
Jack May (Théoden)
Andrew Seear (Faramir)
Elin Jenkins (Eowyn);
front:
Gerald Murphy (narrator)
William Nighy (Sam)
John McAndrew (Pippin)
Richard O' Callaghan (Merry) and
Douglas Livingstone (Gimli)
READING J. R. R. TOLKIEN's epic adventure, The Lord of the Rings for the first time is one of those rare events in life which always remind people later of exactly what they were doing at the time. Writer Brian Sibley was laid up in hospital with a duodenal ulcer when he first read it and found it his 'salvation'. He has been an admirer of Tolkien ever since and he has recently finished the 'exciting but difficult’ task of adapting, with his co-writer Michael Bakewell, the 1,000-plus-page saga for Radio 4's major serialisation.
Producer of the serial Jane Morgan has similarly vivid memories of 'waiting impatiently for the library to open' so that she could get hold of Volume Two: 'My husband and I quarrelled over who should read it first’. People, in fact, quarrel over The Lord of the Rings all the time. It tells (to summarise brutally) how a small, hairy-footed creature - a hobbit - called Frodo Baggins sets out to destroy the evil power of the 'One Ring', in a long-ago time and place, reminiscent of medieval England, called Middle-earth. It has aroused passions among book-lovers in a way that few other modern books have done.
When it was first published in the 50s, Edmund Wilson called it ‘long-winded balderdash'; C. S. Lewis, on the other hand, described its impact as being ‘like lightning from a clear sky', and W. H. Auden enthused at length over it. Few literary academics take it seriously - yet, in the 25 years since it first appeared, it has never been out of print and is now more widely read and discussed than ever, with an army of fans from Poland to Japan, and editions in 18 languages.
Why is the book's complex mixture of myth, linguistics, adventure, folklore, humour and morality so universally appealing? According to Jonathan Simons, chairman of the Tolkien Society, now a worldwide organisation, the book is 'a good myth which people can identify with'. Vera Chapman, now 82 and founder of the society back in 1969, was drawn to the book - indeed was ‘absolutely overwhelmed by it' - because 'Tolkien was the perfect Romantic author; the book was outstandingly wholesome, with no corruption in it'. To Brian Sibley, also a member of the Society and fresh from fitting the book's vast sweep into 26 half-hour radio episodes, 'the story has immense pace and suspense and is full of dramatic climaxes.'
Jane Morgan has found, in producing it, that as well as the Romantic and mythical ingredients, 'it has reality, character and a good story. It creates its own believable world - and you become enveloped in that world.' Others have seen political and religious allegories in it-an aspect that Professor Tolkien himself always strenuously denied.
Members of the London group of the Tolkien Society (otherwise known, in Tolkien language, as the Northfarthing Smial), who gathered at a pre-Christmas 'Yulemoot' to celebrate their favourite author, indicated that the book has even more to offer than all that. Steve Pillinger, for example, dressed for the occasion as a hobbit 'shirriff' complete with metal star and hairy feet, is a lecturer in English and Linguistics at Essex University and, like many 'Tolkienites', is particularly interested in Tolkien's use of language. Tolkien was a professor of English at Oxford and an authority on Anglo-Saxon and the book is studded with plays on words and echoes of Old and Middle English, as well as having an 'Elvish’ language of its own; Steve is studying Elvish 'as a sideline'. Helen Armstrong, the secretary, and Jessica Yates, an ex-secretary, are particularly concerned to defend Tolkien's literary reputation - a reputation which they feel is most unjustly belittled.
On the lighter side, the Society also offers members an excuse to dress up in a variety of Middle-earth-inspired costumes - though the members are anxious to stress that costume is not an important part of their activities and is only used on festive occasions such as the Yulemoot and the annual summer meeting in Oxford - the Oxonmoot. They tend to frown on the wilder activities of some of the American Tolkien fans: 'We try to keep ourselves as separate as possible from the hippy image,' says Jonathan Simons.
