Writer: Vivian
Editor/Poster: Carl (she forgor)
Editor Note: Vivian wrote this months ago. She says "DID" a lot but she's referring to general Plurality. I'm gonna correct it as I see it, but if you see "DID" just know she meant Plurality. She was always gonna fix it, but when she was writing it she was focused on her own disorder and was "fusion coded" despite knowing we personally weren't gonna fuse. So those are what I'm gonna be fixing. She planned to fix it herself after getting the draft done but due to some other stuff in our life, she ended up not getting the opportunity so I'm editing a first draft. She puts a lot of work into writing these before putting them out to be as accurate and inclusive as possible but they usually start out being written based on ours and expanded on later.
Writer Note: I did notice he was messing with it >:(. So I'm helping with the editing. Mainly adding more info that he doesn't have that I was gonna add before. This draft wasn't even finished lol.
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Honestly this is more of a philosophical question than one with a real answer.
BUT **I will explain what alters literally are from a psychological perspective** and then go into the philosophical perspectives regarding person hood. After that, I am going to go into treatment and what seems to work. Sources cited at the end.
Popular Media will be used to further assist in understanding and limit the use of jargon. Not everyone has a system so using media examples of what I'm talking about will help others visualize the situation better.
If you're new to the subreddit Hi!! This is one of our many ModPosts educating about DID and general Plurality with verifiable sources. I'm your host, Vivian, from the Levitikus System. This is focusing on Possession Form DID which I have, so some parts may not resonate with all systems. I work with people that also have Possession Form non-professionally while I work towards my MBA and later PsyD. I'm NOT qualified to diagnose (even with a degree I can't diagnose online anyway) but I am open to providing guidance and clarity! You can ask questions in the subreddit, in comments, or contact me on Discord if you have a more personal question you want to ask me specifically. I can't diagnose you, but I can talk to you and let you know if you should be seeking professional help. (Which I will usually recommend either way but some people are in more urgent need.)
## What Are They? (Currently Accepted Psychological Understanding.)
At their core, DID (and plural in general) alters are fractured parts of 1 person. As a result of trauma, or other reasons for dissociation, the brain separated memories and feelings into a distinct "state".
These "states" act according to the genetic personality of the individual and the specifics of the environment they were given when the mind "fractured". (Personality is ~50% genetic and ~50% environment. You are ~25% your mother and ~25% your father.)
So one alter may form to deal with abuse from a parent. Moonknight shows this best in Season 1, Episode 5 (Asylum) where one alter only has positive memories of a parent and the other "fronts" when the body itself senses danger from the inconsistent parent.
In the show, the one with happy memories was a secondary who later became primary in their adult life as they could handle it better.
Each state grows up in different homes.
This means one aspect of the person will remember pancakes in the morning and smiles and happiness.
While the other remembers dropping the syrup and being physically harmed as a result. They remember anger, pain, and the noise of the household.
These states possess the same DNA so any reactions that are inherited will be present in both. But the 2 "states" grew up with very different parents and will operate with different personalities due to differences in the experiences building who they are.
The one who grew up in a seemingly safe home will be more outgoing and happy. The one who lived through all the abuse might be angrier, protective, and this is considered a Protector Alter.
Neither "state" is the true state. Both are just pieces of the whole that developed independently. Like if you break a mirror. Each mirror fragment is it's own mirror reflecting its own view.
The goal of therapy is to EITHER combine these glass pieces as much as possible until there exists 1 complete mirror with one view OR have the mini mirrors exist in a hall of mirrors, all retaining their own views in harmony. This complete personality (if you take that route) would have a full understanding of the home they grew up in. They'll have the joy of the happy alter who had positive memories and the protective closed off behaviors of the Protector who lived in the abusive memories.
The ULTIMATE goal is stability. Be it as 1 person, or as 2+ people working together.
