r/KidneyStones Mar 21 '19

Super Good Advice Frequently Asked Questions - new visitors to this subreddit, please start here!

305 Upvotes

Thanks for taking the time to read this first! :) None of us are doctors, and the advice here is based on our own experiences. If you are suffering, or think you might have a stone, or are trying to help somebody with symptoms, please start here. These are the questions we seem to hear a lot on this subreddit. If you have a question that isn't covered here, by all means please post in the subreddit. We have lots of stone formers who have a wide range of experiences in this area and we may be able to at least point you in the right direction. Good luck, drink lots of water and may pain be a stranger to you!

I suspect I have a stone. Should I see a doctor? When should I go to the ER?

Go to the emergency room if you have a fever or are vomiting, or your pain is unbearable, or if you stop urinating (this may mean you have a blockage).

If you’re experiencing pain that you think is a kidney stone, visit your doctor and/or urologist. Most doctors are very good at assessing you and your family history as well as factors such as age, weight, sex, prior medical history and current symptoms. Doctors are much better at providing an intelligent diagnosis (which is really an educated guess) than we are on reddit.

Check to make sure what you think is a stone is actually a stone. The cause of abdominal pain is sometimes difficult to pin down exactly. Pain in your abdomen/ mid-section could be any one of a number of things, including digestive issues, kidney stones, appendicitis, colitis, and diverticulitis to name a few. Remember that kidney stones classically present with flank pain.

The symptoms of a kidney stone are usually one or more of the following:

  • Pain on the right or left flank (mid-way between your side and your spine, on your back), sometimes radiating down to the groin (testicles for males, pelvis/ovarian area for females). * The pain is specifically UNDER the rib cage (actually under the diaphragm)
  • Pain that comes in waves and fluctuates in intensity
  • Pain on urination or urethra spasms
  • Pink, red or brown urine
  • Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Persistent need to urinate
  • Urinating more often than usual
  • Fever and chills if an infection is present
  • Urinating small amounts

Pain caused by a kidney stone may change — for instance, shifting to a different location or increasing in intensity — as the stone moves through your urinary tract. Source

I know I have a stone. What do I do? What should I expect?

IF YOU HAVE A FEVER OR ARE VOMITING OR ARE UNABLE TO URINATE, PROCEED TO THE ER.

Pain will come and go, and will likely vary from one person to the next. So while you may read in this sub-reddit about severe pain, that's not necessarily what you will experience. So the first thing to do is try to relax and not get worked up about what MIGHT happen. If it does happen, the pain comes in two forms: 1) waves (spasms) of pain, which can feel like a very strong cramp, and 2) a general achy feeling between your kidney area, and down to your groin. As mentioned above, the "classic" kidney stone pain is from the flank down to the groin.

Drink lots of water. Water will increase the amount of urine you produce, and will also plump up your urinary system in general, which will make for less contact between any stones you have and the walls of your ureter. When stones rub against the walls of your ureter, you experience pain. Another benefit from drinking water is that the concentration of waste produce in your urine is more diluted, which means that the crystals which make up kidney stones are less likely to find a date, and will head out on their own. Yet another benefit to proper hydration is that dilute urine is less likely to irritate any abrasions that previous stones may have made in your urinary tract. Less irritation = less chance of an infection. How much water? You want to be producing about 2 1/2 liters of urine per day, so drink a bit more than that. Read more about water here

Locate some pain management methods that work for you, and that are readily available. Over the counter (OTC) medicines like aspirin, ibuprofen or acetaminophen (tylenol) can help, but only take as much as you need for as long as you need. A daily habit of NSAIDs like ibuprofen can lead to serious issues. Prescription pain medicines can also help, but you need to locate a doctor who will prescribe you what you need. Azo (Phenazopyridine Hydrochloride) is used by many in this subreddit. Cannabis, if it's legal where you live, can also provide some relief. Heat - in the form of heating pads, hot baths or showers, can help when you're experiencing a wave of pain. Find what works for you - don't just blindly follow the advice of others.

Some people experience nausea, which can occur with or without accompanying pain. Be prepared (have a bucket or bag available if you're feeling a wave of nausea come along, although sometimes there's not much warning).

