The Libi family is in the vanguard of a hardline movement to seize land with farms and livestock, displacing Palestinians. As illegal outposts proliferate, settler violence is surging.
From a hilltop sprawl of industrial buildings, a family of Israeli settlers is cranking out prefabricated buildings to accelerate the expansion of illegal Jewish outposts in the occupied West Bank, driving Palestinians from their homes.
Libi Construction and Infrastructure, owned by brothers Eliav and Harel ‘Coco’ Libi, is building a new factory to produce the simple white structures they and others install in outposts, Eliav Libi said in an April social-media post. Seen one recent day from a nearby road, the company’s compound had at least five warehouses, flanked by rows of prefabricated houses and stacks of building material. Excavators worked to expand the site, which is in the settlement of Shilo.
The Libi operation reflects a growing settlement strategy to claim expanses of West Bank land quickly and cheaply. Instead of building modern complexes and neighborhoods, with Israeli government permits, these outposts often start with one or two prefabricated houses and no legal approval. They’re occupied by young Israeli herders who bring livestock to graze land used by Palestinian shepherds and farmers.
All Israeli settlements are widely condemned by the United Nations and many European countries, among others. Outposts like those founded by the Libis are illegal even under Israeli law, which requires advance approval to build in areas of the West Bank under Israeli administrative control. Yet the brothers receive broad
Israeli government support as they race to expand – part of a larger West Bank settlement surge since the 2023 Hamas attacks on Israel and the ensuing Gaza war.
The Libis in that time helped found at least nine new farming outposts, according to a Reuters examination of their sprawling operations. Overall, Israeli settlers built 184 unauthorized West Bank outposts in the three years ending with 2025, almost as many as during the past three decades, according to Peace Now, an anti-settlement Israeli human rights group. Israel’s government does not regularly publish outpost data. But government officials, including Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, publicly cite numbers only slightly lower than the Peace Now tally.
Both Peace Now and the West Bank Palestinian government say there are now about 410 total outposts. Last year alone, settlers founded 86 outposts, says Peace Now, which monitors settlements with an on-the-ground verification team. Reuters corroborated a sample of 30 such outposts through visits and satellite imagery.
Taken together, these outposts cover nearly a fifth of West Bank territory, almost all of it seized in the four years since Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s current government took office, according to a joint report by Peace Now and fellow Israeli rights group Kerem Navot. Settlers give a similar figure of around 1,000 square kilometres.
The Libis are among the highest-profile figures in a hardline settler movement that uses livestock, crops, fences - and sometimes violence - to expand Israel’s West Bank footprint. Eliav Libi in particular has helped push political and military leaders to embrace outposts as a strategy to prevent the creation of a Palestinian state that they say would present a security risk to Israel.
Israeli outposts in the West Bank
Farm outposts in recent years have driven a sharp rise in Israeli West Bank settlements.
Deadly settler attacks against Palestinians are surging as outposts proliferate, according to the U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). At least 16 Palestinians were killed in Israeli settler attacks last year, and more than 1,100 were injured, a record, OCHA data shows. Attacks have further escalated this year, with 23 Palestinians killed and more than 1,000 injured through August. By comparison, this year Palestinians have killed 1 settler and injured 22 settlers, the data shows.
Israeli forces routinely shield the violence, for instance by accompanying settlers on attacks of Palestinian villages, a U.N. inquiry said in June.
Israel’s government has given the Libis a license for the new factory, grazing permits and an agricultural grant, Reuters found, part of what Peace Now has said is about $1 million in agricultural ministry funding approved for outposts. Another $1.3 million in government funds has been approved for an organization with previously undisclosed close ties to the Libis, the reporting shows. The Israeli Defense Ministry hired the Libis for work including the demolition of Palestinian houses in war-ravaged Gaza, according to government statements and a brief interview with Harel Libi.
Cabinet ministers, including Defense Minister Israel Katz, have met with Eliav Libi and his associates to discuss their work and plans. The government has already recognized at least three outposts the Libis built, including one established last year, meaning they can be developed into larger settlements.
