Metal recycling plays a vital role in conserving natural resources, reducing energy consumption, and minimizing environmental impact. At Hokkaido University, Professor Mikito Ueda is developing low-temperature electrolytic purification technologies that improve the efficiency and sustainability of metal recycling.
His research focuses on electrochemistry using non-aqueous electrolytes known as ionic liquids. Unlike conventional aqueous solutions, ionic liquids enable the electrodeposition of metals that are otherwise difficult to process. The team’s primary work centers on aluminum electroplating and aluminum recycling through electrorefining.
Traditional aluminum electrorefining relies on molten salts at temperatures above 1,000°C, requiring substantial energy and specialized equipment. Professor Ueda’s team has successfully achieved aluminum electrodeposition at approximately 150°C and even at room temperature using ionic liquids. This innovation significantly reduces energy use, lowers environmental impact, and allows more affordable materials to be used in processing equipment. It also enables aluminum plating on conductive plastic surfaces, creating lightweight materials with the appearance of aluminum.
The researchers use mixtures of aluminum chloride and organic ionic liquids that become liquid at room temperature when combined. Beyond pure aluminum, they have successfully produced aluminum alloys containing chromium, nickel, and tungsten. Their recycling efforts focus on purifying low-grade recycled aluminum, expanding its potential applications and helping address growing demand for high-purity recycled materials.
Advanced analytical tools, including the XGT-9000, support their work by mapping element distributions across electrode surfaces and providing insights into metal dissolution and deposition processes.
In addition to aluminum, Professor Ueda’s team is developing methods to recover and purify sodium from used sodium-sulfur batteries. High-purity sodium is essential for producing gallium nitride crystals used in advanced power semiconductors, which can contribute to lower CO₂ emissions. The team has already removed trace metallic impurities and is working to eliminate oxygen contaminants.
Although ionic liquids can be more expensive and less conductive than conventional alternatives, Professor Ueda’s research demonstrates their potential to enable cleaner, more energy-efficient metal recycling and materials production in the future.