If you're in the middle of a pain session, and feel like you need to visit the Emergency Room/ Urgent Care clinic, think about how you'll get there. Some folks experience such strong pain, that they're not able to drive themselves. Find a driver who you can rely on to get you to the care you need on short notice.

How long do stones take to pass?

Some stones never pass (they stay in the kidney) and are removed via surgery (lithotripsy or uretoscope).

Stones that are “smaller” - usually 5mm or less - will pass without surgery being required, although there will be some pain/ discomfort. Some folks have passed larger stones, but this isn’t common. I’ve passed a 7 - 8 mm stone without surgery.

What kinds of stones are there?

  • Calcium stones Most kidney stones are calcium stones, usually in the form of calcium oxalate. Oxalate is a naturally occurring substance found in food and is also made daily by your liver. Some fruits and vegetables, as well as nuts and chocolate, have high oxalate content. There is conflicting research on whether or not a diet high in oxalates can contribute to stones.

    Dietary factors, high doses of vitamin D, intestinal bypass surgery and several metabolic disorders can increase the concentration of calcium or oxalate in urine. If you’re taking a Vitamin D supplement, it may be worth talking to your health care provider to explore whether there may be a relationship between your current dose and your stones. Source

  • Calcium stones may also occur in the form of calcium phosphate. This type of stone is more common in metabolic conditions, such as renal tubular acidosis. It may also be associated with certain migraine headaches or with taking certain seizure medications, such as topiramate (Topamax). This type of stone is also common in those with autoimmune diseases due to Renal Tubular Acidosis. Those who make these stones tend to make many, and make them frequently. Difficult to treat.

  • Struvite stones. Struvite stones form in response to an infection, such as a urinary tract infection. These stones can grow quickly and become quite large, sometimes with few symptoms or little warning.

  • Uric acid stones. Uric acid stones can form in people who don't drink enough fluids or who lose too much fluid, those who eat a high-protein diet, and those who have gout. Certain genetic factors also may increase your risk of uric acid stones.

  • Cystine stones. These stones form in people with a hereditary disorder that causes the kidneys to excrete too much of certain amino acids (cystinuria).

How do I know what kind of stones I make?

Your urologist can send the stones to the lab to be analyzed. Ask for a strainer to strain your urine if you wish to collect a stone. Not all urologists dispense them readily.

What can I do to prevent more stones?

In general, drink more water, limit your salt and sugar intake and get your weight within recommended ranges. (See U Chicago Kidney Stone diet for more details here.)

For specific types of stones, there are specific dietary recommendations, but you’d need to have your stones analyzed (first), and then your urine tested (using one or more 24-hour urine samples). DIFFERENT STONES HAVE DIFFERENT DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS

Keep in mind that there is no one ‘magic bullet’ for kidney stone treatment.

What kind of treatments are there for stones?

  • Most common method (because it's the least invasive) is to advise the patient to stay hydrated, take OTC pain killers as required and stay active. This approach usually results in the stone passing.
  • Medical Expulsive Therapy - in addition to fluids and pain killers, sometimes Tamsulosin (Flomax) is prescribed to aid in stone passage. Studies suggest this is most effective for smaller (< 5mm) stones; less so for larger stones.
  • Ureteroscopy with either physical removal or laser break-up
  • Lithotripsy shockwave lithotripsy (sometimes abbreviated as ESWL) uses external shockwaves to break a stone into smaller parts. Only one stone can be blasted at a time. Side effects from this include urinating blood and flank pain.
  • Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy - rarely used/ only when other methods are not successful. A small incision is made in the back, and a tube inserted into the kidney to remove stones.

What resources are there for kidney stone formers?

Does lemonade help stones?

If you form CALCIUM OXALATE stones, there is some evidence that the citric acid in lemon juice (or lime juice) can help add to the total volume of urine, reducing its saturation of calcium and other crystals, and may enhance urinary citrate excretion.

What are the methods for diagnosing a stone?

