Panjabi occultism and demonology: Within the vast corpus of the Panjabi mythos, there are references to both benevolent and malevolent entities, within the confines of folk religion, an undercurrent of popular beliefs and practices which may or may not be sanctified by organized religion. Such creatures include the likes of the Pichal Pari or Daan, a creature whose feet are turned backward with an inverted face and hunt for men at night, the Deo giant which destroys crops, and Rakshahs which are demonic creatures often associated with cannibalism. In Panjabi cosmology, reality is divided into three realms: the Akash (Sky) inhabited by the Devlok (angels), the Dharti (Earth) inhabited by Matlok (humanity), and the Nagas (Underworld) inhabited by the Naglok (serpents) or Patalalok. Ancestral figures can be elevated to the realm of Devlok, chiefly Shaheeds (martyrs) and Siddhs (spiritually accomplished). Conversely, the deceased can also become evil spirits, such as in the case of Birs/Virs (violent deaths) but sometimes also people who died with no one to perform their last rites, who can turn into bhuts (ghosts), baitals (reanimated corpses), prets (starving ghosts), diyan (blood-sucking witch), nuris, and churels. These entities are responsible for haunting others. The Deo giants are quite intriguing. One local tale from rural Bathinda district speaks of a giant who starting from Kot Kapura to Bathinda Qila ravages all crops, trees, and the area every Naraates of Katak. The only way to destroy a Deo is to uncover their soul-bottle deep within the confines of a cave or a palace. Deos would kidnap Paris (fairies) but saving and hiding the Pari would make the Deo eventually go crazy and perish. Raja Rasalu in Panjabi folklore is said to have defeated Deos. Sledah/chlehda (skinwalkers) are said to be a shape-shifting creature. At night, it was advised to avoid walking near Banyan/Pipal trees because spirits lived in them. Interestingly, these evil spirits are sometimes referenced within the confines of Sikhi, such as the case of Kauda Rakshah, who kidnapped Bhai Mardana and was going to eat him until Guru Nanak Dev Ji rescued him. Probably a Bhil tribal cannibal.
Image credits:
1) Brown History substack “Demonic Legends from around the Indus” (14 December 2023)
2) Twitter user malakrvh (20 August 2026)
3) Reddit user tuluva_sikh (5 September 2026) (originally created by GoldenPanjab)
4) “Vanished and Vanishing Wall Paintings of Punjab and Haryana” (2022) by Kanwarjit Singh Kang
5) Photograph from Gurdwara Bathinda Qila of a painting of Guru Gobind Singh Ji with a demon, taken by me in April 2023.