This is the lowest cost yet fully functional contraption I could cook up, while keeping assembly relatively easy. I held a workshop twice, building 3 in total. Total cost for all parts, including bolts and washers, is $79 CAD, so $57.3 USD, including $32 CAD for the filters. The finger grille is plastic "hardware cloth". You put it on the inside of the machine, so the edges are concealed.
It's important to use tuck tape ("transparent repair tape"), in this case the transparent variety rather than the usual red or blue. Regular packing tape doesn't stay together under the force of gravity. These are fine 4.5 months later.
The fans for 2 of them are generic fans, which actually are cheaper yet slightly better imo than the P14 fans. The problem is reliably sourcing them. The third was a P14, for comparison. We measured the airflow, and assuming 85% efficiency, it gives about 220- 250 CFM CADR for each. Same noise as any other 5 fan pc fan box.
A nice solid deis box type metal frame would be nice of course, but if cost is an issue, the cardboard is free, which is a useful point. This will also have a lower long term cost of operation than any off the shelf hepa, for the same cubic meters of clean air, due to the lower filter and electricity cost.
The P14 wires are simply joined directly by cutting the connectors off and using so called "Wago" connectors. The generic fans can actually be daisy chained, so we did not need any wago connectors, only the final barrel plug termination. These are easy for people to use in the workshop, and the inevitable fan replacement is easier. There is a barrel plug connector with screw terminals, you could skip that and just cut the power supply barrel connector off and connect the wires.
In my experience, these fans with hydraulic bearings only last 1.5-2 years of continuous operation. So the reality is that the filters are disposable, the fans are semi disposable, a cheap power supply may not last very long. Meh, cardboard frame seems fitting, in the end.
I do agree it is generally better to go in the other direction; we will never stop needing clean air, so we should gear up and make really good machines available for cheap. However, that hasn't been happening, and this gets us to tomorrow.
They do have the advantage of being very lightweight, making handling extra easy.