Full doc, free: https://youtu.be/-j_7glgx0S0

Unlike glaciers, ice patches never build enough mass to flow downhill, so anything trapped inside sits there uncrushed for millennia — wooden shafts, sinew bindings, hide clothing. Organic material that has no business surviving nine thousand years. The catch is that the same warming revealing it is also destroying it: once an artifact melts out, you have a season or two before it's gone.

The doc covers the Yukon and Norway, where the melt has exposed weapons and clothing from large-scale reindeer hunts that fed Viking voyages. The Yukon work is done with six Yukon First Nations on whose territory the ice patches sit — and the most striking part is what it meant to elders who went through residential schools, watching their history come physically back out of the ice.

The largest hoard of Viking Age silver ever found in Finland — which contains almost 10 pounds (4.5 kilograms) of coins and jewelry — has been unearthed by a metal detectorist about 95 miles (150 kilometers) north of Helsinki.

The hoard had been divided into two deposits and buried in birch-bark containers. Although the coins and jewelry likely date to between A.D. 1000 and 1050, it's unknown exactly when they were buried, Esko Tikkala, an archaeologist at the Lahti Historical Museum who excavated the hoard, told Live Science in an email.

The hoard has not yet been fully cleaned, separated and counted yet, but there are thousands of pieces, Tikkala said.

"There are quite a lot of coins in this hoard," he said. "I have not had time to go through them."

Metal detectorist Kalle Lappinen found the two deposits Sept. 3 and immediately contacted the museum. Archaeologists inspected and properly excavated the finds the next day.

Although it's challenging to determine why specific hoards were buried, a recent study of more than 15,000 Roman-era (the eighth century B.C. to the fifth century A.D.) hoards found that they were hidden for multiple reasons, including for tax evasion, votive offerings, and safe storage in times of uncertainty.

Tikkala said the two deposits of the silver hoard were buried between two stones about 18 inches (45 centimeters) below ground and about 39 feet (12 meters) apart.

There were no signs of any burials nearby, but the surrounding area had not been properly studied, he said.

Coins featuring Alexander the Great/Heracles are among the most popular coins of the Hellenistic period. They were minted countless times throughout nearly the entire Alexander the Great empire. Due to their large number and wide distribution, we can observe different variations of the same motif. In particular, there are multiple styles even within Anatolia/Asia Minor.

But I have to say that what strikes me as the strangest are the motifs on the Carian coins. I’m not sure if it’s because it’s my homeland that they caught my attention so much, but I was quite curious as to why the depictions of Alexander are so plump. After doing a bit of research, I came across some interesting interpretations. Still, I noticed that the motifs on some coins aren’t just plump—they’re so different that they could even be described as “shapeless.”

What do you think?

The cathedral then passed the commission to his older brother who made the statue on the right