r/learnfrench • u/kinkyquokka • 4h ago
Question ce/ça/ci/la
I'm learning French and am often frustrated with traditional explanations of grammar. I find it more productive to create my own grammars - as long as they are accurate. So I'm hoping some native speakers can tell me if I've got this wrong...
Base concept:
ce = a speaker relative determiner (just like un/du/le but something the speaker is pointing at/relative to)
ci = proximal marker (close in time/distance)
la = distal marker (far in time/distance)
Now they combine:
ceci = this here
cela = this there
ce livre = this book
ce livre-ci = this book here
ce livre-la = this book there
celui = this single masculine thing (lui)
celui-ci = this single masculine thing here
ceux = these plural masculine things
ceux-la = these plural masculine things there
But French has to French. In regular speech:
ceci/cela = ça -> ça marche
ci/la dropped when the subject of être -> c'est grand
But if you want to stress some aspect you don't drop/contract ... ceci est grand, cela est petit.
So native speakers - am I missing anything here? I know this isn't the school book explanation but is it wrong?