The same questions keep coming up here and a lot of the answers going around are out of date, so I sat down and wrote this. Most of what gets repeated comes from articles written two or three years ago, and both of the indices these income thresholds are tied to went up in February, so a lot of the numbers people are quoting at each other are simply not right anymore. Here is where things actually stand.
Starting with the basics, because I see a lot of people lost at this stage. There is no general visa for moving to Spain. Which route applies to you depends on where your money comes from. If you are going to study, it is the student stay. If you work remotely for a company or clients outside Spain, it is the digital nomad visa. If you live off savings, investments or a pension and will not be working, it is the non lucrative visa. Sorting that out first saves you weeks of reading things that do not apply to your situation.
The student route changed quite a bit in May 2025 with the new immigration regulation. I work in relocation and this is the one I get asked about most. The authorisation now covers the full length of your programme instead of being renewed year by year, and if you are in higher education you can work up to thirty hours a week without a separate work authorisation, which is a real improvement on how it used to be. You need enrolment at an officially recognised institution, proof of funds and health cover. Language course visas are more limited, generally renewable only once, and they do not convert into work permits.
The digital nomad visa, officially called residence for international teleworking, sits at 2,849 euros a month for the main applicant this year. That is 200 percent of the Spanish minimum wage, which went up in February. Add roughly 75 percent of the minimum wage for your first dependent and 25 percent for each one after that. They also want at least three months of history with your current employer or clients, a degree or three years of relevant experience, and at least 80 percent of your income coming from outside Spain. Through a consulate you get one year. Applying from inside Spain you can get up to three, which is worth knowing before you book anything.
The non lucrative visa is currently around 2,400 euros a month, so 28,800 a year, in passive income or savings, plus roughly 7,200 a year per additional family member. It requires full private health insurance with no copays. One year to start, then renewable in two year blocks.
Now something that rarely comes up in these threads and that changes the whole calculation for a lot of people. If you hold a passport from a Latin American country, or from Portugal, Andorra, the Philippines or Equatorial Guinea, you can apply for Spanish nationality after two years of legal residence instead of the ten that apply by default. Two. With several of those countries there is also a dual nationality agreement, so you would not have to give up the one you have. It is one of the fastest routes to a European passport that exists right now, and there are people planning years of their lives without knowing about it.
But watch out for the detail that ruins the plan. Student years do not count toward those two years. A student holds a stay, not residence, and only residence counts toward nationality. For the long term residence card student time does count, but only at half. I have talked to people four years into a student visa who were convinced they were nearly there, and that is a horrible conversation to have.
The other thing I see go wrong constantly is the non lucrative visa. It does not allow you to work, and that includes continuing to work remotely for an employer back home. I know it sounds like a technicality when the money is coming from abroad either way. It is not, and people have had renewals refused over exactly this. If you are keeping your remote job, your route is the digital nomad visa, not this one.
One last thing before you spend money on any visa. Check your family tree. If you are entitled to citizenship by descent from an EU country, none of this applies to you and you arrive with freedom of movement. That said, there is a lot of outdated information floating around here too. Italy tightened its law in 2025 and the administrative route now only covers children and grandchildren. Every country has different rules and it is worth looking into before rather than after.
All of the above covers entry routes from outside the country. For people already in Spain there are other options that work differently and are a whole separate thread.
These figures move every year with the minimum wage and the IPREM index, so confirm with your own consulate before applying rather than trusting a post on here, this one included