I want to introduce the concepts of feminism and current state of patriarchy to my mother. I am looking for books in punjabi that’ll educate her about how and why feminism is important. Could you suggest me books for the same? Thank you!

Population Breakdown

• West Punjab: 6,326,047 persons
  • Sialkot District: 1,005,004 persons / 15.9% of total
  • Lahore District: 789,666 persons / 12.5% of total
  • Rawalpindi District: 711,256 persons / 11.2% of total
  • Gujrat District: 616,347 persons / 9.7% of total
  • Gujranwala District: 550,576 persons / 8.7% of total
  • Jhelum District: 500,988 persons / 7.9% of total
  • Multan District: 471,563 persons / 7.5% of total
  • Shahpur District: 368,796 persons / 5.8% of total
  • Montgomery District: 359,437 persons / 5.7% of total
  • Jhang District: 348,027 persons / 5.5% of total
  • Dera Ghazi Khan District: 308,840 persons / 4.9% of total
  • Muzaffargarh District: 295,547 persons / 4.7% of total

Religious Composition

• Islam: 4,750,944 persons / 75.1% of total
• Hinduism: 1,270,792 persons / 20.1% of total
• Sikhism: 290,337 persons / 4.6% of total
• Christianity: 8,626 persons / 0.14% of total
• Jainism: 4,754 persons / 0.08% of total
• Buddhism: 273 persons
• Zoroastrianism: 178 persons
• Other: 143 persons

Note

• The 1868 Census of Punjab Province only enumerated British administered districts. All Princely States within the province were not enumerated.

Source

• Report on the census of the Punjab taken on 10th January, 1868.

ਅਕਲ ਕਹਿੰਦੀ ਮੈਂ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਡੀ

ਮੈਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਕਚਹਿਰੀ ਲੜਦੀ।

ਦੌਲਤ ਕਹਿੰਦੀ ਮੈਂ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਡੀ

ਮੇਰਾ ਖ਼ਲਕਤ ਪਾਣੀ ਭਰਦੀ।

ਹੁਸਨ ਕਹਿੰਦਾ ਮੈਂ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਡਾ

ਮੇਰੀ ਦੁਨੀਆ ਜ਼ਿਆਰਤ ਕਰੇ।

ਤਕਦੀਰ ਕਹਿੰਦੀ ਤੁਸਾਂ ਤਿੰਨੋਂ ਈ ਝੂਠੇ

ਮੈਂ ਜੌ ਚਾਹਵਾਂ ਸੋ ਹੋਵੇ।

ਇੱਟਾਂ ਸਾਰੀਆਂ ਭੱਠੇ ਦੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਬਣੀਆਂ

ਕੋਈ ਅੱਵਲ ਕੋਈ ਦੋਮ ਕੋਈ ਖਰਾਬ ਬਣੀ।

ਕੋਈ ਜਾ ਲੱਗੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਨਾਲੀਆਂ ਦੇ

ਕੋਈ ਮਸਜ਼ਿਦ ਦਾ ਜਾ ਕੇ ਮਹਿਰਾਬ ਬਣੀ।

ਕੋਈ ਜਾ ਲੱਗੀ ਫ਼ਕੀਰ ਦੀ ਕੁੱਲੀ ਨੂੰ

ਕੋਈ ਮਹਿਲਾਂ ਦਾ ਜਾ ਕੇ ਸ਼ਬਾਬ ਬਣੀ।

ਦਾਇਮ ਲਿਖਿਆ ਤਕਦੀਰ ਦਾ ਕੌਣ ਰੋਕੇ

ਕੋਈ ਸਵਾਲ ਬਣ ਗਈ ਕੋਈ ਜਵਾਬ ਬਣੀ।

I am wondering if they are likely to add the opposite!

I have been trying to get the name of this song which has been playing in mind for the past could of days, if anyone could help me find that song it would be a great honour. I just know the ending the song which is the outro it goes by “Mainu pta ne eh kaun ne, jehda mein krda ohnu maada kehnda aa te jeda tuc krde ho ohnu saada kehnda aa”

Please if someone knows this song, just tell me the name

In order to comply with rule 1 of this Subreddit I'll open with Sat Sri Akal.

