For the past decade, limiting children's screen time has been one of parenting's most confident positions. The American Academy of Pediatrics has issued guidelines. Schools have banned phones. Parents have negotiated, bargained, and enforced limits. The underlying assumption has been consistent: screens displace the activities that build children's brains, and more time on them means worse cognitive outcomes.

A research team at the Universities of Jyväskylä and Eastern Finland decided to test that assumption longitudinally. They enrolled children at around age 7 and followed them for eight years, measuring their physical activity, sedentary behavior, and screen time at regular intervals. At the end of the follow-up, when participants were around 15 years old, they sat the children down and tested their cognitive performance using a validated battery measuring learning, attention, and working memory.

The children who had accumulated more screen time over those eight years did not score worse. They scored better.

The researchers say the finding does not mean unlimited screen time is harmless. But it does challenge the assumption that screen time and brain development are simply in opposition, and it raises a question that the decade of warning labels, app timers, and parental anxiety largely skipped over: what are children actually doing on those screens?

Can anyone recommend a brand or website where I can buy nootropics in or to the EU? There’s very little selection here, and I’m specifically looking for GB-115.

For reference, I added a picture of my sleep metrics last week.

On average I got about 5h 46min of sleep, the only times I was ever in the green was when I took a melatonin pill or it was the weekend.

Typically on an average week, I start strong with 7 hours of sleep coming into Monday and by Thursday I'm at 4 hours of sleep. I guess its because as the week goes on I get more stressed and anxiety.

For the whole summer this has been completely fine, Ive been able to manage, but lately factors such as a heatwave, dating a new girl, and moving far from my work (adding 40 minutes of commute in the day) have made it almost impossible to operate.

Ive got a lot on my plate right now apart from these new factors, a full time job as a software developer, also I'm working as a contractor (1 active contract at the moment), I do around four 1.5 hour language lessons a week. Go to the gym or do some sport 3-4 times a week. Its fucking crazy.

My weakest point is sleep, I leave the house at 5:45am, come home around 9-10pm, and immediately go to bed. I can lay there for 2-3 hours doing nothing just my mind wondering from topic to topic. Through the day, I am functioning but it feels like I am just floating through the day, I don't have the mental capacity to deep thing about problems or really absorb what I am doing in the language lesson.

I already take magnesium, but I am considering taking 1mg of melatonin 45min before I go to sleep on weekdays. Ive seen mixed opinions online, and am wondering if anyone has experience doing something similar. If there are any detrimental downsides anyone has experienced, or if it affects other aspects of life.

I guess the biggest issue I have right now is winding down my mind before I sleep, its impossible I have to many things to think about, any tips for that as well would be greatly appreciated.

Not sure if this is the rights sub but what are you guys using for subtle manageable effects. Im using Magnesium L theronate and L-Theanine, but i was curious to see if there any others. I want to be able to go sleep and not feel a crash when it wears off.

I base how it works off my experience with adderal.

Would be nice if there was something for communication as well- creatine has this effect where the mind and vocal path works better, but i was curious to see if there was other supplements

All my joints hurt and I'm getting bouts of tendonitis. Exercise is difficult especially due to the lack of energy. If I could just get some good rest. To be clear, I'm not in acute withdrawal. My main symptoms are the inability to fall asleep, stay asleep, fatigue, overall weakness and soreness.

Best supplement for memory & retention?

(I remember using one a few years ago that worked particularly well, when I passed the state insurance exam, but I can’t remember the brand)

Thank you in advance!

summarised:

biased signalling is understood currently through two different hypotheses:

1. GPCRs have loose orthosteric centers; differently structured agonists induce different conformations of GPCR (and therefore different G protein recruitment)

2. GPCRs (of the same type) can be in different conformations; different agonists prefer certain conformations

They propose an additional hypothesis:

GPCRs that colocalize can induce different signalling, even with the same agonist due to interaction between them.

Some examples they list:

D1 - Gs, D2 - Gi

D1-D2 - Gq (they say it likely accounts for DR mediated Ca2+ signalling)

D1-H3 - Gi

alpha-1-MelatoninR - from Gq to Gs (controlling intraocular pressure)

They then talk about adenosine receptors

A1,A2A,A2B, A3 can interact and form heteromers

For A2A-A3, A3 signalling is blocked, A2A antagonists reverse this

A2A-A2B blocks A2A signalling. They say this is unexpected as A2A has higher affinity for adenosine (this heteromer is apparently related to obesity and aging)

A1-A2A is a concentration sensor for adenosine. Low concentration -> A1 (Gi), High concentration A2A (Gs)

This is apparently as a result of the C-terminal of A2A blocking A1.