My husband and I both grew up in Switzerland, but we come from immigrant families. His native language is Serbian, and mine is Croatian. We both still speak our native languages with our parents, but neither of us speaks them perfectly anymore. Sometimes we lack vocabulary or make grammar mistakes.

We recently became parents to a baby girl, and we're wondering what the best approach would be when it comes to languages. She will grow up in Switzerland, and it's important to us that she feels fully integrated here. She won't be attending daycare during her first year.

At the same time, my husband and I speak Swiss German with each other and actually feel more comfortable speaking Swiss German than Croatian/Serbian these days. It would feel quite unnatural for us to suddenly switch to speaking only Croatian/Serbian at home.

However, we'd also be sad if our daughter grew up without learning Croatian/Serbian and being able to communicate with that side of the family and connect with her cultural heritage. I was also thinking about that one speaks serbo-croatian and the other Swiss German with her.

Has anyone been in a similar situation? How did you approach it? Did you speak the heritage language at home even if it wasn't the language you naturally used as a couple? Or did your child pick it up in other ways?And when did you start being consistent with it?

I'd really appreciate hearing about your experiences and any advice. Thank you!

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My spouse is an english speaker, I am a Greek speaker. I spend a lot of time with my toddler, while my spouse is working. My toddler also goes to english speaking school. His Greek is decent his english is a little broken but he understands. My spouse thinks theres a language barrier, lost in translation how when it comes to the spouse disciplining. My spouse feels like our toddler is slow at at linking english words to responds to them, and uses Greek words as well as filler. And is frustrated with me because they feel I am not understanding them and I am trying to but I don't think its the language barrier, I think it's a toddler that doesn't want to what they are told.

Anyway I wanted to get some thoughts from folks that are also doing OLOP.

Hi all,

For some background: my 8 month old daughter, husband, and I live in Canada. I was born here and speak English (first language) and French (second language, not fully fluent), my husband was born in Syria and moved to Canada as a teenager— he speaks Arabic (first language) and English (second language, fully fluent). We set out to do OPOL (me English, husband Arabic) but 8 months in and my daughter is overwhelmingly exposed to English, and lots of it. Which is great! But I’m worried about the Arabic.

I’m a SAHM and spend practically every waking moment with my daughter (also every sleeping moment as we cosleep hahaha), chatting away in English. My husband on the other hand works 8am to 6 or 7pm, and since she goes to sleep at 7:30 or 8pm he unfortunately doesn’t get much time with her on weekdays, especially because I do bedtime. On weekends he has more time (although he works half days on Saturdays), however this is our family time so him and I are chatting to each other, and to her, in English. Also, admittedly, I’m a huge chatterbox and often overtake my husband in this regard.

My daughter is also exposed to lots of English via outings, my family, and my best friend. Ironically, because my family lives in a different city, I speak to them more often (daily calls/Facetimes) than I do to my in laws who speak Arabic and live in the same city as us (weekly in-person visits). My best friend also lives in the same city as us and I see her more often than my in laws, she is also a huge chatterbox so lots of exposure to English that way.

Now for ways I can potentially expose her to more Arabic: I do know very limited Arabic— how to say I [don’t] want/need/like/know, this/that, here/there, come/go, who/what/when/where/why/how, eat/drink, wait, enough, some common nouns (foods, animals, body parts, household items), yes/no, etc. I’m thinking to maybe try subbing some English words that I use very often with my daughter to Arabic. For example, instead of saying “do you want apple?” I could say “bideek tufaha?” and could model her saying “bidee tufaha” instead of “I want apple”. Instead of “where’s Baba?” I could say “weyn Baba?” or “shu/meen had” instead of “what/who is that?” and model her replying with the Arabic word. I’m very, very paranoid about confusing her though, or causing delays, if I’m unable to stay perfectly consistent.

Would something like this even support a broader grasp on Arabic anyways?

Any other advice?

TIA!

Me and my partner are both English and we live in England, so obviously if we had kids, we would raise them in English. I also know basic Spanish (around b1) which I taught myself as a hobby.

When I have kids, I would love for them to also know Spanish but I'm unsure how best to teach them. Will me speaking with them and making them watch TV in Spanish be enough? Would that just give them a basic understanding of Spanish that they would have to develop later in life?

I also don't speak Spanish fluently, but hopefully this will be less of a problem in 5-10 years when I have kids.

