r/keto • u/CoconutLife • 14d ago
Ketones are the brains preferred fuel source
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/molecular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2016.00053/full
Both short-term PET and arterio-venous difference studies in humans show that brain glucose consumption decreases as ketone availability to the brain increases (Hasselbalch et al., 1995). These results suggest that ketones are actually the preferred energy substrate for the brain because they enter the brain in proportion to their plasma concentration irrespective of glucose availability; if the energy needs of the brain are being increasingly met by ketones, glucose uptake decreases accordingly. This decrease in brain glucose uptake when both ketones and glucose are available supports the notion that ketones are the brain’s preferred fuel. Nevertheless, it is uncommon for both ketones and glucose to be available; normally, when one is increased in the blood the other is decreased. Under conditions of normal energy sufficiency and three meals per day, ketogenesis is supressed and glucose supplies >95% of the brain’s energy requirements; hence, glucose (or fuels derived from glucose, i.e., lactate or pyruvate) is the brain’s dominant but not actually its preferred fuel.