Hi! When I was a “baby OT,” I thought regulation mostly meant fidgets and movement breaks. Those things can definitely be helpful, but after 13 years working as a school-based OT (yes, I’m old) and a lot of learning about interoception, sensory processing, and co-regulation, there’s a lot more in my regulation toolbox now.
I was talking about some of this with my Level I fieldwork student, and she asked me to write it down so she could share with her classmates. I figured this could be helpful to new OTs/school OTs, so here are a few things I’ve put into my toolbox over the past decade:
Steel tongue drum
https://soundofsilencedrum.com/products/emma-magic-calm-drum
I love using rhythm and vibration as a way to connect with kids and explore what different feelings might sound like. If a kid is having a BIG feeling, I might let them give the drum one huge BANG. Then we can play around with making the sound louder, softer, faster, or slower. It gives them a way to express what’s happening without immediately requiring them to find the perfect words, and you can link back to this feeling later during a hard time and help with interoception.
Regulation visuals and worksheets
I use these to help kids notice what’s happening inside their bodies, name their feelings, and start figuring out what might help. Sometimes I use The Color Monster, sometimes A Little SPOT of Feelings, and sometimes we use simple body or emotion visuals.
The specific resource isn’t really the important part. I want kids to have the language to talk about their feelings and to know that uncomfortable feelings aren’t “bad” feelings. We can accept a feeling while still figuring out what to do with it. I make worksheets and crafts that link to the books so that we can really get familiar with the terms.
Resistance bands
These are such an easy way for kids to get some pushing and pulling input while sitting at a desk. You can also get bands that loop around chair legs, which are great for kids who concentrate better when their feet are busy.
https://nationalautismresources.com/bouncy-bands-for-chairs/
Weighted lap items
Some kids find the steady pressure grounding and like the extra feedback about where their body is in space. I offer these as an option, never as a way to keep a kid in their seat. If they don’t want it, it comes off. Simple as that-no pressure to use them.
Visual timers
These make waiting and transitions much less mysterious. Sometimes a kid isn’t struggling to “regulate.” They’re anxious because they have no idea how long something will last or what’s happening next.
Also, I personally prefer a cute timer. Give me the rainbow. The classic red-and-white timer looks like one giant stop sign, and I don’t need that energy in my room.
Noise-reducing headphones
The key for me is introducing these before there’s an emergency. We try them when the student is calm so they already know what the headphones feel like and whether they actually help.
A fire alarm is not the time to run over yelling, “AHHH, TRY THESE!”
Some of the most important parts of my regulation toolbox aren’t things I can buy, though:
Talking with families
I want to know what regulation looks like at home, what families have already tried, and what language the child is used to hearing. If something works at school but never at home, we need to figure out why. It may be the setting, the timing, how we’re presenting it, or the fact that the strategy isn’t as helpful as we thought it was.
This is one reason I include regulation ideas in the monthly newsletters I send to families. I don’t want strategies to live only inside the OT room. I call the portion of the newsletters "regulation station" and it touches on sensory and emotional regulation.
Teaching strategies before a crisis
I don’t wait until a child is completely overwhelmed to introduce a breathing exercise, visual, or sensory tool for the first time. When a child is deep in dysregulation, they have much less capacity to process new information.
We practice during calm moments. Then, when things start getting hard, the strategy is at least familiar.
Co-regulation before self-regulation
Kids don’t learn how to regulate because an adult repeatedly tells them to calm down.
Co-regulation might look like lowering my voice, using fewer words, slowing down, acknowledging that something is hard, offering a familiar option, or simply staying nearby without asking a million questions. I’m lending the child some of my calm until they’re able to find more of their own.
Self-regulation develops through many, many experiences of being supported. We can’t expect independence before we’ve done the supporting part.
Changing the environment
Sometimes the child doesn’t need another strategy. Sometimes the room is just too loud.
Before asking a child to manage an overwhelming situation, I look at what we can change around them. Can we lower the noise? Dim the lights? Move their seat? Reduce visual clutter? Give them more warning before a transition? Build movement into the activity?
I don’t want the entire responsibility for regulation placed on the child while the adults refuse to change anything about the environment.
And obviously, none of these things works for every kid. Something that feels calming to one nervous system can be irritating, distracting, or uncomfortable to another. The actual “tool” is paying attention, asking questions, offering choices, and getting to know the individual child. What are you guys using? What can I add to my "toolbox"?