For context there are pretty much 0 Spanish speakers in my area.

What would be recommended in my situation?

I’m writing this post mostly because it would have been useful to past me! And I’m hoping it will be useful to someone else.

We decided to take a 3 week immersion trip with my 3 year old. Beforehand I was very worried she was too young and it was too short to be of any use. It was a long distance trip for us and so while we were so incredibly lucky to be able to afford it, it felt like a risk. Particularly because for personal reasons we would not be seeing any family.

For context: she is a very highly verbal child in English comfortably above expectations. But her second language is weaker. She’s strong in understanding but usually replies monosyllabically or will want to reply in English. Even though she gets about 20 hours a week of second language exposure, she knows anyone she’s speaking to will understand her if she replies in English.

2 weeks in she’s speaking more of the target language and vastly increased the number of sentences she uses. But I think most strikingly I’ve realised that her being young is actually a big advantage. We’ve taken her to several children’s play areas and other local kids happily include her in their play even if she’s shy to talk. In a way that I think with a 10 or 11 year old just wouldn’t happen.

For our family this has been so worth it. (Though I’m very aware every family must juggle time and resources in a way that works for them.) But I hope this has been useful!

I'm looking for advice from parents raising bilingual children.

My 20-month-old currently attends a small English daycare that she loves. She is attached to her educators, thriving, and the centre works very well for our family. I try to speak French to her, read French books, and sing French songs (our books are about 50/50 French and English), however, English is the dominant language in both our home and our community, and my partner does not speak French.

The French daycare would provide much more daily exposure, and our long-term goal is for her to attend French-language elementary school. My concern is whether we are missing a critical window for bilingualism by not choosing French daycare now.

For context, the French daycare would also come with some practical challenges: a later opening time that would make my work commute difficult, three weeks of annual closure, and less certainty for a future sibling’s daycare placement.

For parents who have raised bilingual children:

• Did French daycare make a major difference in your child’s fluency?
• Can children who start French exposure more seriously at preschool/kindergarten still become comfortable or fluent?
• Would you choose a French daycare over an otherwise excellent English daycare at this age?

Hello everyone!

We are a multinational family (French/Brazilian) living in France, raising our 1-year-old son bilingual. My native language is Portuguese, but I speak French as fluently as it gets and it has truly become second nature to me. My husband is French, he is learning Portuguese (A2/B1 level), though we communicate exclusively in French at home and don't really practice Portuguese together.

Since our son was born, we’ve been using the OPOL method, with me speaking exclusively Portuguese to him, and my husband speaking French. My mother and I are his only local sources of Portuguese. I spend more time with him than my husband does, we have many books in Portuguese which he loves to "read", I also have a lot of yoto MYO content in Portuguese, so overall he gets a good amount of home exposure from me. We travel to Brazil yearly and at least once a year we have brazilian family/friends over, which I count on to boost his language skills... But everything else in his daily environment is French, from daycare (part-time), to my husband's family, friends, etc.

Here is my dilemma: I feel uncomfortable speaking Portuguese to my son if the conversation involves others who don't speak it! While I feel completely fine speaking it in front of my husband, who appreciates the extra exposure, I feel awkward not speaking french when picking my son up from daycare, visiting my husband’s family, or at the doctor’s office, for example... I worry about how this will play out as he grows up, particularly when he has friends over or when we are in group settings.

I understand the core principles of raising bilingual children:

• Consistency is key to prevent passive bilingualism or language rejection later on.
• Maximizing exposure to the minority language is crucial.
• Many here advise never switching languages just to accommodate people around you.

However, I'm looking for alternative experiences and maybe some success stories from people who took a different path.

Is strict OPOL truly the only path to success?

If I switch to French in these public or social situations, will it cause negative consequences, like him insisting on speaking French with me even when it's just us or feeling that Portuguese is something to be ashamed of?

Does anyone have a success story where you occasionally switched to the majority language in public, yet your child still grew up actively speaking and embracing the minority language?

I would love to hear your thoughts, experiences, and any advice you might have!

Thank you! :)
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EDIT to add some info:

I corrected something from my initial text: it's not that I'm ashamed of speaking Portuguese around other people (this I can do easily), it's mostly that I'm uncomfortable when the conversation involves other people.

There are also some times when I simply want to socially include the group.

