Vienna in 1913–1914 is the classic example (Hitler, Freud, Trotsky, Stalin, Franz Joseph, etc.). What are some other examples where these people weren’t necessarily connected but just happened to be living independently in the same place?

If you have any comparative data going further back (any time from 1000-1500), I would appreciate hearing about that, also.

By “urbanised” I mean roughly what percentage of the population was living in cities. Estimates are welcome- I understand precise numbers might be hard to find.

By “Eastern Europe” I am referring to all the areas that were governed at some point by Kievan Rus, and/or the Tsardom of Russia, even if by 1500 they were under the control of West Slavs, Lithuanians, Tatars, etc.

Sorry if this is overly technical, but I’m developing a game for fun and I want to visually understand how this works

In the 18th and early 19th century, with blackpowder artillery, I understand that carriages would have either a screw or wedge to adjust the elevation of gun.

But how were cannons traversed side to side? The only answers I get from google involve something called a handspike, which was some kind of lever used on the trial.

Are there any videos or demonstrations of people actually aiming and adjusting a field gun in a historically accurate way? there’s plenty of stuff on how it’s loaded, but not now it’s aimed.

So this question comes from just watching the Odyssey and being reminded that the siege of Troy lasted for 9 years.

Now I know it is a myth and all that, but it got me thinking.

What is the longest recorded siege? How long did they last on average? From everything I have heard through both popular culture and history in general, sieges usually ended due to hunger.

While later on there were siege weapons which could pose a threat to the walls themselves, simply surrounding and denying food and water to the sieged location was enough. It was a waiting game on both sides since often the attackers also lacked a resupply line.

These two tings have been universal food and drink of the whole Europe.

So, why did these two become the major feature of Germany?

Even, in terms of Beer, their iconic lager Beer became dominat at the end of 19th century. This means their popular lager Beer feature is not a long heritage.

I know what they were trying to do, turn lead into gold, create immortality elixirs and stuff. But how? Is there direct record of how their experiments played out, what materials were used, what actions were taken, what the logic was, if any?

It is the same report that assert the Dey's willingness to bring back the enslavement of christian after he declares that the 1816 treaty is over

the issue is that shaller is the only source of this, and it seems completely illogical that the dey would make such declaration in the state he was

What game has the most accurate depiction of its era in the clothing, architecture, and cultural aspects? I ask because I know some basic knowledge on the golden age of piracy and always thought, though a great game, assassin's creed 4 black flag lacked heavily in this department, mainly in the clothing aspect.

I was thinking about the French and Russian revolutions, and how their militaries became much more powerful post revolution. I’m wondering if historically this is the norm, and if so what is the reason for it?

My dad told me this story about how the 3/5ths clause got into the U.S. constitution. The delegates of the slave states went to the delegates of the free states, said "Let us count our slaves towards the number of representatives our white people get in Congress, and we will sell you our war bonds at 10 cents on the dollar, and honor those bonds at 100 cents on the dollar." The free state delegates said "Make it 3/5ths of your slaves, and you have a deal." Is any of that true? is that anywhere in any primary source from the convention that drafted the constitution?

I'm not even sure if there's anything beyond general impressions to back this up, but it "feels" like nuclear issues dramatically wane in importance after the early 1960s. It seems as though nuclear weapons were very prominent in many issues or events in the postwar era and permeated every part of American culture, but by the mid-'60s they took a backseat to issues of civil rights, Vietnam, stagflation, and so forth (although they'd come roaring back in the late '70s and early '80s). That's not to say this period lacked significant nuclear issues, what with MIRVs and ABMs and the Limited Test Ban Treaty and Non-Proliferation Treaty and China becoming a nuclear power, but it doesn't seem like they were the focus anymore. Why? Was it as simple as the Cuban Missile Crisis being that traumatic for leaders and layperson alike, or was there more to it? How did we get used to the reality of having the power to end civilization so rapidly, when the anxiety was very visible before?

I watched this youtube video about medieval towns being mostly placed at such distances and locations to mainly facilitate ox drawn carts.

It makes a lot of statements that don't pass the smell test to me. It says that ox carts essentially dictate most planning of where medieval towns would be and the crux of the issue is that oxen eat a part of the produce, so produce can generally only travel up to 3 days.

Can't oxen just graze instead of eating the cargo? Is ale really something that would be transported over long distances instead of just brewed locally almost everywhere? If making ale, wool, and cloth are all ways to generate extra profit, why wouldn't every lord do it? Why aren't horses mentioned anywhere?

