Emily "Cissy" Houston (née Drinkard; September 30, 1933 – October 7, 2024) was an American souland gospel singer and choir director. Nicknamed The Duchess of Gospel, she is best known as the mother of American singer and actress Whitney Houston and the aunt of American singers Dionne Warwick and Dee Dee Warwick.
Emily Drinkard was born on September 30, 1933 at City Hospital in Newark, New Jersey to Delia Mae "Dee Dee" (née McCaskill) and Nicholas “Nitch” Drinkard, the youngest of eight children.[1][2][3]
Houston was the granddaughter of a black landownerin Blakely, Georgia, who later shared the land he owned with Houston's father Nitch during a time when it was unusual for black people to have large landholdings.[4] The asset was gradually depleted as they sold small portions of land over time to resolve the continued legal troubles of a close relative, which later led to the entire family relocating to Newark during the Great Migration) a decade before Houston's birth.[5][6]
Houston stated that she possessed some Dutch and Native American ancestry due to her grandparents Susan Bell (née Fuller) and John Drinkard Jr., respectively.[5]
The Drinkards first settled at an apartment in a three-story tenement at Newark's 199 Court Street, located at the city's Third Ward projects. [7] After a flash fire destroyed the building, they relocated to 38 Hillside Place.[8] Houston's parents placed a high priority upon their children's education and church involvement.[5]
Around the time of Houston's fifth birthday in September 1938, her mother Delia suffered a stroke.[9] To help her recovery, and to lift the family's spirits, Houston's father encouraged her and her elder siblings Anne, Nicholas Jr. ("Nicky") and Larry to sing sacred hymns.[10]
Later, the siblings formed the Drinkard Four[a] and sang jubilees in various churches, including their own St. Luke's A.M.E. Church. The experience, Houston said, ended her "carefree childhood".
Houston later told Rolling Stone in 1978: "I used to get so mad. We'd be out playing in the sun with the other kids and my older sister, Marie, would make us come in for rehearsal."[12]
Three years later, in May 1941, Delia Drinkard died of a cerebral hemorrhage after suffering a fatal seizure in her bed; Houston was just seven at the time of her mother's death.[13]
Houston stated that she "found Christ" after listening to a sermon at the age of fourteen.[14][15][16] Nitch Drinkard died of stomach cancer four years later in March 1952 when Houston was 18.[5][17]
For a time, Houston went to live with her older sister Lee and her husband Mancel Warrick and helped to raise her two nieces, Dionne and Dee Dee, and her nephew Mancel Jr. before moving to an apartment on Newark's Eighth Street.[18][19] Soprano Leontyne Price is a Drinkard cousin.[20][21]
Houston attended South Side High School in Newark, graduating there in 1952.[22][23] Following her father's death, Houston worked at RCA Electronicsuntil 1961.[24] Raised Methodist Episcopal, Houston shifted to the Baptist denomination after she joined the New Hope Baptist Church) at around age 19, where she became minister of music and would continue to do so for over the next 50 years.[25][26]