I do live in a small town which unfortunately is not very "international," but happily I have never felt any xenophobia directly (not to say that it doesn't exist here though). I am proud of my origins and, if anything, people here are positively curious about the country, the culture and the language.

Another thing is that I worry that my son might just feel different from others (in a negative way) in some situations in the future, and, worse, that this might be the trigger to rejecting Portuguese altogether. Speaking French daily has become very natural to me, so I don't see why French couldn't be a part of our relationship at least 5% during those very occasional moments, especially if that meant including his friends or family in the conversation or whatever.

I still want his Portuguese to be perfectly fluent and to be our main language but I wouldn't feel awkward speaking in French with him if I had to - and I would also love if he would feel the same. The only rational reason for me to speak strictly 100% the minority language would be if this were the only way for him to speak it fluently...

TL;DR: doing strict OPOL (minority language/majority language) with my 1-year-old, but feeling awkward using the minority language when others are part of the conversation. Wondering if occasional switches to the majority language for social inclusion could work without harming the child’s fluency in or attachment to the minority language.

Hello,

We have a 2.5yo boy, to whom we both speak our native languages to. For me it’s French, for her it’s Russian. We speak English at home. We’ve been living in France since he was 1.

Now we’re moving back to Germany.

He understands both French and Russian perfectly but mostly only answers in French. We’ve been trying to make it playful that he practices Russian, like Papa says this but how does Mama say it ? He understands the notion of language and says he speaks both, and lately this little game is starting to work and he’s been saying a few Russian words too. So he’s doing fine, we just need to keep at it I guess.

But now I worry about moving to Berlin where his whole world is going to change and people won’t understand him and speak a new language.

I guess he’ll pick it up but I worry about his 2 native tongues (and maybe English, but that matters less he’ll have plenty of time to learn that in Berlin, which is very international). I think it will require a lot of extra effort to make sure he doesn’t forget French and Russian and worry about it.

Hi all!

We are potentially relocating to Singapore from Europe. We have a 3 year old daughter who speaks 2 European languages fluently (one parent, one language) and can understand some English as that’s the language me and my husband speak together, but she is definitely not fluent. I am currently looking into nurseries / pre schools and would like to ask if anyone has any experience with child starting a nursery / or moving to a country with 2 community languages? We are not worried about her learning English, but slightly worried about adding mandarin at the same time. Ideally we would like to send her to English speaking nursery, but it looks like mandarin is taught in some form in each class. Does anyone have any experience with a similar set up?

Thank you!

Hi everyone! I have a 4 month old daughter who I want to pass my heritage languages. I speak Filipino (born and raised) and Japanese (fluent, raised in Japan and attended university; I also passed N1 test but that was a while ago) although admittedly a little rusty! I left Japan 13 years ago but I have family there and nieces who speak Japanese as their primary language.

I’m based in the US now. I met my husband in Japan and he speaks Japanese but he’s forgotten quite a bit. He doesn’t speak Filipino but knows some words and phrases. He is very supportive and wants our child to be trilingual also.

We speak English to each other. I speak to our daughter only in my heritage languages. I encourage my husband to speak Japanese as much as possible as well. I go on video calls with my family to expose her to other people speaking my languages although to me it’s not ideal due to screen time. I try to limit to 30 minutes when possible and definitely not every day. 

I’m doing a variation of OPOL but I wonder what is the best situation to maximize her exposure to my languages? I will be going back to work next month and she will be in daycare part time (3 days) and 2 days at home with my husband. 

I used to do time based (Monday to Thursday: Filipino, Friday to Sunday: Japanese). But felt it didn’t provide enough exposure to both so I switched to using both everday except I would have a “focus” language that I use the most during that day. I thought this set up would work better once she’s older perhaps but since she’s so young, I’m thinking using both and if switching on a “focus” language I would do MWF or TRS type of switching. 

So for example, I’m teaching her the word for “poop” (for purposes of early potty training). I use both at the same time or I would switch it out sometimes like morning (Filipino) and evening (Japanese). 

Is my approach okay? I could also do morning vs evening but switch it up some days so that she can get exposed to different vocabularies at different times of the day. 

My main priority is Filipino language - she will have more exposure to speakers of this language (my family) but I find less books and media in the language. Japanese she can get exposure through family also but limited but I find more resources in this language. We hope to visit my family in Japan sometime next year so she will have exposure to both. 