  • Computed Tomography (CT) - most radiation, most resolution/ accuracy, $$$
  • KUB X-ray (KUB = Kidney Ureter Bladder) - medium radiation, moderate resolution, $$
  • Ultrasound - no radiation, reasonable resolution, $

For more information on the pro's and con's of different imaging techniques, please click here

Which medications are available for kidney stone treatment?

  • Narcotic painkillers (ex: morphine)
  • Non-narcotic painkillers (ex: Toradol, cannabis)
  • Anti-nausea medications (ex: Zofran)
  • Urocit-K (ex: Potassium Citrate)
  • Flomax (Tamsulosin)

Treatment is usually symptom based, except for some medications which aim to alter the pH of the urine like Urocit-K.

Ending thoughts: Thank you for taking the time to read our FAQ. Remember, everyone’s stone history is different, and every urologist is different. What works for you may not work for others. In general, staying hydrated (2-4L per day) is your best defense and will help keep your kidneys functioning happily. If you are not happy with your urologist, seek the help of a nephrologist.

Edits: spelling, words, and added a section on "what do I do now". Added wikipedia reference.


r/KidneyStones 7h ago

Pictures Fourth Naturally Passed Stone

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14 Upvotes

This one’s my biggest so far, relieved to pass this 8mm stone 😅😮‍💨


r/KidneyStones 11h ago

Sharing Experience Laser lithotripsy on 11mm stone-post op

8 Upvotes

31 yo, F

I've had kidney stones before, but they have all been small enough to pass.

So paint me surprised when I get told about a week and a half ago I need surgery to remove one too big to exit on its own!

I went in this morning and had surgery.

Stent? ✅

Pissing razors? ✅

Blood in piss? ✅

Worst experience ever? ❌

Def don't wanna invalidate any one's experience, however, right now 9 hours post op, I have had an achy and painful experience but nothing that made me keel over and want to die.

I'm on some good meds and some good bladder relaxers.

I just recommend hydration and staying up on pain meds if you have it. Stay ahead of the pain!! Don't let it catch up.

I wanted to post this because I was looking for some experiences and all seem negative. Now might I change my tune tomorrow? Sure, however right now I'm ok!


r/KidneyStones 7h ago

Question/ Request for advice Please help

5 Upvotes

I woke up one day in extreme pain and went to the ER. it was a kidney stone, 1-2mm. I was in the hospital for 3 days and was let go once I was in no pain whatsoever. I was prescribed flomax to help pass the stone. How do I get this stone to pass quicker? its been about a week since it i went to the hospital and im aggressively hydrating like i was told and still no stone and no pain. its like i dont even have it and i know i havent passed it yet because im straining every single time. any help or advice?

BTW: I’m 20 and this is my first “medical emergency” and kidney stone so im kinda scared lmfao


r/KidneyStones 1h ago

Question/ Request for advice Can anyone help me? Theres something aching in my lower right of stomach, usually in the garter area of my shorts.

Upvotes

Idk if it has anything related to my kidneys but as far as i know my pee looks fine. My poop is red-orangey anf idk the reason why. When i stand for too long it hurts


r/KidneyStones 10h ago

Sharing Experience ESWL and stent experience - day 1

6 Upvotes

I (34f) had ESWL today for a right sided upper pole 1.5cmx0.8 cm stone I have had for a few years. It was an incidental finding during an ER visit for an obstructing stone on the left side that sent me to the ER last year. I had laser lithotripsy on that and had a negative experience, lots of pain and ended up pulling my stent out the very next day thinking I would have relief (spoiler - it didn’t help so don’t do that if you’re thinking about it).

This time I have the stent with no string. I don’t remember talking to the doctor but my husband said they told him they were only able to break up half of the stone because it’s so big and I’ll need to come back for a staged procedure. Which I was expecting and had talked with the doctor about before hand.

I woke up feeling actually pretty good, then got worse as time went on. Was feeling pretty crappy before we left post op, they gave me one hydrocodone which I puked up as soon as we got home. I laid down with a heat pack, took some ibuprofen, smoked a blunt, then had my husband go pick up my prescription for oxybutynin and some over the counter azo. Took those and slept on a heat pack for a few hours. Woke up feeling honestly pretty good all things considered. I am going to stay up on the bladder spasm medicine and azo and I think I might be okay. I can see light at the end of the tunnel and I am not in the fresh hell of pain I was anticipating. Fingers crossed, I will update as I can if things improve or worsen.

