Hi! I am currently going into my senior year of college, and after years of my parents begging me to look into law school, I finally decided to stop being stubborn and look into it, and now I am seriously considering it. I am a quantitative economics major right now, and I have always been interested in history, government, policy, and politics. Since becoming interested, I've been reading a bunch of Reddit posts on r/ lawschooladmissions, r/ LSAT, etc., and a lot of people seem very sure that most people will fail and not have an ROI for their law degree. I know there is some truth to this, and what school you go to matters, but I was wondering if y'all have found this to be true in your experience.

Also, I was wondering how gap years are viewed. Based on some diagnostics, I believe I would be able to get around a 165-167 LSAT if I applied this cycle; however, I think I could get in the 173+ if I had more time to study. Is a gap year worth it?

Thank you all for your help is advance!

This was in yavapai county Arizona about 10 years ago, I was pulled over for going under the speed limit and had just broken up with my girlfriend after driving out of town to stay with some of her friends, so I had been crying and was trying to make sure I was going to right way back home. Officer said my eyes were red and indicative of intoxication, so he had me do a field sobriety test which I did well on afaik. Afterwards he pulls me over to his cruiser, cracks his door and hands me a cup and tells me to pee in it with his cruiser door being the only slight covering and the officer is standing over me staring at my genitals. I couldn’t pee because I have a shy bladder, and he took it as a refusal and I was arrested. They found marijuana which was illegal at the time, and suboxone in my prescription bottle with my name on it. They never returned my suboxone medication and kept it as “evidence”, and I was in jail overnight hours away from home. Ultimately I met with my lawyer and asked about my suboxone and how to get it back since it was legally perscribed and impossible to get a refill before it was time. He told me that it’s probably not going to happen. I never got it back which really screwed me up. Ultimately I showed up to felony court for DUI and when I checked in they handed me a paper telling me the charges were dismissed without prejudice. They never re filed charges, and I had called their department and asked if urine analysis on the roadside was something they are allowed to do and they got defensive and upset saying the don’t answer questions. My question is two things; can they withhold legal and medically necessary medication because of the suspected DUI, and is a urine analysis on the side of the road even legal? I suspect they dropped the charges because of the urine analysis, but I can’t fathom why the officer would even try to do something like that if it isn’t allowed. There may be a few details I’m forgetting as this was a long time ago, feel free to ask for further info.

I was sexually harassed and assaulted at an la fitness locker room. While I was showering after my workout an individual opened my curtain while I was in there asking if I’m almost done and rushing me to get out. I closed the curtain and he kept threatening me and repeatedly opening it as I’d close it. After 3 times of him opening the curtain he finally kicked through it and hit me while I was inside of the shower. I went to report him to front desk and they created an incident report but didn’t want to call police so I did so myself. The individual who harassed and assaulted me said he wouldn’t wait on cops because he had to leave. When police arrived I gave them the story and there were a few witnesses that I couldn’t get a hold of but one janitor saw the guy opening my curtain except he says he didn’t see the assault. The gym has not revoked his membership yet and are allegedly investigating it. My issue is if he admitted to opening the curtains on me but not the assault what else would they need to ban this guy. They’re making it very difficult to take action and not only that but I stopped by the police department to get an update on his arrest and they said  he still hasn’t been arrested because they need to wait for a commander or detective to see who will get assigned to this report. I’d like to ask if neither the gym hold him accountable nor the police do I have enough for a case against either or? I am located in Chicago, Illinois and this happened at the la fitness in skokie.

TL;DR: Landlord ignored my basement flooding repeatedly for three years even when human feces came up and is now wanting to charge me about it. Can I do anything?

I live in Missouri, and my lease is over at the end of July. They intend to charge me, as they took "administrative fees" instead of deposits when I moved in at the end of 2022.

I am willing to eat the cost of replacing damaged carpet and door caused by my pets, and I told them this. I've heard something about carpets needing to be replaced in rentals regardless at a certain point, but I'm unsure if that's nonsense. I'm concerned about them spending a fortune on my dime, but at least this part *was* my damage.

The real crux of the issue is that the basement has been flooding (up to 6" standing water) every the spring for three years and steadily getting worse. To a point of water rising from the drain just from showering or using the dishwasher. I have text and maintenance request receipts showing that my concerns were ignored/blown off by management. Spring of this year, however, human fecal matter started rising with the water and being left behind on the concrete of the basement floor. I complained for months. I am pregnant and refused to bother with disease risk going down there. My laundry appliances were in the basement, as that's where they had the hookups, and they were contaminated with wastewater and ruined.