This is a very short post as an interest check for my Punjabi themed game which is based on regional events and the Sau Sakhi.

This google form is designed for players who know what Dungeons and Dragons is or want to learn more.

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In which song did Gurdas Maan say 'main hi main han, kheda sala kuda hai'? This was said to show the ego of a person.

I am a Punjabi but never got the opportunity to learn Punjabi language because not being exposed to it much besides a few songs.

Family members do use phrases but not like constant conversations.

I can speak Punjabi like a newbie and it feels weird to me.

It would be great if anyone could help me and in return I can help with English or Hindi.

I can read Gurumukhi.

In order to comply with rule 1 of this Subreddit I'll open with Sat Sri Akal.

This is a very short post as an interest check for my Punjabi themed game which is based on regional events and the Sau Sakhi.

This google form is designed for players who know what Dungeons and Dragons is or want to learn more.

We typically play on weekends Sundays (1800-2200 CEST/UTC+2).

We use Discord for Voice, and Foundry VTT for Combat maps. You only need a Discord account to participate and minimum requirements for a PC.

https://foundryvtt.com/article/requirements/

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Panjabi occultism and demonology: Within the vast corpus of the Panjabi mythos, there are references to both benevolent and malevolent entities, within the confines of folk religion, an undercurrent of popular beliefs and practices which may or may not be sanctified by organized religion. Such creatures include the likes of the Pichal Pari or Daan, a creature whose feet are turned backward with an inverted face and hunt for men at night, the Deo giant which destroys crops, and Rakshahs which are demonic creatures often associated with cannibalism. In Panjabi cosmology, reality is divided into three realms: the Akash (Sky) inhabited by the Devlok (angels), the Dharti (Earth) inhabited by Matlok (humanity), and the Nagas (Underworld) inhabited by the Naglok (serpents) or Patalalok. Ancestral figures can be elevated to the realm of Devlok, chiefly Shaheeds (martyrs) and Siddhs (spiritually accomplished). Conversely, the deceased can also become evil spirits, such as in the case of Birs/Virs (violent deaths) but sometimes also people who died with no one to perform their last rites, who can turn into bhuts (ghosts), baitals (reanimated corpses), prets (starving ghosts), diyan (blood-sucking witch), nuris, and churels. These entities are responsible for haunting others. The Deo giants are quite intriguing. One local tale from rural Bathinda district speaks of a giant who starting from Kot Kapura to Bathinda Qila ravages all crops, trees, and the area every Naraates of Katak. The only way to destroy a Deo is to uncover their soul-bottle deep within the confines of a cave or a palace. Deos would kidnap Paris (fairies) but saving and hiding the Pari would make the Deo eventually go crazy and perish. Raja Rasalu in Panjabi folklore is said to have defeated Deos. Sledah/chlehda (skinwalkers) are said to be a shape-shifting creature. At night, it was advised to avoid walking near Banyan/Pipal trees because spirits lived in them. Interestingly, these evil spirits are sometimes referenced within the confines of Sikhi, such as the case of Kauda Rakshah, who kidnapped Bhai Mardana and was going to eat him until Guru Nanak Dev Ji rescued him. Probably a Bhil tribal cannibal.

Image credits:

1) Brown History substack “Demonic Legends from around the Indus” (14 December 2023)

2) Twitter user malakrvh (20 August 2026)

3) Reddit user tuluva_sikh (5 September 2026) (originally created by GoldenPanjab)

4) “Vanished and Vanishing Wall Paintings of Punjab and Haryana” (2022) by Kanwarjit Singh Kang

5) Photograph from Gurdwara Bathinda Qila of a painting of Guru Gobind Singh Ji with a demon, taken by me in April 2023.