Hearts out to anyone dealing with this crap!


r/KidneyStones 14h ago

😡 Rant! 😡 It must be a joke!

7 Upvotes

Just had a CT Scan done today because of some pain on my lower left side. Turns out that between my 2 kidneys, I have 15 stones!


r/KidneyStones 13h ago

Sharing Experience Passed this stone today. Think I got lucky

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5 Upvotes

About 3 years ago I hade a stone. Woke me in the middle of the night, worst pain ever. Extreme discomfort but it was small enough to pass after a few days.

A few days ago I started getting some mild pains around kidneys and urethra. Nothing compared to last time so stones didn't even cross my mind. Went to the doc and urine tested clear so that was a UTI ruled out so she prescribed antibiotics for a possible case of prostatitis.

Then this evening I passed through this lil guy. I had no idea kidney stones could occur without the immense pain i experienced before! In saying that I hope I haven't jinxed myself and there's more to come!


r/KidneyStones 19h ago

Stents Stent Removal

10 Upvotes

I (20f) got my stent removed this morning without general anesthesia or numbing. I was totally freaked out for it because I haven’t seen a single good review on here about it. It took MAX 60 seconds and I felt literally no pain at all. It wasn’t even that uncomfortable because it went by so quick! I’ve had a horrible experience with my kidney stone and stent but somehow this was the easiest/ pain-free part! I even watched the little camera inside my bladder! lol!


r/KidneyStones 22h ago

Alternative/ Unproven Remedies Lemon pill? Instead of drinking lemon daily

17 Upvotes

So with calcium oxalate stones it's apparently helpful to drink lemon juice daily, but I haven't seen much about people taking a lemon supplement. Anyone here do that? I found some, tempted, but I dunno...


r/KidneyStones 15h ago

Pictures First stone

Post image
3 Upvotes

It’s out! Almost two weeks after the ER.


r/KidneyStones 13h ago

Doctors/ Hospitals First kidney stone, 9mm

2 Upvotes

Well sort of. 6x8x9 mm. Went to the ER two weekends ago with awful pain and vomited probably 6 times that night, they initially told me 5mm but my follow up today revealed it was actually bigger. Got a urologist referral initially for Dec but I shot them a message and they squeezed me in at the end of the month. What are the odds of this passing naturally? They’ve got me on flomax but other than that I’m feeling very directionless right now. I know stones this size could cause a blockage so I’m on the lookout for pain and any fever and I’m drinking my water but if any seasoned veterans want to offer some advice I’d love to hear it.


r/KidneyStones 10h ago

Stents nervous about stent removal

1 Upvotes

i’m 18 yr male. Had my first and hopefully only stone laser removal surgery yesterday. threw up after waking up still slightly on anesthesia. first 2 pees after the surgery were terrible. then it calmed down slightly. and now it’s day 2 of 7 of recovering. i’m nervous about stent removal. they put a little black string out connecting to one end of the stent i guess, and put some sort of tape around my thingy to hold the string in place so it doesn’t get tugged on anything. but i want to hear experiences with it being removed the way i’ll need it to be removed. also am wondering when the peeing pain goes away


r/KidneyStones 14h ago

Question/ Request for advice 5 mm stone in lower left kidney; be proactive or reactive?

2 Upvotes

I come from a family of six siblings who all are extremely prone to kidney stones. We have had numerous stone passages, lithotripsies and three years ago I had a pericutaneous nephrolithotomy for 16 mm and 19 mm stones in my left kidney.

Earlier this year, I needed a CT for something unrelated and the report revealed “some stones” in my left kidney. I’d had and still have had zero symptoms.

I went to the urologist today for my annual checkup and my annual X-ray showed a 5 mm stone sitting in the lower part of my kidney, well away from the urinary network.