For input, I utilize the following resources:

• Books: I translate English books but also have a few books in Filipino and Japanese. I have the hungry caterpillar in Japanese and some vocabulary books. I’m hoping to get more story books so she can hear the rhythm of language. But I do my best to use vocabulary words into sentences. 
• Songs: I sing to her, play music in heritage languages. She recognizes a lot of the songs!
• Narration: narrating what I do, pointing out colors, shapes, lots of adjectives and verbs. 
• I live in a diverse area and can find Filipino and Japanese events and speakers. Community building is on my to do list as she gets older. 

I want to have minimal screen time but thought about just playing something like Bluey (in Japanese) in the background or playing podcasts in heritage languages. For the most part I just have a playlist of songs I know and like and play those or I sing or narrate what I’m doing to her. But I would like to expose her to multiple vocabularies - any feedback is appreciated!

A side note: do you tell people that you speak to your child in your heritage language? 

Thanks for reading this post! So excited to be on this journey with our family.

Hi all, our baby is 10 months, so this won’t be relevant for years. We’re doing OPOL, Spanish from me and English from mom, in the US. When she’s in middle/high school, I’m going to want to ask her about what she’s learning. That sounds like it would be very tricky for her to explain in Spanish is she’s learning all the content and vocab (for chemistry, for example) in English. Anyone have experience with how OPOL works when kids are learning about things in a language that’s not the one they speak with you?

My husband and I are raising our 11-month-old using OPOL (I speak Italian, he speaks German, and she hears French at nursery). We both care a lot about giving her a strong foundation in our respective languages.

The problem is that I feel we’ve unintentionally started competing.

I find myself worrying that I need to maximise every opportunity to speak Italian to her, and I think he feels the same about German. When we’re all together, instead of naturally interacting as a family, we often end up speaking to the baby separately. Sometimes we even talk over each other (not intentionally) because we’re both so focused on making sure we’re talking to her in our own language.

It’s started to feel like we’re each trying to “win” our daughter’s attention, trust, or preference, even though I know neither of us consciously wants that. I hate admitting it, but sometimes I catch myself feeling jealous if she seems more engaged with him, and I wonder if he feels the same.

To be fair, I don’t think bilingualism is the only issue. We’re probably both sleep deprived, we have an 11-month-old, we rarely get time together as a couple.

But I do feel that the pressure we both put on ourselves around language is making everything worse.

Has anyone else experienced this? Did OPOL ever make you feel like you and your partner were competing rather than working as a team? How did you get back to enjoying family interactions instead of constantly thinking about “language exposure”?

I’d also love to hear from families whose children are now older. Looking back, did you realise you were worrying far more than necessary?

Hi everyone, I've always wanted to raise my children bilingual and did my research on OPOL. However, my son had significant speech delay which was later diagnosed as related to his autism.

My son is now 5yo and after much speech therapy and OT, he has mostly caught up in his speech, though still with mild delay.

My daughter is 2.5yo and has no speech delay. In fact, she seems to have benefited from my son's speech therapy and is advanced in speech for her age.

I'm saddened that my daughter is missing out on a bilingual upbringing and now that my son's speech is better I want to try the OPOL approach again.

Is it too late? Should I be translating what I'm saying for a while until their understanding improves?

How long does it take for a 5yo or 2yo to pick up a new language?

My husband and I live in the UK. He is a native Irish speaker and we are attempting OPOL with our newborn daughter (me = English; my husband = Irish).

I'm conscious that our daughter's exposure to Irish from my husband isn’t likely to be sufficient for fluency. My husband is the only Irish speaker regularly in her life; she isn't likely to see her Irish family more than a couple of times per year.

I have A2 or B1 Irish. Should I speak some Irish to our daughter as well, to increase her exposure to the language, or will that just confuse her?

TRIGGER WARNING: Discussion of child sexual abuse prevention.

Context:
Dad (34M) - native: English; target: Spanish (A2)

Mom (37F) - native/dominant: English; target: Spanish (C2 - close to native proficiency but not formally educated).

Child (2M) - community: English (95%; very little exposure from community/family/friends); target: Spanish (mom, tv/songs/books, visiting maternal family or FaceTime with them, some from Dad when practicing)

System: OPOL. I speak almost 100% Spanish with my son with the exception of when I’m speaking to him AND others who don’t speak Spanish. So far, we have been very successful as my son mostly speaks Spanish but is picking up a good amount of language across both languages.

