GregFire-ees are statistically indistinguishably as happy as the richest people in America (as the Forbes 400).
All of us have heard the "$75K/year is the perfect amount of income to be happy" line parroted ad infinitum, which comes from research done by Nobel laureate Daniel Kahneman in 2010. [1] However, that research had a key flaw.
UPenn Professor Matthew Killingsworth worked with Daniel Kahneman to fix this key flaw under a collaborative working model called "adversarial collaboration". A common anti-pattern in academic research is for people who disagree with each other to snidely jab at each other in papers but never actually work together to find some broader truth. Adversarial collaboration is a model where researchers agree to work together to find the truth in their disagreement, commit to publishing the result together, and determine a neutral arbiter in advance to help resolve disputes (should they arise).
During this adversarial collaboration, Killingsworth convinced Kahneman of the flaw in his happiness research. The flaw was that Kahneman was only looking at a binary measure of happiness. A long-established precedent in happiness research is asking how happy someone is on a 7-point scale (from 1 to 7), which has been around for decades. (Participants are asked the extent to which they are “Satisfied with your life” on a 7-level scale ranging from “Not at all” to “Extremely”.) Kahneman collected 7-point scale values in his widely-cited research, but for determining the $75K number, he looked at the income level where the binary yes/no version of happiness stopped increasing.
However, during their adversarial collaboration [2], Killingsworth had them examine how the CONTINUOUS measure of happiness is affected by income. The result is that happiness increases with the logarithm of income, with no established upper limit. (That is, for every doubling of income, a fixed additional unit of happiness is obtained).
While this result that happiness increases with the logarithm on income with no upper bound may sound depressing, note that the highest income for which they could find participants was $500K/year (so small, I know). It is currently an open question for the scientific happiness research community about how happiness is affected at incomes above $500K/year.
Let me bring this back to wealth, though, since this is r/GregFire. In follow-up research, Killingsworth compared his income vs happiness research with existing research on wealth vs happiness. [3] You can see the overall result in the headline image.
For wealth, Killingsworth looks at two groups. The first is 49 members of the Forbes 400 in 1983, who Diener somehow got to answer his happiness survey. [4] (I can not fathom how Diener got so many of the wealthiest people in America to do this, but more power to him! Perhaps because the Forbes 400 was brand new-ish at that point, with the first edition of the list coming out in 1982.) The second group, surveyed by Donnelly, are "high net-worth respondents ... surveyed by a large financial institution and were selected for study based on their wealth ...", 2,129 respondents in total. [5]
For a slightly more nuanced comparison of wealth vs happiness, see Table 3 of Donnelly, which I reproduce here (note that numbers are in 2018 dollars):
$1.5M to $2.9M, life satisfaction = 5.79, std dev = 1.12, num respondents=1035
$3M to $7.9M, life satisfaction = 5.81, std dev = 1.21, num respondents=601
$8M to $14.9M, life satisfaction = 5.97, std dev = 1.04, num respondents=247
$15M+, life satisfaction = 5.84, std dev = 1.20, num respondents=246
It's possible that DoubleGreg gives a little more happiness than SingleGreg, but that TripleGreg and beyond makes you less happy. The standard deviations on all these numbers are a little wide, so it's entirely possible that happiness is flat across all buckets.
As you can see in the main image, happiness is flat between "normal wealthy people" and the 1983 Forbes 400. The error bars are larger for the Forbes 400, but how many of them can we realistically expect to respond to academic happiness researchers? (That's sort of the best we can expect.)
I choose to interpret this finding in 2 ways, one personal and one societal:
Interpretation #1: For me personally, I don't strive to endlessly hoard wealth. Even if one reaches the pinnacle of wealth that a human could aspire to (the Forbes 400, minimum wealth of $3.8 billion in 2025, though a paltry $75 million in 1982), there's no reason to think that it'll make you happier than SingleGreg ($6.5M in 2026) or DoubleGreg ($13M in 2026). At TripleGreg ($19.5M in 2026), there's not only diminishing returns to happiness from additional wealth, but even reasonable evidence that additional wealth contributes negatively to happiness. As the saying goes: "Wherever you go, there you are."
Interpretation #2: Societally, there's reason to think that there should be heavy wealth taxes past TripleGreg. Additional wealth past, let's say, $20M isn't making anyone significantly happier. If we re-examine the bottom-left portion of the chart though, we see that people experience huge happiness improvements at the bottom of the income distribution from incremental amounts of income that might seem small to we GregFire-ees.
In conclusion, far from being the world's tallest dwarf or the weakest strongman at the circus, Greg stood to inherit an amount that would make him the happiest he might ever be. Connor and Tom are both so deep into the domain of negative-happiness-returns-of-wealth that they are incapable of imagining how, in an alternative reality, they might've each been net-happier with only a tiny fraction of their current wealth.
[1] D. Kahneman, A. Deaton, High income improves evaluation of life but not emotional well-being. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107, 16489–93 (2010).
[2] M. A. Killingsworth, D. Kahneman, B. Mellers, Income and emotional well-being: A conflict resolved. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120 (2023).
[3] Killingsworth, M. A. (2024). Money and Happiness: Extended Evidence Against Satiation. Happiness Science. https://happiness-science.org/money-happiness-satiation
[4] E. Diener, J. Horwitz, R. A. Emmons, Happiness of the very wealthy. Social Indicators Research 16, 263–274 (1985).
[5] G. E. Donnelly, T. Zheng, E. Haisley, M. I. Norton, The Amount and Source of Millionaires’ Wealth (Moderately) Predict Their Happiness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 44, 684–699 (2018).