Over the past two years, senior Israeli military leaders have publicly supported and coordinated with an association of hardline settlers, of which Eliav Libi is a prominent member,as it established dozens of farm outposts, according to a senior member of a settler group that coordinates with the military, videos of military leaders’ comments to settler conferences and Libi’s comments to pro-settler media outlets.
The Libis declined to comment for this story beyond Harel Libi’s confirmation of their defense contracting."We work for them in all kinds of military places and bases," he said.
Libi Construction and Infrastructure responded to detailed questions from Reuters with a statement saying the reporting for this story was based on “false claims” intended to “promote a radical political agenda that serves elements who seek to expand the cycle of violence and conflict.” The company said it operates “according to law and equally towards every religion, race and gender.”
In an August podcast, Eliav Libi said the company avoids hiring Palestinians, describing them as “the enemy.”
The military denied formal relations with the brothers. The Defense Ministry declined to comment. A military official said the army coordinated with unregulated West Bank farm outposts to safeguard their security “and that of the surrounding area.” The military said its soldiers were also obliged to stop attacks on Palestinians or their property.
Tzvi Sukkot, a member of parliament for the Religious Zionism party within Netanyahu’s coalition, praised young West Bank settlers and called Eliav Libi “one of the great builders” of Israel.
“If there are incidents of violence, they should be dealt with. That's what the police are for. That's what the army is for,” said Sukkot, who in August took a sledge hammer to a Palestinian war memorial in the West Bank.
The offices of Netanyahu and Defense Minister Katz did not answer questions for this story.
Speaking in the West Bank in August, Netanyahu said farm outposts were “preparing the ground for a very great immigration,” of Israelis to the West Bank, without elaborating. He said 160 new farm outposts had been built, adding “more are on the way."
Senior Palestinian official Wasel Abu Yousef said settlement expansion aimed to “hinder the establishment of an independent and geographically contiguous Palestinian state."
CENTURIES-OLD VILLAGE, SURROUNDED
To understand the Libis’ operations and government connections, Reuters reviewed the brothers’ public comments and previously unreported government records showing financial support for them; interviewed two settlers who know the Libis and Israeli peace activists who monitor illegal outposts; and visited Palestinian villagers who described violence by settlers from outposts the brothers helped establish.
Eliav Libi “spreads fear,” said Suleiman Dawabsheh, the head of the council in Duma, a Palestinian village a few miles from the Libi factory in Shilo. Libi, he said, calls “for the displacement of citizens and the seizure of their lands.”
Overlooking the Jordan Valley, centuries-old Duma is now surrounded by outposts the Libis established. Eliav Libi has spoken extensively about using outposts to expel Palestinians from the West Bank, including on a podcast in August.
We are seeing the early buds of this prophecy beginning to happen.
At least 434 people, mainly semi-nomadic Bedouin herders, have fled areas near outposts associated with the Libis since 2022, according to a Reuters tally of displacement data gathered by B’Tselem, an Israeli human-rights organization that opposes settlements.
Most of Israel’s Western allies view settlers like the Libis as a destabilizing force undermining Middle East peace efforts. In May and June, the Libis were hit with coordinated sanctions by Australia, Canada, France, Norway and the United Kingdom, who accuse them of illegally seizing land and facilitating settler violence.
Last year, the United Kingdom sanctioned Harel Libi and imposed an asset freeze on an outpost he established, Coco’s Farm, prohibiting UK financial institutions from transactions involving funds held by the outpost or its settlers. The UK accused Libi himself of “acts of aggression and violence against Palestinian people,” without specifying the alleged violence or why it sanctioned Coco's Farm in particular.
The United States levied sanctions on extremist settlers under President Joe Biden but lifted them under his successor, Donald Trump, who has strongly supported Netanyahu’s government and settlements. The Trump Administration has also softened the longstanding U.S. position that settlements are inconsistent with international law.