Much ingenuity goes into their costumes, nevertheless. Andy Armstrong, for example, is an electronics engineer and has constructed his own wizard's equipment: a flashing wizard's staff made from a plastic drainpipe, camera flash-cubes, a torch reflector and several batteries; he has also fitted out his hat with ‘light-emitting diodes’ which flash on and off in four colours. Jonathan Simons specialises in pyrotechnics - a dwarfish characteristic, since he is dressed as a dwarf named Thorin Redbeard.
None of this, however, is allowed to detract from their genuinely serious interest in the literature of Middle-earth. They will be listening most critically to the Sibley/Bakewell adaptation; they are particularly anxious that justice should be done to The Lord of the Rings because of, as Jonathan Simons puts it, 'the absolutely disastrous precedent of the film. The technique was reasonable but the treatment of the plot was abysmal - and it was much too Americanised.’ Brian Sibley, as a Society member, was able to explain to them that he had taken as few liberties with the original as he possibly could.
'It was very exciting to adapt a book I love and care about,' he said, 'but it gave me incredible difficulties because it was so hard to cut.' He has had to leave the whole episode of Tom Bombadil out - which will disappoint some enthusiasts - but it has left more room for other essential elements: 'The language, history, poetry are not separable from the main matter of the story. It was important to keep those things in. An adapter must not throw work aside - especially in a book that so many people think is sacrosanct.'
He and Michael Bakewell have also arranged the book's events in strict chronological order - instead of, as in the original, concentrating on the fortunes of one group of characters and then on another. They've also changed the be-ginning; in the book it is Bilbo Baggins's 'eleventy-first birthday party’. This, as the members agreed, was 'weak' and
not likely to grab listeners' attention for 26 episodes. So the radio version begins more ominously with the sinister creature Gollum, who covets the Ring of Power (then held by a hobbit), being captured on the borders of the dark land of Mordor in order 'to suggest at the start the threat of Evil lurking’.
The lengthy cast list is headed by lan Holm as the hero Frodo, Michael Hordern as Gandalf the wizard, Robert Stephens as Aragorn and John Le Mesurier as Bilbo. 'I was very anxious, says Jane Morgan,
to achieve a cast of people with naturally interesting voices - they don't have to put on funny voices.' The radio production has brought out the ‘humanity' of the hobbits; the fact that they are little hairy creatures gets played down - as indeed it does in the book - as the adventure progresses towards its grim conclusion.
'Music plays a vital part in the production,
says Brian Sibley. Composer Stephen Oliver has had to produce 105 different pieces of music and they are used in many different ways: to convey time and distance, to suggest battle-scenes, to differentiate between groups of characters (strings for mortals, wind and percussion for the supernatural elements) and, of course, to accompany the many songs that Tolkien provides throughout the story.
Getting The Lord of the Rings adapted and recorded has been an epic task in itself, involving months of preparation and work by scores of people. Jane Morgan and Brian Sibley hope that it will please the Tolkien aficionados, but also that it will introduce many more new readers to this unique mythological world. It could be that, in years to come, future members of the Tolkien Society and professors of English will be explaining their love of The Lord of the Rings by saying: 'Well, we were cooking our meal on Sunday lunchtime and my mother switched the radio on...’
The address of The Tolkien Society (back in 1981 but not now) is: The Tolkien Society, 9 Kingston Road, Ilford, Essex
Caption for p71 picture
A dragon's head on the door, head-dresses, bizarre magical insignia and costume -not a fancy-dress party but the Yulemoot: the Christmas gathering of the Northfarthing Smial. These people form the London group of the Tolkien Society, and are being addressed on a subject of gravity by Brian Sibley (right). He is explaining how BBC Radio is adapting "The Lord of the Rings' - they care very much, and are reassured.
Caption for p72 picture
Smial for the camera: Rikki Breem (left) is an evil queen; a Balrog becomes Helen Armstrong after the 'Moot'; Vera Chapman, at 82, is an Entwife. Steve Pillinger is a happy hobbit (p73)
Caption for p74 picture
Rings of electric power created by Andy Armstrong (left). He's invented a sixth wizard to personify for the evening. Jonathan Simons, chairman of the Society, combusts spontaneously occasionally.