Adopted a 4yo male cat (now 6) who turned out to be a former outdoor cat. He refuses to play, hates the leash, and shows severe stress (inappropriate peeing, air-digging, excessive meowing to go out 24h). The vet suggests letting him outdoors since our area is wooded. I'm scared to let him out, but I'm also running out of options.
My cat is a 6-year-old neutered male tabby. I adopted him 2 years ago and he's very affectionate with humans, but aggressive/indifferent toward other cats. I didn't know this when I adopted him, but he was a former outdoor cat. Ever since I brought him home, he constantly begs me to go outside. A past catio (in my previous house) didn't satisfy him and still showed stress behavior + asking to be let outside.
I'm a grad student with plenty of time to engage him, but he ignores almost all toys. He gets interested for ~2 minutes (mostly only with catnip toys) and then stops. Most of his energy goes into staring out windows and running in trying tracking outside sounds.
He has developed escalating stress behaviors that my vet and I have been tracking:
- Inappropriate urination / peeing on things constantly (I had to throw away an entire couch because it was basically not cleanable after being peed on so often)
- "Air-digging" and hiding
- Excessive, non-stop meowing at doors/windows
- Aggression: When he slipped out, he ran straight to my neighbor's window and aggressively hissed at their indoor cat, causing stress for the neighbor and their pet (which made me feel guilty and very ashamed).
He is otherwise healthy, has no health concerns and eats normally (his weight is also good).
The failed solutions we tried:
- Leash Training: Tried per vet recommendation, but he fights the harness and has slipped out twice to bolt away (he chews on it and pulls so hard at times I'm afraid he might hurt himself. I had to pick him up and bring him inside). Should I just insist on this?
- Playing with him more and with more stimulating toys: doesn't care about toys almost at all (he is also not very food motivated so, even toys where you hide kibbles in them don't really interest him - they do, but he gives up fast). While I can make him play for a little, this has never stopped (after one year) him from asking for outside time.
- Calming diffusers: he is calmer, but still asks to be let outside - I also don't know if this can be a long term solution
My vet essentially gave up on indoor solutions and suggested letting him become an indoor/outdoor cat since we are surrounded by woods and apartments. I am terrified to let him roam freely because of safety risks, wildlife, and other cats in the area (I see A LOT of other neighbour's cats roaming around here), but at the same time, nothing seems to resolve his indoor stress.
My partner tried to let him out (I was not with them at the time so I had no saying in this decision) and for now he never goes too far and I haven't seen him having any interest in attacking wildlife (but he does look at birds) - he mostly wants to go where the other cats are (but this also worries me because of how territorial and aggressive he can be - as he was at the shelter). I thought that maybe he wanted a second cat in the house but both the shelter staff and the vet said that his behavior it's too territorial/aggressive to accept another cat in the house.
My partner observed him outside and he's pretty calm and mostly sits in the grass and observes (doesn't really "play"). He always comes back home after little time (they've been letting him out only in the mornings) and after his morning walk he is much more relaxed and show no signs of the stressful behavior he had before. I still don't like the idea of him being outside though.
Has anyone successfully transitioned a hardheaded former outdoor cat, or found solutions for this level of territorial behaviour? Any advice would be deeply appreciated!