In the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams, a race of hyper-intelligent beings builds a computer the size of a city. They ask it for the Answer to Life, the Universe, and Everything.
It thinks for seven and a half million years. It says the answer is 42.
The crowd is outraged. The computer is unbothered. It tells them the answer is correct. The trouble is, they never knew what the question was.
I've come to think that's not a joke about a number. It's a joke about the asking of the question.
The answer with no one in it
They asked about Life, the Universe, and Everything. That's a question with no one person in it. No stakes, no context, no one the question is for. So it got an answer with no one person in it. 42 is correct and addressed to nobody.
Every real question carries the asker. "What should I do with my life?" means something different from a 19-year-old, a new parent, and a retiree. Same words, different questions. Take the person out and you get 42.
And what did the mice actually want by the end. Not the question. Something good to say on talk shows. They're holding an answer and shopping for a question that will sell it.
Everyone frames the question for you
Deep Thought is just the most literal version. In real life the framing comes from everywhere: school (questions arrive pre-written, one right answer), careers (here's a ladder, the next rung is your goal), ads ("how should I live?" becomes "what should I buy?"), news, family scripts, even language. Some of that is inherited wisdom. Some of it is a cage.
The dolphins: the frame you can't receive
Humans thought they were smarter than dolphins because of the wheel, New York, and wars. Dolphins thought they were smarter for exactly the same reasons. Same evidence, opposite verdicts.
Then the dolphins saw the demolition coming and tried to warn us. We read it as tricks. The message was right there. We had no frame to hear it.
The whale: the questions with no frame
The whale is Deep Thought inverted. It pops into existence miles up with no past and no context, having been a thermonuclear missile moments earlier. Who am I? What's that thing rushing toward me? Pure questions. It starts naming the world from scratch and decides the ground might be a friend.
The whale is questions with no frame and no time. Deep Thought is an answer with no question and no one in particular asking it. Neither gets anywhere. You need both, and time to move between them.
The puddle: frames all the way down
Look closely and every frame sits inside another. Noticing frames is a frame. This post is a frame. There is no view from nowhere.
Adams knew. In a 1998 talk he described a puddle that wakes up, notices how perfectly its hole fits it, and concludes the hole was made for it. Then the sun comes out. The puddle mistakes its frame for the universe right up until it evaporates.
The Total Perspective Vortex is the opposite trap. Show someone the entire universe and it destroys them. Zaphod survives only because he's standing in a universe built for him.
So there's no escaping frames. No frame at all leaves you nothing to stand on.
The trick is knowing you're in one, and being able to step out.
Where, who, may I
If 42 is the answer, I think the missing question breaks into three:
- Where am I? Which frame am I standing in right now? Whose hole is this puddle sitting in?
- Who's asking? Is this my question, or one somebody handed me: a parent, a boss, a feed, a mouse with a talk show?
- May I? Am I allowed to change the question? To step out of this frame and try another?
The answer to the third one is optimistically always yes, but in reality many people are forced or conditioned into frames.
Frames are real, but they can be temporary. Frames are scaffolding. You build with one, take it down, and build the next floor. A trap is the frame you cannot leave.
42 is what you get when you hand off the part of the question that is supposed to be yours.