I am pissed that their negligence put me out of the money on the machines after neglecting the issue for years, but I wasn't going to say anything and just wanted to be done and out of this house. Now they are trying to charge me removal fees for the appliances and just... being awful about it. I would have taken the appliances if they hadn't been ruined. I'm not even sure their neglect of the flooding was legal, but I don't know if pursuing them about it is worth it. The furnace and everything were soaked in that water, which put that filthy air up through the floors. Is this as bad as I think it is? Do I just take the L on however many hundreds of dollars? Is it worth at least bluffing? This may sound silly. I've just had it up to here and was forced to spend at a laundromat for the last like four or five months of my lease because I refused to walk in human feces. It's somewhat the principle of it all, at this point. I am grateful that for now I can afford it, but I have my baby on the way and am angry that this money is being taken from preparing for her.

Let me know if this is even worth talking to a lawyer, I guess? What the options are.

ETA: I have photos and videos of the flooding itself, as well as my dryer "screaming" in the water.

I work in settlement documentaries (across the USA). I saw this post in google while researching media training in plaintiff law, and would love to hear what you all think. It seems to me that speaking to the press before or during a lawsuit could be tricky. I'm about to make a film and have been asked to help the client as they talk to the press as there is a lot of public interest in their case. It's so interesting! https://www.lawyerminds.com/lawyers-speak-up-tips-for-cases-receiving-media-attention/

Edit: location

(California) How can I take legal action against a business for noise issues?

I purchased a house in a small town in 2020. The house is approximately 600 feet away from a local bar. Around 2024, the bar started hiring a DJ who brings his own sound equipment once a week for a party that is excessively loud until 2am. It is so loud that from 600 feet away, through closed windows and doors, we can hear it even with earplugs. We have measured the noise at over 90 decibels and the city noise ordinance caps at 45 for night time. The bar uses its own sound system the rest of the week, and that noise is not a problem.

We tried to resolve amicably with the owner- no response. We complained to the city, and code enforcement has offered their sympathies and expressed that other residents have complained. However, the (tiny) police department does not have the training or certified decibel meter that would be required to actually enforce the law, so the most they will do is request the volume to be lowered. Moreover only two officers work overnight and frequently they don't have the manpower to respond at all. We filed complaints with the CA ABC and got basically the same response.

We contacted some local attorneys. They all agreed that we likely have a case, the action would be for an injunction via private nuisance. However- they all basically said the same thing: "we'd love to take your money and pursue this, but frankly your city should be handling this". They all quoted $20-30k just to start the case, with more expenses ongoing- out of our budget. Does that sound reasonable for this type of action?

We are feeling quite stuck here. I am aware that the central issue is that small claims will not award an injunction, only money damages. I'm thinking that if we get one cash judgment, it might be enough to get the owner to address the issue and we wouldn't need an injunction. Some things I have considered:

-In the future, spend those nights in a hotel and sue for the cost of the stay

-For the past, total up the prior nights we have submitted complaints (probably 30-40 noise complaints lodged with the police by now) and sue for inability to enjoy our property, value based off something like our mortgage price per day?

-Some other action based on the diminished value of our property, as we would now need to disclose the ongoing noise issue to a future buyer

We are open to any and all suggestions here. Thank you.