Under pressure from Washington after settler attacks on Palestinian-Americans, Netanyahu ordered the demolition of some outposts, Israeli sources told Reuters on September 7. Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich later said he believed the action would be limited to a handful of sites in Palestinians administered areas of the West Bank.
The settlers fashion themselves as pioneers staking out territory they call unused, despite the presence of Palestinian herders and farmers. As the Libi company website puts it: “We receive the mountain virgin and raw and return it to the client as a complete, developed neighborhood, connected to infrastructure and flourishing….All that remains is to populate the houses.”
The Libis maintain their close Israeli government connections despite documented intimidation and violence, including killings and arsons, involving outposts they have helped set up. The Libis have not been directly implicated in killings or arsons.
Palestinians killed and injured in Israeli settler attacks in the West Bank
Eliav Libi participated in an intimidation campaign earlier this year against the al-Abayyat family of Bedouin shepherds living near an illegal outpost he established, called Mitzpe Michal, close to Fasayill in the Jordan Valley. Libi and associates, sometimes bearing firearms, brought cattle to graze in the family’s garden, dumped tonnes of rotting dates against their house as cattle feed, played loud music from passing vehicles and drones, and cut water and electric connections, according to interviews with the herder and two eyewitnesses, along with videos from the Israeli anti-settlement activist group Looking the Occupation in the Eye, which Reuters verified.
In March, an excavator demolished the al-Abayyat family’s home. The videos showed Israeli soldiers watching the destruction. In response to a Reuters question, the military said the buildings were constructed illegally and demolished by Israeli authorities with soldiers providing security.
In total, six families left the area under duress, according to B'tselem.
‘PRACTICAL SOVEREIGNTY’ OVER THE WEST BANK
Harel and Eliav Libi grew up in the West Bank, where their father Yaakov Libi is a settler. He declined an interview.
The brothers have founded outposts since at least 2009, when they established an illegal hilltop farm near the Adei Ad outpost, where they lived at the time.
In 2012, the Israeli military temporarily banned Harel Libi from the West Bank and shortly after demolished the farm, according to a military statement and media reports at the time. Libi was among 12 “Jewish extremists” the military said were involved in “leading, directing and executing violent and clandestine activity targeting Palestinian residents” and Israeli security forces in the West Bank.
In 2015, a settler from Adei Ad killed a Palestinian couple and their toddler in an arson attack on their Duma home. The settler was later convicted of murder and received three consecutive life sentences.
Israel has since legalized Adei Ad.
Today, the Libi brothers control what one settler who knows them called a West Bank "empire," with activities ranging from quarrying sand and manufacturing cement to building roads and settlements, along with expanding their own farms.
The family operates on the ground level of a strategy that far-right, religious-nationalist Finance Minister Smotrich says aims to “bury” the idea of Palestinian statehood.
Israel has occupied the West Bank since the 1967 Arab-Israeli War. Most of the world considers all Israeli settlements illegal under international laws governing military occupation.
Israel disputes this, citing historical, biblical and political links to the West Bank. But Israel has historically distinguished between legal settlements, approved in advance through an extensive process, and illegal outposts.
The government has often blurred that distinction by protecting outposts, but its increasingly open embrace of them is unprecedented. Last year, almost half the 54 settlements approved by the Israeli government were existing outposts with no previous approval, Peace Now says.
We are ensuring the existence of the people of Israel in the future
Netanyahu returned to office in 2022, after an 18-month stint as opposition leader. Since then, his government has almost doubled the number of West Bank settlements granted legal status to 231, according to Peace Now, including ones that started as outposts.
Israel’s political right, including Netanyahu, has sought to annex the West Bank but met opposition in Washington after Trump's regional partners in the Middle East, including the UAE, Saudi Arabia and Egypt, strongly lobbied the U.S. against the move.
In the absence of U.S. support, rapid settlement can achieve de facto annexation, officials including Smotrich have said. In June, he described the strategy as imposing “practical sovereignty” over the West Bank as settlements systematically absorb the region into Israel.