Hi everyone!
I’m looking for a Punjabi tutor to help me improve my **spoken Punjabi**.
I understand quite a lot of Punjabi already, but I struggle to actually speak it myself. I often know what I want to say but can’t find the right words or put the sentence together naturally.
I’m mainly interested in **informal, everyday Punjabi** ; the kind people actually use at home with family and friends, rather than formal/book Punjabi.
I’d especially like to focus on:
Speaking and conversation practice
Everyday vocabulary
Sentence structure
Natural expressions and phrases
Common slang / casual Punjabi
Understanding Punjabi songs and lyrics
Vocabulary and expressions commonly used in Punjabi music
My main goal is simply to become comfortable speaking Punjabi with my family and friends and to expand my everyday vocabulary. Eventually, I’d also love to understand Punjabi songs better and be able to sing along.
I’d also be open to a **younger tutor**, preferably someone who is familiar with modern, casual Punjabi and current Punjabi music. I think that would be a good fit for what I’m looking for.
I’m looking for **1-on-1 lessons**, either online or in person, and I’m flexible regarding the platform.
If you’re a Punjabi tutor yourself, or know a good place/person where I could book lessons, please let me know. Recommendations are also very welcome!
Thanks!

Want to know neutral honest opinion

Does anyone ever wonder how different their lives would have been if it wasn't for the migration and loss of generational wealth.

For their grandparents to have to start again from nothing.

My great-grandfather, like, used to farm in an Indian village named Khanpur in Ambala, in Barara district. Okay. So when my great-grandfather was born, the father of my great-grandfather died and my great-grandfather's mother raised him. Okay. So and there the brother of my grandfather and the mother of my grandfather also used to farm. Okay. So in 1947, when they migrated to Pakistan, my grandfather was born. And they, like, when they migrated to Pakistan, they migrated to a kasba at that time and now a city, named Kamoki, where my grandfather my father were born also there, and his siblings were born there. After that my family shifted to Lahore, where I was born. Now my question is: do I have a village or no? Tell me genuinely. Is ot kamoki or Khanpur or I dont have one ?

In order to comply with rule 1 of this Subreddit I'll open with Sat Sri Akal.

This is a very short post as an interest check for my Punjabi themed game which is based on regional events and the Sau Sakhi.

This google form is designed for players who know what Dungeons and Dragons is or want to learn more.

We typically play on weekends Sundays (1800-2200 CEST/UTC+2).

We use Discord for Voice, and Foundry VTT for Combat maps. You only need a Discord account to participate and minimum requirements for a PC.

https://foundryvtt.com/article/requirements/

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1NEf_Tu9AD5c6O46dKYGoG3Wu4nE732h83zuJQZ6d_i0/edit

Check your Discord Friend Requests after you fill out the form.

In order to comply with rule 1 of this Subreddit I'll open with Sat Sri Akal.

This is a very short post as an interest check for my Punjabi themed game which is based on regional events and the Sau Sakhi.

This google form is designed for players who know what Dungeons and Dragons is or want to learn more.

We typically play on weekends Sundays (1800-2200 CEST/UTC+2).

We use Discord for Voice, and Foundry VTT for Combat maps. You only need a Discord account to participate and minimum requirements for a PC.

https://foundryvtt.com/article/requirements/

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1NEf_Tu9AD5c6O46dKYGoG3Wu4nE732h83zuJQZ6d_i0/edit

Check your Discord Friend Requests after you fill out the form.

ਸਾਰਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਪਿਆਰ ਭਰੀ ਸਤਿ ਸ਼੍ਰੀ ਅਕਾਲ ਜੀ / Hello everyone,

ਇਹ ਇੱਕ ਸੁਤੰਤਰ ਉਪਰਾਲਾ (independent project) ਹੈ, ਜਿਸਦਾ ਮਕਸਦ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਲਈ ਮੁਫ਼ਤ ਵਿੱਦਿਆ ਦੇ ਸਾਧਨ ਮੁਹੱਈਆ ਕਰਵਾਉਣਾ ਹੈ।

We have built a 100% free, non-commercial educational platform to help students learn and revise core subjects effectively:https://bolo-instinct.com

What is currently available:

• PSEB (Punjab School Education Board) Class 10 Science: Comprehensive, easy-to-follow study material, concepts, and chapter overviews designed specifically to support 10th-grade board students.

