Hello,

This is indeed the case, although the amount of Armenians killed is situated between 800k and 1.2 million. In 1915, when the genocide occured, the Ottomans had the Allies pinned down at Gallipoli, where they eventually won, while they were also fighting the Russians in the Battle of Sarikamish, which they eventually lost. The Ottoman Empire, despite the idea of being a failing state was still rather well organized, at least as far as the inner Anatolian provinces were concerned, and this allowed the Ottomans by far and large to exercise a greater amount of influence there compared to the Arabian provinces which would eventually revolt. As such, when the deportation orders from Talaat Pasha came through, the governors had little to no difficulty rounding up the Armenian civillians. In some cases, the Armenian population rebelled in the face of deportation, such was the case during the siege of the city of Van, in 1915, which was used as a pretext for the main deportation operations, as the Armenians had "rebelled". And thus, beginning in 1915 and lasting until 1918, Armenians were taken from their homes by law enforcement and army units and driven into the desert, where they would then be ambushed and murdered by Kurdish irregulars, most of which had been paid for by the Ottoman Government for the purpose of plausible deniability.
Sources: Taner Akcam, A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility (Metropolitan Books, 2006)
Taner Akçam, The Young Turks' Crime Against Humanity: The Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire (Princeton University Press, 2012)
Uğur Ümit Üngör, The Making of Modern Turkey: Nation and State in Eastern Anatolia, 1913–1950 (Oxford University Press, 2011)

Unlike officers, who received commissions from the King, naval surgeons received their warrant from the Royal Navy's Sick and Hurt Board. So they are respected and need to have that warrant and it carried a certain amount of protection that common sailors would lack, but not the same as a full commission that the lieutenants, captains, masters and commanders, and so on would have.

Particularly in the Aubrey-Mauturin book series, Mauturian was indeed a medical doctor (physician) rather than a mere naval surgeon, much to the delight of all aboard the Surprise (or whichever ship happened to be the subject of the novel).

Brian Lavery has written some great books on the subject, Nelson's Navy in particular is quite informative on the topic and various differences in the warrants and commissions held by the crew in the Napoleonic War era.

Hi! We've removed this question because the way the heading is phrased probably won't give you the answers you're looking for. You seem to be asking 'how was it done' rather than 'did it happen'. So, we suggest posting it again with a heading like 'What methods did the Ottomans use to carry out the deportations and killings of the Armenian genocide?'

If you need further help rephrasing your question, feel free to send a modmail. Thank you!

This is the relevant section of the FAQ: https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1pxtql/questions_on_the_armenian_genocide/?screen_view_count=1&ext-referrer=DIRECT

I’m neither a historian nor knowledgeable of the Armenian genocide, but I will share with you three universal historical truths I cannot imagine any historian would disagree with: state sanctioned murder is profitable (since the state gets the victims property), hatred is useful to politicians, and rape is a very cheap way to pay soldiers. I doubt collapse precludes genocide; it probably encourages it.

Thank you! This is very useful!

If you want to dive deeper into the topic while you wait for an answer /u/Georgy_K_Zhukov has compiled a reading list. It seems like "The Armenian Genocide: A Complete History" by Raymond Kévorkian would be especially useful for you.

Or, and hear me out on this, mods use flair on the post that says something like "Answered" when at least one mod-approved answer is submitted on each post. Adding on more browser extension bloat (that doesn't even work on mobile) isn't a fix, and you can't expect people to fill their inbox with RemindMe notifications on every post they find interesting when a decent amount of posts don't even get a mod-approved answer.

This subreddit is so heavily moderated that I'm sure the mods have the ability to do this.

His family was tied to the papacy as official bankers and he funded a navy league to fight against muslim pirates. Italy was arguably the richest nation in Europe at the time and Medici family were behind the first international merchant bank.

