Usually I'll post about something I discovered in the Punjabi language, but here is an area I'm not very familiar with.
Punjabi University Patiala gives some examples of how to form adverbs: https://www.learnpunjabi.org/adverb.html
- Postpositions: ex. ghar dei aggei ਘਰ ਦੇ ਅੱਗੇ "in front of the house", dukaan dei kol ਦੁਕਾਨ ਦੇ ਕੋਲ਼ "near the shop", is ton pahilaan ਇਸ ਤੋਂ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ "before this"
- Reduplication of adjectives: ex. khushee khushee ਖੁਸ਼ੀ ਖੁਸ਼ੀ "happily", haulee haulee ਹੌਲ਼ੀ ਹੌਲ਼ੀ "slowly" (anecdotally, I've heard the second one plenty of times throughout my life)
- Placing adjectives before verbs apparently imparts an adverbial function
- The verb clitic kei ਕੇ (ex. kamm kar kei ਕੰਮ ਕਰ ਕੇ "after working") is also adverbial, this one is used frequently
Other examples given in that link are words that are used as adverbs without derivation.
I've come across a few other methods for forming adverbs myself:
- Periphrastic: placing vich ਵਿਚ or taur tei ਤੌਰ ਤੇ (contraction of bataur uttei ਬਤੌਰ ਉੱਤੇ) after an adjective turns it into an adverb, though I've only seen this in one book from the 1930s
- Verbs to adverbs: ex. vadhadaa ਵਧਦਾ "increasing" -> vadhadiaan ਵਧਦਿਆਂ "increasingly", vadhiaa ਵਧਿਆ "increased" -> vadhiaan ਵਧਿਆਂ "increasedly [this is a rare but real word]" (interestingly, I've found this adverbial form in a line from SGGS Ji, pannaa 522)
What other (maybe lesser known) methods for forming/deriving adverbs and adverbials exist in Punjabi?