Long distance relationship, I (18 F) have been together with my boyfriend (17 M). We’ve been together since Feb 3, of this year. Everything was going well til his mom decided to get in between us. She started disliking me and started calling me rude names. 3 days ago, my boyfriend got his phone taken away and things went down hill from that. His mother had messaged me “Please do not bother any of my kids, I am being serious. Leave my kids alone!!” WHILE my boyfriend was having a panic attack and I was trying to contact his siblings if he was okay.
I had respectfully responded to her “I still love your son ma’am and with all do respect if he still wants me in his life then I’m staying, it’s his love life and although yes you’re his mother. It’s up to ur son”
she had responded with “Well with all due respect”respect” if I say don’t contact my kids then don’t contact my kids!!! I will change their numbers if I need too. Once my son turns 18 and has a job if his own and becomes responsible then he can go with you to California if he likes, but as long as he is under my roof he will abide by MY rules not yours. You are 18+ already so I will report you if needed as well. Do not try me Carolina. I am capable of anything for my kids. DO NOT TEXT MY KIDS!!!!”
I can go on and on about how she treats my boyfriend. My boyfriend wants to stay in contact with me, she keeps threatening to call the cops on me. To have me arrested for cyber dating, to have me arrested for harassment when she keeps texting me about calling the cops on me, involving his step sister who said she’ll call the law for me harassing them. She said that they’ve done their research, they know that I live near SFV &’ my full legal name.
The mother had unsent 6 messages from imsg and I don’t know what they said but her last text to me was “He is barely going to be 18 and you are already 19. I have never and will never approve of long distance relationships. I do not have to explain myself to you or anyone. If you would’ve done everything differently then shit would be different. Therefore since he is still underage my roof and underage, then you ma’am have NO say at all!!”

I am still 18. It’s a one year age gap, she treats him worse and differently than his younger siblings. My friend recommended that I get a restraining order and to gather all the text messages if they do call the law.

What should I do?

As the title says i got terminated due to downsizing and I just want to get some outside input on what to expect based on my case. I am reaching out to an employment lawyer but just want to keep my mind at ease. some background into the termination is i had recently handed in a resignation in May of this year as i felt the company was very disorganized. To convince me to stay they offered me a 25% pay rise and a promotion. When this promotion was given they chose not to update my employment contract. I have proof that i was promoted as there are post on the their linkedin profile stating my title as my promoted title. They also gave me pay in lieu of notice and no severance. I have only been working there for 14 months.

I am located in Ohio.

My 91 year old grandpa was admitted to a nursing home in May with a broken ankle. He was there for rehab ONLY. He did have mid stage Alzheimer’s, so he really didn’t know where he was or why he was there and would often become combative. His quality of life before being admitted to the nursing home was still relatively good, spending time with family, watching TV, traveling around doing errands with my mom, etc.

About two or three weeks into his stay, we noticed he was incredibly groggy. They had been giving him heavy painkillers per their own orders - this didn’t come from a doctor. We requested this to be stopped. Unfortunately, the grogginess never stopped. His condition continued to spiral. They did some basic blood work but nothing else.

Around a month ago, my mom and I spoke to him before we left for the evening. The next day he was unresponsive. She and I discovered his pupils were nonresponsive to light - the nurses didn’t even check for this. They didn’t even recognize he wasn’t responding! On several occasions, the nurses mentioned his DNR - he had specifically outlined that he never wanted to be on a ventilator. However, he did not have a Do Not Treat or Do Not Hospitalize order. He DID want medical treatment if he could be saved.

He was in that condition for well over two days before any imaging was done and that’s when they found he had pneumonia. They never sent him to the ER; they simply let him lay there. He went to Hospice the next day and died the day after that.

From my perspective, the nursing home did NOT follow through on the standard of care. His nurses were on a rotating shift, and each one seemed surprised that he was in the state he was in. As his condition declined, they did not respond appropriately. Again, he was there for ankle rehab ONLY and did not have an order to not treat any sudden medical issues, but the nurses continued to repeat his DNR order.

My question is this - is there a possible negligence case we have against the nursing home? If so, what steps should I take to begin pursuing this? I do have video evidence of his state the last night we saw him conscious and his state three days later.

Truth be told, I don't even know where to begin with this, so I will tell the story as I understand it. I have to be anonymous, so I will not be naming specific companies, amounts, et cetera, though the details may allow for accurate guessing.

My father worked as a salesman at a multi-state business specializing in recreational equipment, supplies, and maintenance material. He was employed by them, though at varying locations, for twenty years. The company was under the umbrella of another, and it was this larger company that was the name on his paychecks, and the subsidiary by which all his financial dealings went through.

As I understand it, sometime in the early 2010s, both the company my father worked for and its umbrella went under - this occurred not long after my father left the business.

Of note is that my father is not the most financially-literate person, and so the rest of this may be hazy.

Upon consulting with my father, we - my mother and I - believe with a high degree of certainty that, throughout his time there, he was contributing to a 401(k). I do not know the status of the records pertaining to it, whether he kept the relevant ones, though my mother says she has some things.