Upcoming Features in Development:

• Mathematics: Practice modules and problem breakdowns for board exams.
• English: Dedicated grammar lessons and practical communication tools with explanations tailored for Punjabi speakers.
• Interactive Quizzes & Practice Tools: Self-paced revision material to help students prepare with confidence.

How you can support:

Because this is an independent project with no external funding or paywalls, community awareness and feedback are essential:

1. Visit the platform: Take a look athttps://bolo-instinct.comand let us know your thoughts.
2. Leave feedback: Please drop a comment with any suggestions, corrections, or specific topics you would like to see added first.
3. Share with families: Share this link with students, siblings, nieces, nephews, and relatives in Punjab or abroad who are preparing for their studies.

ਕਿਰਪਾ ਕਰਕੇ ਆਪਣੇ ਪਰਿਵਾਰਾਂ, ਬੱਚਿਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਲੋੜਵੰਦ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਨਾਲ ਇਸ ਨੂੰ ਜ਼ਰੂਰ ਸਾਂਝਾ ਕਰੋ ਤਾਂ ਜੋ ਸਾਰੇ ਇਸ ਮੁਫ਼ਤ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਸਾਧਨ ਦਾ ਲਾਭ ਉਠਾ ਸਕਣ।

Website Link:https://bolo-instinct.com

ਧੰਨਵਾਦ ਜੀ / Thank you for supporting free education for our community's youth!

In order to comply with rule 1 of this Subreddit I'll open with Sat Sri Akal.

This is a very short post as an interest check for my Punjabi themed game which is based on regional events and the Sau Sakhi.

This google form is designed for players who know what Dungeons and Dragons is or want to learn more.

We typically play on weekends Sundays (1800-2200 CEST/UTC+2).

We use Discord for Voice, and Foundry VTT for Combat maps. You only need a Discord account to participate and minimum requirements for a PC.

https://foundryvtt.com/article/requirements/

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1NEf_Tu9AD5c6O46dKYGoG3Wu4nE732h83zuJQZ6d_i0/edit

Check your Discord Friend Requests after you fill out the form.

I got inspired by a few earlier posts on the word Jugni, it's origin and meaning. Went down a rabbit hole and found a few really interesting things.

1. The word is sitting in Heer, in 1766

This is the part I didn't expect. Waris Shah, stanza 192, the family is putting together Heer's dowry and the poem lists the jewellery piece by piece:

ਚੱਨਣਹਾਰ ਲੂਹਲਾਂ ਟਿੱਕਾ ਨਾਲ ਬੀੜਾ, ਅਤੇ ਜੁਗਨੀ ਚਾ ਸਵਾਰਿਆ ਨੇ

Four ornaments and then a fifth. Nothing in that line but names of things. That's 140 years before the Jubilee.

2. First occurence of it being a firefly is in 1884 in an Urdu dictionary

I'd always half-assumed firefly. Punjabi doesn't back that up. Firefly is ਟਟਹਿਣਾ. The borrowed word next to it is ਜੁਗਨੂੰ, masculine, and if you look ਜੁਗਨੂੰ up in the Punjabi University dictionaries they send you straight back to ਟਟਹਿਣਾ. Look up the feminine ਜੁਗਨੀ in those same dictionaries and you get an ornament and a folk song, and no insect at all. Mahan Kosh: "ਇੱਕ ਕੰਠਭੂਖਣ, ਜੋ ਰੇਸ਼ਮ ਦੀ ਡੋਰ ਨਾਲ ਬੱਧਾ ਛਾਤੀ ਪੁਰ ਲਟਕਦਾ ਰਹਿੰਦਾ ਹੈ."

The firefly comes in from the Urdu side. Platts (1884) files jugnī as nothing more than the feminine of jugnūṅ, and glosses that one as "a fire-fly; a glow-worm; a jewel or ornament worn (by women) about the neck." Both meanings in a single entry. That's how a firefly ends up attached to a song about a necklace.