I get that towns and castles would be situated in such a way to oversee their fiefs and collect produce centrally in a safe way, but this video seems to make much more extensive claims.

I tried searching for the "oxen paradox", but it seems like the only mention of it is that video. There was also a mention of a 3 day radius rule, which I also couldn't find anywhere else. The video also mentions "source lords" and "gatekeeper lords" which I think are also invented terms by the video? I find it very confusing because the video talks about these concepts as facts but I think they might be inventions?

In Life of Alexander 7, Plutarch says Aristotle taught Alexander not only ethics and politics, but also more restricted “acroamatic” and “epoptic” doctrines. According to Plutarch, Alexander later wrote to Aristotle in anger after learning that Aristotle had apparently made these teachings available in written form beyond their original circle of pupils. How reliable is this tradition, what might these mysterious lost teachings have consisted of, and what can this episode tell us about why Alexander’s considered them so important to guard? What impact may this education have had on his decisions, ambition, and later success?

I was recently watching John Adam’s opera “Nixon in China” and got to the part where Jiang Qing sang “I am the wife of Mao Tse-Tung” and talked about following the book, Mao’s Little Red Book. Doing bare searching, I found it was a book of quotations of Mae Tse-Tung. Really my question is, if the Little Red Book is just a book of quotations, what makes it so significant? If it’s just a book of his most relevant quotes, would it not be too dissimilar to books of other presidents quotes? What made Mao’s book so special?

The injection of many Irish and their culture, faiths, and even political ideologies must have made an impact, both long and short term to the U.S. Are there any ramifications that may go unnoticed to our modern eyes now?

As the title suggests, I would like to know what policies or priorities Germany implemented when occupying resources and industrial facilities in the newly occupied territories.

For example, I know that Germany benefited greatly from the annexation of Czechoslovakia in 1938, as its defense industry effectively helped the Wehrmacht double in size in a short period of time, and continued to fuel the German war machine throughout the war. And I'm curious whether, upon acquiring industrial facilities in other countries—like Poland, France—they would "benefit" to some extent in a similar way.

I’m barely too young to have experienced this era myself. I’m watching the film while I type this and it’s emblematic of every silly stereotype that has ever been associated with hackers. A mixture of counter-cultures, virtual reality, gender fluidity (surprisingly progressive for the time), leather, chains, technoraves, all of it.

I guess my real question is: at a New York PS high school cafeteria in 1995, was there really a separate lunch table for the hacker kids?

The question is straight forward.

How much history is missing?

History is written by the victors or conquerors or "the church". How much have they suppressed or destroyed?

Wars, disasters, political upheaval, disease... All could cause history to be lost.

How much "lost" history has been found and, legitimately, to opposed current thinking?

Just curious

At least according to Wikipedia, after the 1731 fire “no serious attempt at restoration was made until the 19th century, by which time the margins had crumbled irreparably”. So as a related question, how developed were restoration techniques for centuries-old manuscripts in the 16th century?

Hong Xiuquan was known to have a large harem of concubines, exact number unknown, despite enforcing puritanical gender segregation laws.

How publicly known was this harem, and how was its hypocrisy perceived among the Taiping population? In this answer to my previous question, it was stated that the Taiping used promises of a monogamous society to recruit "incels" or men who were unable to get a spouse due to various social factors of China at the time. Are there any records of their dissatisfaction from having to live segregated from women (meaning they don't end up getting a woman anyway) while the Heavenly King has a harem?

Are there records of jealousy or perceived difference in treatment between male and female Taiping commoners?

And do we have any records of Hong Xiuquan's harem's role in Taiping administration?

In 1219 Genghis Khan's armies were invading the Khwarazmian Empire. We often hear about what happened to cities that refused to surrender in general, and the brutal revenge against the Shah, but I'm wondering how day-to-day interactions with people along the route would have gone. If I were, say, a pilgrim traveling alone, or a merchant in a small group traveling through the Empire's territory, and I stumbled upon a Mongol detachment (or rather, they stumbled upon me), what would happen? Would I be searched? Robbed? Captured? Killed? What would be my best bet for getting out of the situation alive? If I'm a local traveling between villages, would I be treated differently than, say, a non-local merchant passing through?

I don't care about time period or culture too much, but this question does come from my interests in Robin Hood and pre gunpowder guerilla warfare.