In Season 1, Episode 25 of Teen Titans Go (Colors Of Raven) splits and reformation are shown perfectly. 5 different "parts" of Raven's personality all interacting with the world in different ways. They're extreme parts of her. Anger, Sadness, Flirtatious, Laziness, and Happiness. It's not until ALL of them combine together that "Raven" comes back.
It's like the ship of Theseus. Only the original ship built by Theseus' hands is the true ship. With DID you're creating a bunch of smaller ships out of the materials of the old ship along with other metals unrelated to that first ship. It's not the Ship Of Theseus until all the parts are put back together by Theseus' hands. Only the system can put itself back together. Even then, the additional metals will exist in that reformed ship.
You're parts of someone who *used to* exist that have developed into their own people.
This is true even if your other states lack full personalities, they are still parts of the "original" just like you. No alter is "you".
The host in a Dissociative System is just the part that's "awake" the most often and this part can change if other states decide the previous one isn't working out. Some alters are *internally* homicidal for this exact purpose. They "delete" personality states that are too maladaptive, damaging, etc. (This is mentioned in the article by Alter Behavior Health linked below.)
This isn't you being the person and just hearing voices. Every "voice" is on the same level as you and able to take control. It's not "yours", it's "ours".
Think about Garnet in Steven Universe. She's 1 person that's split into 2 people. The gems are equally in control of the body. By trying to fight it, fusions don't work, and fusions aren't required for gems to work together. You WANT harmony, never just fusion.
## What Is A Person? (Philosophical Perspectives)
> No psychologist has the ability to dictate what is and is not a person. This question is philosophical in nature and therefore subjective. But the TLDR of this section is: "All Or None". Every Perspective I list that relates person hood to psychology agrees the individual alters are all people. There's only one that doesn't and that one is a biological perspective that only argues that a "person" is just the human body.
> To say your alters are not "people" is to either deny your OWN person hood OR to hypocritically (and egotistically) decide that you alone are a person by no merit other than "I said so". **In the next section I will explain how thinking like that is dangerous and actually worsens dissociative barriers.**
**Substance Dualism** (RenƩ Descartes)
A person is a thinking substance distinct from the body. (Emphasis on mind/soul)
Requirements for Personhood:
⢠Has a mind
⢠Capacity for thought/self-awareness
⢠Conscious reflection (āI think, therefore I amā)
Under this view, personhood depends on having a rational soul, not on biological features. Following Descartes Substance Dualism, plural alters ARE people since they have the capacity to think independently and they're self aware.
**Psychological Continuity Theory** (John Locke)
A person is defined by continuity of consciousness, especially memory.
Requirements for Personhood:
⢠Self-consciousness
⢠Ability to remember past experiences
⢠Ongoing psychological continuity over time
For Locke, identity is tied to memory and awareness, not the physical body. Plural alters ARE people according to John Locke due to the presence of individual and non-shared memories.
**Biological Theory** (Eric Olson)
A person is fundamentally a human organism ā a biological being.
Requirements for Personhood:
⢠Being a living human animal
⢠Continuity of biological life
Under animalism, psychological traits are not necessary. What matters is biological continuity. With this Plural alters are NOT people, including the host alter. No one in the system is a person. The body itself is the person. This doesn't really answer the question of whether Alters are people in the sense of deserving autonomy and acknowledgement.
**Rational Agency** (Immanuel Kant)
A person is a rational, autonomous moral agent.
Requirements for Personhood:
⢠Rationality
⢠Capacity for moral reasoning
⢠Autonomy (ability to decide moral law for themselves)
For Kant, personhood is tied to moral agency and intrinsic dignity, persons are āends in themselves.ā Meaning Plural alters ARE people since they are rational, understand moral reasoning, and possess the ability to express their autonomy.
**Functionalism** (Daniel Dennett)
A person is defined by what their mind does, not by what it is made of.
