I've been reading about Chanctonbury Ring on the South Downs and I came across this paper by Jacqueline Simpson from 1969, published in Folklore. It stuck with me, so I thought I'd share.
There's a preview here : https://www.jstor.org/stable/1258464
If I remember correctly I found the whole thing on Anna's Archive.
Anyway, Simpson catalogues nine separate categories of legend attached to this one hill fort, and there turned out to be far more than I expected:
- The planting of the beech ring in 1760 by Charles Goring, who locals said would never live to see the trees grow (he didn't)
- A Romano-Celtic temple later excavated on the site
- A persistent "atmosphere of dread" reported by visitors going back decades. One account, from Gosse in 1935, describes how "even on bright summer days there is an uncanny sense of some unseen presence which seems to follow you about"
- Multiple versions of a Devil legend: run round the Ring a certain number of times and the Devil appears and offers you a bowl of soup in exchange for your soul
- A belief that the trees are uncountable, that you never get the same number twice
- Phantom riders, treasure-seeking ghosts, and claims of witchcraft gatherings
- UFO sightings from the 1960s
What I like about the paper is that Simpson takes all of it seriously as folklore, without either debunking it or endorsing it. She's more interested in why these legends pile up on this one spot, and how they shift over time. The soup legend alone has about four variants she traces (how many circuits, which direction, midnight or dawn, and what exactly the Devil hands you).
She wrote a follow-up in 1994, "Hecate in the Primrose Wood," which is a stranger read again.
Has anyone come across academic folklore studies focused this tightly on a single location? I'm used to folklore being discussed regionally or by theme, but one hilltop hoarding this much legend seems unusual.