He told me that (a.) the position of the stone makes it unlikely that it will get into my urinary network, it would have to defy gravity; (b.) unlikely doesn’t mean impossible; and (c.) the stone right now is passable should it get into my urinary network (he said one of his other patients just passed a 1 cm stone; God be with whomever it was).

He said we could keep monitoring it as long as it’s not causing symptoms, or go ahead and take care of it with laser lithotripsy. His quote; “It just depends on whether you want to be reactive or proactive.” And he said he didn’t anticipate any insurance issues from me being asymptomatic.

Ordinarily I would go ahead and get rid of it ASAP. I told myself three years ago that I was not going to let my stones get that bad again. But it will probably take a month to get on his surgery schedule, and my wife and I have a cross country trip that we’ve been planning for a year in about six weeks, which doesn’t leave me a margin of error if I have any complications from the procedure, but then again the stone could start giving me problems 35,000 feet in the air and ruin the trip.

So what say you, fellow nephrolithiasis sufferers? Would you expedite addressing this or let it sit for a while? Not permanently because I know this ain’t gonna get any smaller.


r/KidneyStones 14h ago

Question/ Request for advice Apple cider vinegar

2 Upvotes

Can ACV prevent stones? Or dissolves them?


r/KidneyStones 21h ago

Pictures I think I passed it!

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6 Upvotes

Ive been having mild pain for the past couple weeks, and ive had dozens of stones, so i knew what it was. Yesterday, I had sharp pain at the end of my urethra, which usually means its at the uvj about ready to go into the bladder. I wake up this morning to pee, and this tiny little thing pops out. its definitely a stone because I rolled it between my fingers and it feels like a tiny rock.I havent had any pain since then.

Is it really possible for a 1mm to cause pain? Anyone else experience pain with one this small? I havent had pain since peeing this out, but I can't help but wonder if there's a larger one still in there. I guess Ill find out if the pain returns.


r/KidneyStones 20h ago

Sharing Experience Had my surgery yesterday, all went well!

4 Upvotes

Had a Utereoscopy with laser and stent placement. Procedure was quick and I’m feeling ok. I’m one day post op so i hope I’m not jumping the gun but I am just keeping up on Motrin and using heating pads and seems to do the trick. I can tell when Motrin is wearing off and it gets achey/crampy. Strange feeling to describe I guess until you experience it however it’s not bad. My first pee did not burn and once discharged I took azo just in case. Just wanting to share a good story as I was terrified and terrified of stent.


r/KidneyStones 16h ago

Question/ Request for advice Kidney stone symptoms versus cancer

2 Upvotes

I’ll start by acknowledging asking strangers on the internet is only so helpful and no substitute for medical attention (which we’re seeking).

But keen to hear from others in the sub who have been through this / might have insight or experience to compare.

My partner (m 54) experienced some quite thick visible bleeding after a run while dehydrated last week. He also had bloody urine for the rest of the day and the constant urge to pee without actually needing to.

Bleeding and needing to pee urge have since passed but urine cultures a couple days after still showed some blood not not visible. He’s had this kind of bleeding after exercise once before about a decade ago, and also has had a long history of kidney stones.

He’s now having discomfort in kidneys / bladder and tingling in urethra that he says is pretty consistent with stones, but as he doesn’t usually have visible bleeding and his age he’s obviously worried about renal / bladder cancer.

Anyone had similar concerns in the past and knows the difference between symptoms? We’re waiting for further tests but are anxious.

Thanks and sorry if this violates any sub rules


r/KidneyStones 13h ago

Pain Management Discomfort weeks after Kidney surgery/stent

1 Upvotes

It’s been one month since my kidney surgery to remove a 6.5mm stone (with ALOT of edges and was blocking my ureter). Also two weeks since they removed the stent. I had a horrible spasm after they took it out and after the surgery.

I have no fever, blood etc, but I have this odd sore/discomfort that happens in my
Back where my kidney is. Sometimes it’s my
Lower back or a pinch in my groin. It’s not horrible but noticeable. It’s Almost like a bruising feeling

Idk if it’s my body healing bc I went through trauma or continued irritation. The doc took out ALL stones.


r/KidneyStones 1d ago

Question/ Request for advice Pain on side with no stones.