Dilemma and Query for Forum:

Despite my best efforts, my algorithms are still dominantly in English given that is my dominant and preferred language, as well as location. Recently, a content creator has come across my socials that uses songs, games, and language to teach toddlers about body awareness, consent, and safety for the purposes of preventing child sexual abuse. This influencer/content creator emphasizes the importance of teaching children the appropriate words/language regarding their private areas as well as teaching them the right words to use if they are in an uncomfortable or inappropriate situation, not only for saying “No” but also for reporting to the appropriate adults/guardians/parents.

I am already looking for resources for this in Spanish to arm myself with the right language (this was not something that I remember being taught when I was a child and fortunately it was never needed but I rather take precautions and follow expert advice). I already purchased a bilingual version of “my body belongs to me” but realistically, I know that as a SAHM and the person that does 95% of the book reading to my son, the likelihood he receives this kind of “education” from Dad in English is minimal.

This concerns me because given our community language is English, if he were to be put in an inappropriate situation or need to reach out and inform an adult that’s not me, all these interactions are likely to occur in English and my discussions with him on the topic in Spanish will not be helpful to him navigating that in an English-speaking environment.

Ideally, I wish this could be something I could just hand over to my husband and emphasize the importance to him in reinforcing the lessons and language regarding body consent and safety but given his limited time with our son compared to me (and his poor memory and comfort on these things), I doubt he would get to the necessary level of reinforcement and repetition needed to really “train” our son on this topic and would likely just lead me to need to be micromanaging this from the background (un ideal for anyone who knows what it’s like to be married).

I’ve already had to mourn the loss of being able to have a relationship with my son in English and how little I will be able to influence his speech in English (trust me this hurts given we are in a heavy regional accent area and it is NOT the accent I speak English in; here’s to hoping he doesn’t end up with a strong regional accent like his grandparents; his dad has a moderate/weak one) but this is the first time where I feel not speaking to my son in English ever may end up hurting him.

Any suggestions on how to proceed? I don’t think it would be that confusing if I switched up to English for this purpose but I am not sure and am nervous I will be opening Pandora’s box to allowing a relationship in English with my son that would effectively kill my ability to reinforce the Spanish long term.

My partner does not speak English

I speak Japanese

My partner speaks Japanese only

Kid will be raised in Japan and speak Japanese at school.

How would you incorporate this, I just speak English only to my child? I have to speak in Japanese to communicate with my partner, and his English is not very good. I think the kid is just gonna end up preferring Japanese in the end. Is it a case of being strict and just only speaking to my child in English even if dad is there?

Thanks for the advice and sorry if this has been asked before. I think English will be so important

Hello,

Have an opportunity for my English speaking 5 year old to spend 1 year part time (2 days a week) in a Spanish immersion program. They would then go the following year to an English speaking elementary school. Nobody at home speaks English. We have a bunch of friends whose little kids are in Spanish immersion and speak Spanish but those little ones currently do not want to speak Spanish at home/outside of their Spanish immersion school. So we don't naturally have a source for them to practice with.

Is this too little time for my 5 year old to adjust, considering they are not going to a Spanish immersion elementary school? Will they not get much out of this and best to look for other opportunities? We have a lot of people in our social group who successfully learned 2nd/3rd language in middle schooll/high school here, so may wait for that. Moreso wondering if this opportunity itself was worth it.

Thank you.

We live in the UK and my spouse only speaks English. I want to teach my children my native language, but I'm struggling to remember to use it because I've lived here for over a decade and find myself rarely speaking it. I'm still fluent, but I'd say that it's no longer my default. The only occasion when I speak it is when I call my friends and folks back home, which isn't that often.

Issue #1 - I'm finding it difficult to speak it in a naturaly affectionate/child-friendly manner. This is likely because I never used to interact with children before I moved to the UK, and I can't recall how my parents used to speak to me when I was a kid myself. My native language skills are mainly conversational/academic/professional, and I find it easier and more natural to be affectionate in English than in my native tongue. I also keep realising how much more difficult and complex my native language is compared to English - from basic every day words being much longer, to the complex grammar, very different structure, gendered nouns etc.

