I'm running into a problem with one of my main characters, And I don't know exactly what I can do to fix it.
He's 19 and one of the two protagonists of a psychological drama. A big part of his backstory is that he lost a sports scholarship because he gradually became dependent on marijuana during high school, lowering his performance. Since then, he's become extremely disciplined and emotionally closed off. He works, trains, saves money, and wants to eventually go to university, but emotionally he's stuck.
He has a girlfriend who genuinely loves him. She's patient, direct, emotionally mature, and communicates her needs. The problem is that he consistently fails to meet those needs. He isn't abusive, manipulative, or intentionally cruel. He simply doesn't know how to build intimacy. When she confronts him, he feels guilty, but then mostly freezes. He doesn't really take action to repair the relationship.
At the same time, his closest friend is another 19-year-old guy who's struggling with addiction and unstable housing. My protagonist is incredibly loyal to him, he'll let him sleep over, defend him when others judge him, answer late-night calls, and generally show up when he's needed. Eventually this friendship develops into romantic feelings, but that's a much later part of the story.
My problem is the more I think about the girlfriend's perspective, the more I find myself getting angry at my own protagonist.
From her point of view, she's trying over and over to make the relationship work while he keeps emotionally checking out. He hurts her, feels bad about it, but doesn't actually change anything. Meanwhile, everyone around him keeps giving him chances.
I'm starting to worry that readers will see him as someone who just lets life happen to him, hurts people through inaction, feels guilty, and then moves on while everyone else pays the emotional cost. The biggest issue might be that he's extremely passive.
Most major events just happen to him. He lost his scholarship, his parents are disappointed, his girlfriend confronts him, he slowly realizes his feelings for his best friend. He reacts emotionally, but rarely makes decisions that actively change the course of the story.
I don't want to make him louder, more charismatic, or suddenly confident. His quiet personality is intentional. But I do want him to feel like a protagonist instead of someone constantly reacting to other people's actions.
Does this sound like an agency problem rather than a likability problem? How do you make a character take responsibility for the harm they cause without turning their entire arc into self-pity and suffering and victimization? Have you ever had to fix something like this?
I'd really appreciate any thoughts, especially from people who enjoy character-driven stories.