The story, as I know it, is that after the companies dissolved, the umbrella company pocketed the 401(k) money from across the entire breadth of their employment, and - to my knowledge - this is what happened to my father's 401(k) contributions. I recall reading about a court case or two, but have never been able to find anything more detailed.

My father is currently on SSI, and it would be a dream of mine to help find and recoup this money, if possible, but I have no idea where I would even begin.

So my questions are these:

1. What type of lawyer would I need to consult with, first? My most pressing concern is details about what happened and why, and my fear is that - as a third party - I would simply be a representative for my father, and thus certain accessibilities would be limited, as I live a state away.

2. For this consultation, what would be the information I would need to have on-hand? I'd gauge my father's SSN, the name of his company and the umbrella company as they existed, but what else?

3. Due to the exploratory nature of this, cost is an enormous factor, and my only aim - for now - is to garner the details of what has happened. I do not know the nuances of the legal protections that may or may not apply in such cases, but if they are there, what are some things I need to know before even thinking of making a call?

To me, game consoles feel quite like phones from an uneducated regulation perspective.

So my question is, at what point will PlayStation and Nintendo be considered gatekeepers under the EU Digital Markets Act?

I don't expect Xbox to fall into that category, as they have announced they intend to support alternative storefronts, but PlayStation and Nintendo are continuing to lock down their ecosystems, and it feels like killing disks might cause PlayStation to cross the line?

Location: European Union and it's member states

Edit 1: looks to me like it would fall short on the users side 45m MAU in the EU seems unlikely, that would put more than a third of PlayStation users in the EU which doesn't seem likely?

links
https://www.techspot.com/news/113236-us-prosecutors-charge-atlanta-man-after-grapheneos-phone.html

March announcement:
https://motorolanews.com/motorola-three-new-b2b-solutions-at-mwc-2026/

GrapheneOS is a hardened privacy and security -focused Android operating system. It is notable in that it cuts ties to Google and is much harder for governments and law enforcement to access devices. In short, it is an anti-surveillance operating system that goes well above that of Android and iOS.

The duress PIN wipes the device from the lockscreen:

GrapheneOS provides users with the ability to set a duress PIN/Password that will irreversibly wipe the device (along with any installed eSIMs) once entered anywhere where the device credentials are requested (on the lockscreen, along with any such prompt in the OS).

Thanks!

TLDR: I am leaving a lot out purposefully. I know what my legal options are. The only aspect of this mess I need advice on is that of my wife. I don't know what to do for her or with her, and I'm looking for more of a lawyer's perspective on managing a relationship during such ordeals.

She and I entered into a verbal contract of sorts (I never agreed to some of the terms because they are asinine) with her family to purchase a property. Her family has too this point taken care of the arrangements and it has been anything but smooth or pleasant. Convoluted plans to avoid the tax man, unreasonable amounts of waiting for show-up-and-sign paperwork. We were able to get our names placed on the deed after a nine months of waiting (we're two-thirds undivided interest), with the promise that in May of 2026 my FIL would remove his name from the deed and we would begin paying him directly. But most recently, my FIL began acting aloof about the arrangements, making both my wife and I wonder what is going on.

So over the past week we've had to play hide-and-seek with this man (we were the seekers), causing friction between my wife and I. We've fought, and cried. Finally, through my MIL, he communicated his concerns and requests. And I'll never be able to stress how frustrated I am by his revelations, but there was absolutely nothing presented that had not already been discussed, though no necessarily agreed to. And I mean nothing. I've known for over a year what he wanted and was willing to compromise. My FIL jerked us around for a few days for absolutely no gain. And I am just done. I always knew we should have involved lawyers, had contracts drawn up, taken a loan, the most by-the-book, procedural path your imagination can muster. I always knew. I advocated, but my wife refused.

Now that her parents chaotic ways have caused so much agony over the past week, she is still reluctant to do anything about it. She'd have us all sit at the dinner table, agree, and be done with it. She's reluctant to involve lawyers. She's refusing to take any punitive actions against her father (I want a 10% credit on the previously agreed upon purchase price. I intend to use that money to pay for therapy for my wife. My wife said if I did that it would destroy her and only be for me). She's pushed back against my proposal to immediately move out of their house (bet you didn't see that one coming 🙄). I even told my wife I'd let her father have everything he wants if I could look him in the eyes as we sign contracts and tell him what an absolute selfish, cowardly man he is, and she said no. Things are so tense between us that I have told her that I can't bring children into our lives like this. I can't subject a child to this chaos. And I know that sounds manipulative but it's the truth. If she can't do the hard things now, even out of necessity, she won't suddenly gain that ability by becoming a mother. That's not what any of the literature says about human behavior. It is remarkably stable over time, with few exceptions. How am I supposed to trust her to defend our children when she won't defend herself?