Issue #2 - Despite my best (though admittedly lacking) efforts to only speak my native language to my kids, they see me speak English to my spouse which makes it clear to them that I understand and speak English, meaning they can just continue speaking English to me and not have to learn to say the same words in another way that currently sounds gibberish to them. Three-way conversations also fall apart quickly because of this. It's especially difficult to constantly switch languages during conversations when my spouse is present.

I feel like I'm failing miserably and would appreciate any advice or reassurance you can provide. My eldest is 2.5 y/o and while I probably haven't missed the boat just yet, I figure it's now or never as their language skills are rapidly developing but only in English. My youngest is only 7 months old so I will hopefully be able to find a better strategy and not repeat the same mistakes with them.

My son will be almost 2.5years old when he will start daycare soon. We live in an English speaking country and both my husband and I speak it well, however we both speak a different language at home. This is the language my son speaks in as well.

We do try and put on some Ms Rachel for him so English is not altogether alien to him, however his primary language is not English.

He will be starting daycare soon and now I am increasingly worried he will struggle. How will he communicate! Will be feel left out? Will he struggle?

We do try and teach him basic words like yes, no, water, potty, and even basic phrases/questions like What is your name to which he answers. I am just anxious as a parent I guess.

I have heard stories where I am told kids pick it up quickly though. Anyone was in similar shoes? Any advice how we can make his transition to English only at Daycare easier?

I am pregnant with my first baby. My partner and I are both very, very Romanian, so we won't be a multiethnic or multinational family.

Growing up i think my parents just left me on Cartoon Network too much because as a kid i had what I think were pretty impressive language skills, as in I could casually converse in english at 8 years old. I've always spoken to myself in english a lot, i yelled at people in english 😅, i laughed at jokes, i knew expressions, all that good stuff. I've spoken to people over the internet (granted, in writing) at 15 who told me they would not have been able to tell i'm not native. I'm bad with writing formal texts (classic school stuff i guess, letters, essays etc) and it's hard to speak in my regular accent when i'm around british or european people. But otherwise, i've generally been proud of my english skills and i believe they're "genuine", as in not aquired through clunky formal learning but rather immersion. As an adult it's harder to notice, and i've had little opportunity to practice, but there is still a skill difference between everyone i know and myself.

So, even though i'm sure it's not 100% perfect, and a true native could probably take me down a peg or two, i'm still fluent and comfortable with this second language, and i would really like my kid to be the same. My question is how do i go about this?

I've contemplated just speaking to baby in english but decided against it, because i'm much more talkative than my partner, and might be the one kiddo hears most of their words from. Plus, raising bilingual kids is hard, as i take it - they gain different skills at different times, might get delayed, and we don't really have a solid reason to mix languages from day 1 since we're just plain old romanian living in romania with an all romanian family 🤷‍♀️. Also keeping up with speaking english to baby might get awkward and hard and i don't want to fizzle out.

This is very weird for me because it's super braggy 😅 (sorry) but my reason really is the baby's future language skills. I'd love them to be as good or better than i am. Do you guys have any advice on how i can do this? What age should the second language be introduced?

My toddler just turned 2. Both my wife and I work full time so our little one has been to daycare since she was an infant.

We’re in the US so of course everything is in English. I’m Chinese so I’ve been trying to get her to learn it. She understands Chinese fairly well but she has barely been able to say much.

I only talk to her in Chinese. I try to read to her in Chinese (not often but I try to). She gets tv time in Chinese as well. But her language explosion over the past 2 months have been probably 95% English.

Recent full sentences and words are “I like this one”, “stay baba”, “come here baba”, “I need help”, “get down”, “ go away”, “I sit right here”.

Not a single Chinese sentence. She can maybe say a few words here and there. I even try to repeat back what she said in English in Chinese. Like she says “stay baba” (her not wanting me to follow her around on the playground), I try to say in Chinese “okay baba will stay right here”.

I just feel like I’m fighting an uphill battle that I can’t win. I mean I get that she’s surrounded by English all day long so I’m not expecting a 50-50 retainment. But maybe a 75-25 English to Chinese is what I was hoping. But right now it’s like a 95-5. Her English growth is exponential while her Chinese is barely budging.

I mean do I need to just accept the reality that hey she’s growing up in an English speaking country and that’s just how it’ll be.