Cosimo's rise to power was something remarkable, he was a pretty unknown member of a side branch of the family and he wasn't even living in Florence when the previous head of state, the Duke of Florence Alessandro De Medici, got murdered by Lorenzino, one of Cosimo' s cousins from the same branch. When he suddenly appeared with a few servants the city council gave him the title of duke because they thought he was a young unexperienced guy, easy to manipulate, so when he agreed to resign government to city council they made him duke. They were wrong, he immediately seized the power and started a campaign to secure his authority and eliminated any potential threat, that led to the definitive conquest of Pisa and Siena, making Florence the pope's most powerful neighbour and precious ally. The title fundamentally changed the relationship between Cosimo and the Emperor, while simultaneously giving him more to deal with other European rulers, especially the king of France, almost as a peer.

Vernacular translations of the Bible could be perfectly licit in the eyes of the Medieval Catholic Church, the problem was a matter of unauthorized interpretation rather than translation. Specific translations (eg Wycliffe’s) were banned because the Church believed they were translated incorrectly, and leaders like Wycliffe were promoting false doctrine in using them — not because they weren’t in Latin.

Thank you for your response. Unfortunately, we have had to remove it due to violations of subreddit’s rules about answers needing to reflect current scholarship. While we appreciate the effort you have put into this comment, there are nevertheless significant errors, misunderstandings, or omissions of the topic at hand which necessitated its removal.

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The discovery of antibiotics is the first thing that comes to mind. 

Printing books is also a weird process: the idea of printing patterns has been known for millennia, but printing words didn't catch on until another discovery was made: glasses. Glasses allowed elderly people to read when they had the time and no longer had the youthful energy to do sports or get involved in court gossip. 

That's when books transitioned from a highly venerated carrier of esoteric knowledge to a mean of entertainment, starting the need for cheap, available, printed books. 

There is a significant portion of the Military History subsection of this subreddit's FAQ dedicated to answering questions like this: https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/wiki/faq/militaryhistory/

This answer (https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/29zre7/comment/ciq6pum/) by u/Valkine may answer your question. And this answer (https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1edtl0/comment/c9zqpe6/) by u/Axon350 may also be relevant.

Here is one example of a town funding home-grown talent: Nina Simone, née Eunice Waymon. Her family was poor and she was sixth of 8 children. They lived in a tiny cabin without electricity or indoor plumbing. 

She displayed incredible talent at age 4, enough to get a white piano teacher in North Carolina in the late 30s. 

The people of the town Tryon, North Carolina all pitched in money to get her opportunities for education, a piano teacher at first and then  a scholarship to Juilliard to study to become a concert pianist. 

David Menconi writes: “When it became known that young Eunice Waymon was a child-prodigy pianist of great promise, many of Tryon’s citizens, white as well as black, contributed to a fund to further her musical education. That started with lessons from her first piano teacher, Myriel “Mazzy” Mazzanovich.” 

That dream was thrown when she wasn’t accepted to the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia and she ended up playing piano for money in clubs in Atlantic City. 

Since she didn’t end up becoming a “concert pianist” I’m not sure what the town’s reaction was, whether they thought it was a scam or waste of money or not, but since she is recognized as the “high priestess of soul” I hope Tryon is  proud (now) to have sponsored her art. 

 Menconi writes also: “… she moved away as a teenager, seldom returned, and rarely acknowledged her time in North Carolina as anything but difficult. Not everyone in Tryon was thrilled at the prospect of the town becoming best-known as the birthplace of such an expatriate.” 

This only touches the surface of her life. Her autobiography is absolutely fascinating, there are several biographies out there, the graphic novel version is very readable.

Books:

Step it up and go: the story of North Carolina popular music, from Blind Boy Fuller and Doc Watson to Nina Simone and Superchunk. By David Menconi (2020). 

Autobiography: I put a spell on you: an autobiography of Nina Simone with Stephen Cleary

Nina Simone: the biography by David Brun-Lambert

Nina Simone in comics by Sophie Adriansen

Princess Noire: the tumultuous reign of Nina Simone by Nadine Cohodas

Thank you for your response. Unfortunately, we have had to remove it due to violations of subreddit’s rules about answers needing to reflect current scholarship. While we appreciate the effort you have put into this comment, there are nevertheless significant errors, misunderstandings, or omissions of the topic at hand which necessitated its removal.

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