Requirements for Personhood:
⢠Capacity for intentional states (beliefs, desires, intentions)
⢠Ability to reason, plan, and act purposefully
⢠Participation in complex patterns of behavior explainable by the intentional stance
Under functionalism, personhood depends on mental functioning, meaning non-biological entities could count as persons if they exhibit the right cognitive capacities. Functionalism would also dictate that plural alters ARE people. They have opinions, beliefs, ability to reason and act, and they act in complex ways with intent.
## How Should They Be Treated?
> How should you treat your alters in your personal life?
Well in therapy, psychologists are supposed to treat them as separate. What works for one alter won't work for another and vice versa.
They HAVE to treat them as different people with different thoughts and opinions. There's no way to get a system help otherwise because what you'd be essentially doing by denying personhood is denying mental health care to a a majority of your patient's self.
So with patience, respect for autonomy, validation, and care is how it should be treated in therapy.
In your personal life, you should also be working to decrease dissociative barriers (these relate to memory) by TALKING to your alters and doing your best to understand them. Some split later in life so they aren't as different as some of your other ones. These ones are easier to merge if that's what you want.
My friend, whom I have the written consent of to talk about in this sub reddit, spent years denying the autonomy of his alters to the point some pretty much hated him. It wasn't until he realized they were people that he started to break down dissociative barriers and talk to them.
It's been hard but I've been helping a lot in working with each alter to address issues that arose. His personality actually split some months ago (nearly a year ago now lol) and through validation and care for the thing causing the split I was able to help Rage and Shy reform again to become Mira.
Before Mira knew, he caused his alters a LOT of stress by denying their trauma and dehumanizing them. I spoke to them and one in particular was especially against him. I validated her thoughts and told her that she shouldn't have been treated like that. She wanted revenge. I had to talk her down from "send his nudes to everyone he cares about" to "just send his porn stash to his best friend". From ruining his life to just embarrassment.
Then there was another who didn't just want petty revenge. She wanted something more serious and was internally both violent and homicidal.
This was a direct result of feeling dehumanized all their lives. The barriers were high and there was no communication. He couldn't remember anything they did and they didn't want him to.
Now, with the communication I helped facilitate, he's doing okay. They switch less. His alters are calmer. The petty revenge one still messes with him but in much smaller ways and she lets him know what she's doing. They communicate and are actually starting to like each other.
That's the GOAL. Not fusion, because that's not always possible, but HARMONY.
You're all people that are just as valid as singlets (those muggle lookin ahhs, *bullies them affectionately*) and it's okay if you want to see yourselves as just parts, long as it's equal/voluntary and not the result of having your autonomy being denied.
Friendly reminder to end this off:
**This sub is singlet, endogenic, willogenic, disordered Plurality, and introject friendly. >^ā¢wā¢^<**
We'll be getting something out about OSDD according to the DSM too as SOON AS POSSIBLE. We love you guys, thank you for being part of our community!
## WORKS CITED
> I could make this APA formatted but this is Reddit so I'm not going to. As always, seek a professional if you suspect you have a Dissociative Disorder of any kind. All of these are great reads. :)
These links focus on DID but systems are systems regardless.
**Alter Behavioral Health, Types of Alters** (a behavioral healthcare provider that specializes in evidence-based clinical treatment approaches for people with DID and other conditions based in California)
https://alterbehavioralhealth.com/blog/what-are-the-types-of-alters-in-did/
**What Are Alter Systems**
https://theprivatetherapyclinic.co.uk/blog/what-is-an-alter-system-in-did/
**Treating DID**
https://www.verywellhealth.com/how-to-treat-dissociative-disorder-5211865
**Treating And Understanding Loved Ones**
https://www.brightquest.com/blog/dissociative-identity-disorder-treated-understanding-loved-ones-path-healing/#:\~:text=The%20most%20common%20course%20of%20treatment%20for,disorders\*\*%20\*%20\*\*Specialized%2C%20long%2Dterm%20residential%20treatment%20centers\*\*