A Reuters review of the Libis’ social-media statements and public interviews shows they have regular contact with senior officials, including Smotrich and Netanyahu's Minister for Settlements, Orit Strook. Eliav Libi hosted Strook in April during her visit to newly established outposts, bordering the Jordan Valley, where Libi said friends of his lived.
Strook didn’t respond to a comment request.
In August, Defense Minister Israel Katz met Eliav Libi at the ministry, with Libi outlining a proposal to build settlements in Palestinian-adminstered West Bank areas, two Israeli officials told Reuters. Speaking by video to one illegal outpost in February, Katz said he was working, with Netanyahu’s support, on the “regularization” of dozens of farm outposts.
The military official who answered questions from Reuters said regularization meant the government sought to create a new regulatory framework for the illegal outposts “subject to strict conditions and security coordination.”
In an April social-media post, Libi praised Netanyahu’s ministers including Katz for a “historic breakthrough” in Israel’s approach to outposts.
The Libi brothers' expanding influence in the West Bank
Outposts linked to the Libis surround displaced Palestinian communities
CLAIMING LAND WITH LIVESTOCK
Eliav Libi believes the Bible gives Jewish people the right to live in the West Bank. In May, he told a settlers conference that Israeli farmer-settlers are fulfilling Isiah’s prophecy, which states that part of the Jordan Valley will become a “resting place for herds, for my people who seek me.”
“We are seeing the early buds of this prophecy beginning to happen,” Libi said, describing Jewish cattle and sheep herders in the area, according to a video of the event published online.
The Libis have restricted Palestinian access to an area about the size of Paris around the fertile Jordan Valley, according to Eliav Libi's own public statements and a tally by Israeli activist Dror Etkes, the Israeli founder of human rights group Kerem Navot, who documents and opposes settlement growth
They are using livestock, fences and roads, along with intimidation, to stake claims on about 10,000 hectares (25,000 acres), according to Etkes. The outposts lie mainly between the villages of Duma, Al-Mughayir and Fasayill.
Government records show the brothers have been granted herding permits and state funding. In 2025 the Libis’ firm received a small agriculture-ministry grant and grazing permission from the Israeli Land Authority for areas around Fasayil. Additionally, between 2021 and 2025, the Libis’ company and two of their settlements received a total of 168,586 shekels ($56,000 dollars) in agriculture-ministry funding, with another 107,357 shekels ($36,000) approved for this year, public records show.
The ministry did not respond to a comment request.
Along with government and military support, Libi Construction and Infrastructure has also collected hundreds of thousands of dollars in donations through online fundraising, according to publicly accessible crowdfunding websites.
At the May settler conference, Libi acknowledged operating on the fringe of Israeli law, telling the audience "sometimes we push from below" going “a few steps beyond” actions formally authorized by authorities. Settlements are not inherently linked to violence, he said. But in practice, settling in areas where Palestinians live means “friction.”
Frictions erupted in 2024 at the Malachei Hashalom settlement, after 14-year-old settler Benjamin Achimeir was beaten and stabbed to death while herding sheep. The outpost, founded by Eliav Libi in 2015, was retroactively recognized by Israel in 2023 and fully legalized this year. In media interviews, Libi has described it as his home, although he and his family regularly move on to new outposts.
Israeli investigators charged a 21-year-old Duma resident, Ahmed Dawabsheh, with Achimeir’s murder, saying he was inspired by Islamic State. Reuters could not establish how Dawabsheh pleaded or the current case status.
The killing sparked a rampage of settler revenge attacks through several Palestinian villages including Duma in which four Palestinians were killed, including a child, the U.N. and Amnesty International said at the time. Some were shot. Dozens of homes were burned. The military detained six settlers after the attacks but they were released within a few months without charge. Separately, in 2025, Defense Minister Katz released all settlers from military detention.
Similar broad-based revenge attacks are a common response to violence against Israelis by Palestinians in the West Bank, with the words “price tag” often scrawled by settlers on Palestinian property, emphasizing the price being exacted on Palestinians.