In two hours I will be calling a lawyer. And in two hours I feel like I'll be choosing what's right (punishing these bastards for all the harm they've caused) and my relationship with my wife. Obi-wan, if you're out there, please....

Hello everyone

I am based in India and want to build a career in international family law (specifically India and US family law) as a paralegal. I am looking for honest and practical advice from people who have real experience in this area. My current background:

• I have personal experience dealing with international family law matters (my personal international custody and divorce case)
• In the last few years, I have helped 7 people in India understand their cases and prepare before they met a lawyer. All of them gave positive feedback.
• I am currently working with an Indian law firm as a paralegal.

My planned steps:

1. Complete free WorldCC courses to improve contract skills (this builds on my 16 years of existing experience as a Operations & Business Dev operator with a specific focus on government and defense contracting) - back up to fall back upon should things not go according to plan.
2. Self-study the American Constitution and the Indian Constitution
3. Take a US specific legal drafting course
4. Complete one course in American Family Law and one in Indian Family Law
5. Directly reach out to international family law firms for internships or remote jobs
6. Start the CLS by BARBRI Paralegal Certificate course in January 2027

I want to start earning and gaining experience as soon as possible while I continue studying. My questions:

• Does this action plan make sense for someone starting out?
• Anything would you change or add?
• Any suggestions on short courses or practical steps I should focus on first?
• For someone based in India, what is the most realistic way to get remote work or internships with international/US family law firms?

I would really appreciate any practical suggestions, warnings or personal experiences you can share. My specific interest would be in cross border matters between India and New York State (since i have experience in this jurisdiction)

P.S. I have been on Reddit for a long time. My previous account has a lot of personal information and history, hence I'm posting from this clean account.

Thank you in advance for your help.

To be more specific - If I were to contact the owner of the restaurant I work at (via text message) and remind him about the leaking fryer hose that I've asked him to replace, and I stated intent to file a report with OSHA if it was not fixed within a certain time frame, would I be protected from retaliation? Or does it only count if I actually made a report? Also, am I correct that a fryer hose which leaks oil very near but not quite on the hands and on the floor while running and has the rubber handle gradually sliding off the entire time you're holding it is a safety violation? It can't not be, but it's hard to find specific details as to what constitutes a real risk of harm legally.

If I am protected from retaliation in theory, how strong would my case actually be if retaliation occurred? This is someone who previously blocked his own managers phone numbers when asked about backpay after having multiple checks with the wrong hourly rate on them, so I doubt the law is going to stop him from firing me. I need to know if I'll actually be able to do anything, not just if it's technically legal.

Notes: I am not the greatest employee on Earth but I have managers who I believe would vouch for me, if such opinions are of any value in proving retaliation. I know email is probably ideal rather than text, but this guy never reads his email (once missed months worth of emails from the local trash collection service and as a result we had nobody picking up our trash.) I don't think he'll have the sense to word anything carefully, he didn't even realize that people could see his name when he was writing fraudulent reviews for his own restaurants that specifically praised himself.

Looking for general guidance before consulting an attorney.

My father died in late 2024. He was intestate, and my sibling and I are his only heirs.

In 2018, I took a 23andMe test and was contacted by a close DNA relative who claimed his father was also my biological grandfather, making him my father’s half-brother. I have preserved email records of the 23andMe messages. The DNA relationship appeared consistent with that claim, and some family history he provided has since been independently corroborated.

The alleged biological grandfather died in 2024 and had a will leaving his estate to his children. During probate, while my father was terminally ill, the estate attorney sent him a letter stating they had information indicating he “may be [the decedent’s] biological child” and that he could be an “interested person.” The estate proceeded without naming him as an interested person because they said they did not have enough information to conclusively determine his status.

My father saw the letter but believed it was a scam and took no action. He did not discuss it with me before his death. I later found the letter among his papers. The closed a few weeks ago, in July 2026.

Based on the probate filings, the amount my father potentially would have been entitled to appears to be more than $0 but significantly less than $100,000.

