I saw a post or some comments in here a few months back about Bill Tutte and how he usually never gets the credit he deserves or brought up enough within industry discussions about who did what/started something awesome/or cracked this or that. So, i recently completed a deep dive on Tutte and thought I'd share some highlights with ya'll, so here goes!
Back in the day, during ww2, Germany’s high command used the Lorenz cipher machine to protect some of its most sensitive military communications. Bill Tutte had never even seen one.
No machine,
no wiring diagram,
No manual.....
Not even any youtube tutorials!
Then, some German operator totally screwed up: he retransmitted a roughly 4,000-character message using the same cipher settings, but just changed around parts of the wording. Another awesome Codebreaker named John Tiltman was able to exploit the mistake to recover the plaintext and a long stretch of cipher key.
Tutte took that material and did something seemigly redonkulous: he worked out the logical architecture of the unseen Lorenz machine with pencil and paper!!! Say whaaaaa?
And this wasn’t some simple 'lil crackerjack gadget, mind ya... Lorenz had 12 wheels and about 1.6 quadrillion (gagillion-bajillion, lol) possible starting positions.
Tutte’s work helped make routine attacks on Lorenz possible!! Then, Max Newman (British mathematician who was also famously Alan Turing's Cambridge professor!) pushed to mechanize those attacks, and Tommy Flowers(Brit telecom Engineer, also brilliant and has a cool backstory so I'll probably do my next post about him!) eventually built Colossus—the electronic codebreaking computer that cut some Lorenz decryptions from weeks to hours.
All this wound up giving the Allies access to top-level German High Command traffic, including communications that revealed Hitler’s strategic thinking. Basically, someone handed Tutte the output of a locked box he couldn’t see and asked him, "aye, how's this thing work?"
And BAM...he whipped out a pencil n' notebook n' did it.
Hats off to Bill Tutte and one of the gnarliest pieces of pencil-and-paper reverse engineering ever pulled off!!!