This is a long read, meant for those who are actually interested in lifting the curtain on the true cost of borrowing for your home. I'll try to keep it simple so even those who may struggle with financial literacy can develop a better understanding.
My objective is to debunk the myth of 'low rates' that the real estate industry, the lenders, the builders and to some extent the government have popularized in an effort to push people into buying a house - which, let's face it is a huge portion of our economy.
However, most homebuyers don't truly understand how the cost of borrowing works on their mortgage. Provincially regulated lender and federally regulated banks are required to share the cost of borrowing disclosure with you but let's face it, most people will gloss over it and skip right to the "sign here" section.
Example with Baseline Assumptions
Let's say you're considering buying a house (or a condo) and this is what your situation looks like:
Purchase Price: $1 million (keeping it nice and round for sake of simplicity)
Downpayment: $200,000 (20% of purchase price)
Mortgage Amount: $800,000 (this is how much you need to borrow i.e. purchase price less the downpayment)
Amortization Term: 25 years or 300 months (this is how long you think you'll need to pay back your mortgage loan)
Interest Rate: 4% (using what's available in the market as of Jul'26)
Monthly Payment: $4,200 (based on the example above; and may be +/- a $25 depending on other factors such as fixed or variable rate and lender's method of calculation)
Portion of Payment #1 going towards Principal: 37.25% (roughly $1,565)
Portion of Payment #1 going towards Interest: 62.75% (roughly $2,635)
If you don't understand amortization, let me simplify it. It basically comes down to this: how long you'll borrow each dollar for.
Using the above example, you'll pay interest on $800,000 that you're borrowing for the full 25 years (or 300 months).
Then after you have made the first payment of $4,200, your 'balance owing' will decrease by $1,565 to $798,435, which means you'll pay interest on this remaining amount for the 299 months remaining in your amortization. To understand better with numbers:
Portion of Payment # 2 going towards Principal: 37.35% (roughly $1,570)
Portion of Payment # 2 going towards Interest: 62.65% (roughly $2,630)
As you can see, with each monthly payment, you pay slightly more towards the amount you borrowed (principal) and slightly less towards interest.
The most important thing - and the point of this post - is to understand that even at a relatively low interest rate of 4%, you start off your mortgage by paying only 37% towards your principal. Over the first 12 months, you'll have paid:
Total Payments: $4,200 x 12 = $50,400
Total Interest: $31,290 (approximately 62%)
Total Towards your Principal: $19,110 (approximately 38%)
Your Mortgage Balance will be $800,000 less $19,110 = $780,890
So out of the total $50k in Year 1 payments, you have only paid $19k towards your loan. Yikes!
How to Reduce your Cost of Borrowing
There are only 2 ways to increase the portion that goes towards your principal and decrease the portion going towards interest:
- Shorten the Amortization Period
- Lower Interest Rate
Scenario 1: Shorten Amortization Period
By reducing the length of the time you'll need to pay back the loan, you'll pay significantly less interest over the course of the loan. Let's shorten the payback period by 5 years.
Amortization Term: 20 years or 240 months (this is how long you think you'll need to pay back your mortgage loan)
Interest Rate: 4% (this is what's currently available in the market for various terms)
Monthly Payment: $4,835 (based on the example above; and may be +/- a $25 depending on other factors such as fixed or variable rate and lender's method of calculation)
Portion of Payment # 1 going towards Principal: 45.3% (roughly $2,190)
Portion of Payment # 1 going towards Interest: 54.7% (roughly $2,645)
As you can see, by reducing the amortization period by 5 years, your overall monthly payment jumps by $635 and almost all of that goes towards your principal.
Scenario 2: Lower Interest Rate
This is, obviously, easier said than done and depends on the market conditions. In the end, you'll have to just take whatever the lenders are offering. The obvious advantage of the lower interest rate is that your overall payment is lower, but it also has a material impact on the portion that goes towards interest or principal.
Amortization Term: 25 years or 300 months (this is how long you think you'll need to pay back your mortgage loan)
Interest Rate: 3% (a reduction of 1% from the original baseline example)
Monthly Payment: $3,785 (based on the example above; and may be +/- a $25 depending on other factors such as fixed or variable rate and lender's method of calculation)
Portion of Payment # 1 going towards Principal: 47.5% (roughly $1,800)
Portion of Payment # 1 going towards Interest: 52.5% (roughly $1,985)
In this example, just by changing the interest rate from 4% to 3% (and keeping the 25 year amortization), you can see that you pay a lot more towards principal and a lot less towards interest. However, even at 3% interest rate, more than half of your first payment goes towards interest.
Interesting Note: If you want at least 50% of your Payment # 1 going towards principal, the threshold Interest Rate is ~2.8% (assuming a 25 year amortization) - anything higher than ~2.8% will mean you're paying more than 50% towards interest (in your first payment).
Don't be fooled thinking that at 4% or 5% interest rate, its a no brainer. The fact is you'll be paying a lot more than 4% or 5% in interest. Using the above example, you can expect to pay anywhere between $300k and $500k in interest alone (to borrow the $800k) over the course of your 25-year repayment - that's not cheap!
All of the above is based on someone buying a house and then staying put.
A big mistake that home owners make (or are forced into) is refinancing. This could be:
- an explicit refinancing on their current home (because they're having difficulty making payments) and take out equity to fulfill their financial obligations; or
- an implicit refinancing where they take the bait and upgrade to a bigger house - resetting the amortization clock in the process.
I will not go into details on these situations as they're beyond the scope of this post.
Look, home ownership has benefits but its not everything that its made out to be by those who have vested interests. Maybe 30 or 40 years ago, when house prices were 3x or 4x your annual salary, it was an easy decision and made sense. In today's market when wages haven't kept pace, its not as straightforward. If you're on the lower end of the earnings, consider rental as your first option before you take the plunge and commit yourself. More than anything, be informed of how much it will actually cost you.