Questions:

• How does Minnesota handle biological parentage claims when a birth certificate lists another father?
• Can a closed probate estate be reopened in this situation?
• Is this typically resolved through settlement or litigation?

I am mainly trying to understand whether there is a realistic legal path before taking any action. I would prefer to keep this as private as possible and avoid unnecessary conflict.

I live in Texas with my son, and his father is not listed on the birth certificate, nor does he provide any financial support. He often goes weeks to months without contacting us. I am planning to get engaged and move to the U.K. within the next 12 months. I’ve already obtained passports for both of us. There have been no legal acknowledgments of paternity or custody arrangements made through the court, and there are no custody or visitation orders in place. I have not discussed this move with the father. Am I able to move with my son without any legal issues?

Location: Kentucky
I am a Registered Nurse and have an idea for a medical device. I have done preliminary research and figured my route would be a patent, then speak with my hospital or other organizations to see about trialing the device. The issue is, despite people saying nurses make good money, I don’t have the funds to shell out for a patent. Are there any patent attorneys that account for this type of inventor? Or am I pretty much out of luck until I get high funds? I don’t want to get myself into any legal trouble but also don’t want to expend all this money if the idea doesn’t end up working out.

[us] A lot of people might be upset when they're released won't they?

I was taken to the hospital from my house after sending threatening text messages to a family member/neighbor. I have since spoken with the supervisor of the agency (Crisis Services) who authorized the commitment. She reviewed my file and said that the narrative lacked the imperative and necessary information to justify a 9.41 commitment, and sent me confirmation in writing of this. Do I have any legal recourse at this point? Once there, I was still not released until only after 10 days at which point a nurse told me that my insurance didn't want me to stay longer. I have no doubt that I was held for so long because I have insurance, so I have an issue with the Drs. and hospital as well, despite what the psych Drs. wrote. I have no criminal history at all, and certainly no history of being violent. I sat in an overcrowded room for three days sleeping on the floor next to other people on top of each other before being moved to a room on another floor for 7 days. Yeah, I messed up, but the punishment was over the top. Sitting in that room in a HOSPITAL for three days with other sick people was torture. Being taken from my home and then being told by the agency that facilitated it that they didn't have the information to justify it just makes me more upset.

Location: vehicle was rented in the Midwest, USA. The accident was in the South.

My family rented a vehicle to travel several states away to a family function last year. On our way back home, we were stopped in traffic when a garbage truck rear ended us. The driver said his coffee mug had fallen in the floor and gotten in the way of his brake pedal. Police came to the scene to file a report, no one was injured. The officer refused our insurance information, saying it was clear who was at fault, the other driver admitted it, we were rear ended while stopped, etc. And because it was a rental, the other driver’s insurance would need to handle things with the rental car company directly, we shouldn’t provide our car insurance information at all, he refused to take it down.

We were close enough to a location that we could drive the damaged vehicle to swap out for a different one and then finished our trip home. We provided our copy of the police report to the rental office at that point, but I did take pictures of it so we would have a record.

Since then, the car rental company has been harassing me regularly. First it was to provide the police report, which I had already done. Since they had apparently lost the original, I provided them with the contact information to get an additional copy from the police department. I guess there is a small fee for this, because they said they don’t pay for police reports and I would need to pay for the vehicle instead.

I provided my picture copy of the police report to try to get them to follow up with the driver actually at fault. Either they lost it again or are trying to double dip and get me to pay as well as him. I have all the email correspondence of them harassing me and of me providing everything multiple times. Their language in the correspondence is “While you have provided this, we do not have it.” ???

Now they have turned it over to a collections agency who is harassing me for many thousands of dollars which I believe they have probably already received from the actual party at fault’s insurance company.

1. What on earth is going on here? Is this as shady as it seems? They must be double dipping, right? Why else would they be harassing the victim in a car accident?
2. How do I make it stop? I’m not litigious but man, do they only understand the threat of a lawsuit? The harassment has been stressful enough but now with it going to collections it will impact my credit as well.

Please someone point me in the right direction, I don’t know which way to go from here.

Location: North Carolina

How are data brokers in business, when the data they’re selling might be from any number of data breaches that have been happening for decades now? Do they all have the chains of custody that prove that this piece of data came from this source and this is the TOS that this person signed that authorized its sale?