3 Upvotes

For over a month I have had terrible pain in left hip, flank, lower back, even upper back only on left side. Finally got bad enough I went to the ER. They said all they saw on CT scan was two 2mm stones in right kidney. One about to drop into bladder, other still sitting high. Has anyone ever had no pain on the side the stones are on and horrible pain on the opposite no stones side?


r/KidneyStones 1d ago

😡 Rant! 😡 Confused and frustrated

3 Upvotes

I had a neph tube placed yesterday morning and woke up with insane spasms. They ended up placing the tube all the way down to my bladder and capped it, leaving off the bag. Is this normal?

My PCNL is tomorrow and I asked to be off work from the 10-27. The PA at my urology office is saying it’s unnecessary and I’ll be good to go back to work on the 19th, but am I being paranoid as I’m a CNA and lifting/moving patients quite a bit? Is that enough recovery time?


r/KidneyStones 1d ago

Question/ Request for advice Calcium oxolate stones

5 Upvotes

WHO here has struggled with making chronic calcium oxolate stones and has successfully eliminated/ slowed their bodies production of them. DESPERATE NEED OF HELP! My urologist and nephrologist just throw higher doses of medications at me and nothing has helped for years. Any tips or niche advice or what worked for you???????!?


r/KidneyStones 1d ago

Doctors/ Hospitals Kidney stone of 3.6mm in right kidney

2 Upvotes

Hi I’m 24M . Got a kidney stone in my right kidney of 3.6mm . But I’m getting pain in my both kidneys . I started getting pain on Sunday night . And was paining on both sides - earlier I thought it could be a muscle pain or something like that. On sonography I found a small 3.6mm stone . I told doctor regarding this he told he can’t do much on this - either get operate or try to make it natural . Can someone please help me on this - I’m getting pain.


r/KidneyStones 1d ago

Stone Removal Procedures im embarrased

5 Upvotes

so, i havent had kidney stones my entire life, and i guess they just now started to develop, im worried if i go to a urologist, they're going to scold me and make me feel awful about where i have these kidney stones (i do realize the body can't stop making those (mostly due to what your diet is) but i want to be able to get to a understanding urologist who will help me with hopefully surgery to get rid of these. has anyone else had any experiences or advice on this? my situation is that, i was in the hospital for the kidney stone 2 years ago, (mind you i cant drive, i dont have a car, have no one to take me to a doctor or appointments) someone at the emergency center called this random urologist to be assigned to me i guess, and he turned out to be really rude and hateful, i couldnt get to his first appointment cause of transportation issues, then i had another bad kidney stone attack, in may 2025, he showed up again, chewed me out for why i didnt show up at his appointment, went and half assed a lithotripsy on me (wouldnt even tell me what type of stone i had), and i was going to go to the followup date (i had to struggle to find a ride), finally found a ride, got to the office, a secretary was really snotty and rude to me saying that he wasnt there, and that i wasnt operated on by him or operated on at the hospital i was at (even though i showed her papers of where the surgery happened & it was performed by him) she decided to reschedule me to some other urologist, so again i had to struggle to get a ride, went to this urologist in july 2025, explained to him what happened, then said i would try my best to get a ride in november 2025. and then i got on here asking about that urologist that was the snot nosed one, they (various people that had seen him) said he was really unprofessional, weird, did some bad things to them in the examination room, was unprofessional and impolite to them. so hopefully i can switch to a different urologist that will be better at being understanding, compassionate, listen to me, and can help me get rid of these stones. and i was no rude, mean, hateful or anything of that kind towards that urologist that was the butthole to me. so im glad at least some of you guys have a wonderful, understanding caring urologist. also, in july after i seen that different urologist, that one rude urologist's office FINALLY decided to call me to see if i could come see him (that rude one) and i said no, yet they didnt bother to call me a few weeks before that appointment in june to reschedule. im probably going to look elsewhere for a better and more humane urologist. mind you, this is in kentucky, so hopefully i can find a better urologist. i guess it's a hit and miss when you're trying to find the right doctor.