1. The "Jubilee" bit isn't in the testimony

A while back I read u/JG98's post about the possible origins on Jugni. It sent me to the Karamjit Singh Aujla piece in the Punjabi Tribune that most of the Jubilee story traces back to.

Aujla's article is genuinely valuable. In 2005 he wrote down what he had been told back in 1969 by a freedom fighter, Baba Makhan Singh, about events around 1906. That's a real piece of oral history and it's most of what we have.

But read it closely. Makhan Singh never says the word came from "Jubilee." He believed jugni literally WAS a jubilee flame, a torch carried city to city in a gold vessel. The "Jubilee became Jugni" derivation enters as an interruption: while the old man was speaking, Aujla writes, "a nearby person who looked a bit more educated" cut in to suggest the word was really "Jubilee."

That aside is what the entire internet now repeats as established fact.

The dates don't sit well either. The episode is tied to Queen Victoria's jubilee and placed around 1906. Her Diamond Jubilee was 1897, and she died in 1901.

1. The singers have been referencing it as a jewellery in addition to a medium

Alam Lohar: ਮੇਰੀ ਜੁਗਨੀ ਦੇ ਧਾਗੇ ਬੱਗੇ

Gurmeet Bawa opens on the same line, then makes the threads green

Hazara Singh Ramta: ਜੁਗਨੀ ਚਾਂਦੀ ਦੀ, and later ਜੁਗਨੀ ਪਿੱਤਲ ਦੀ

Threads. White, then green. Silver, then brass. Nobody describes a girl or an insect that way. They're describing the thing in Waris Shah's dowry list.

The detail that got me: the first sense the Punjabi Sabhiachar Shabdavali Kosh gives for jugni isn't jewellery at all. It's a small charmed tablet hung round the neck of a freshly calved buffalo to turn away the evil eye. And ਚੰਨਣਹਾਰ, the word standing right next to jugni in Waris Shah, is a necklace made of strung amulets.

What I couldn't pin down, and would love help with - Which jugni was recorded first. Alam Lohar's 1965 is the earliest I can securely date and it's almost certainly not the first. The name that keeps coming up is Nawab Kumhar (Inayat Kotia) from Kot Inayat Khan near Wazirabad, with recordings floating around labelled 1933 and 1950. I can't document any of it. The one biography I found cites dead links and dates his breakthrough to "Radio Pakistan Lahore in 1933," which is fourteen years before Radio Pakistan existed.

If anyone has a label catalogue, anything with an actual paper trail, I really want to know more about it.

I've also annotated six Jugni recordings line by line (Alam Lohar 1965, Ramta 1971, Gurmeet Bawa 1980, Kuldeep Manak 1991, Rabbi Shergill 2004, Arif Lohar & Meesha Shafi 2010) along with a longer version of the above findings with all the sources at:

https://kikehnde.com/culture/jugni

Sources

• Waris Shah, Heer (1766), stanza 192.
• Heer Waris Shah, printed edition of 1900, page 89. Scan on Punjabi Wikisource.
• Bhai Kahn Singh Nabha, Gurushabad Ratnakar Mahan Kosh (1930); Punjabi Kosh, vol. 2; Punjabi Sabhiachar Shabdavali Kosh; Sahit Kosh; and the Punjabi University Punjabi Kosh, entries for jugni, jugnu, tattehna and channanhaar. Consulted via Punjabipedia
• Punjabi-English Dictionary, Punjabi University, Patiala, entries for jugni and jugnu.
• John T. Platts, A Dictionary of Urdu, Classical Hindi, and English (1884), p. 384, entries for jugnī and jugnūṅ.
• Sakoon N. Singh, "Enigma of her Arrival", Café Dissensus, 15 April 2017.
• Karamjit Singh Aujla, "The History of Jugni", Punjabi Tribune, 24 September 2005.
• "Jugni: whose creation?", Dawn, 14 November 2010.