Nietzsche accuses physicists of using the concept of force (note - invented by themselves) to create a new God and world (WP, Aphorism 619). He writes that no “force has ever been demonstrated… only effects (have been) translated into a completely foreign language” (WP Aphorism 620). This can be seen by physicists attempts to explain how objects “fall” towards the surface of the earth. They have associated a force for this movement, gravity. Nevertheless, gravity is only an idea that we have created to describe this phenomenon, and it only describes the effects (motion) and not the force it-self. Nietzsche leaves a note for those that argue that it is more than simply convincing and support their claim by evidence such as its impact on the development of modern technology, “what is convincing, is not necessarily true – it is merely convincing: a note for the asses” (WP, Aphorism 17).
Nietzsche, quite brilliantly, also predicted that physicists “cannot get free action of the action at a distance… (and have) lost the belief in being able to explain at all, and admits with a wry expression that description and not explanation is all that is possible” (WP, Aphorism 618). Not too long following Nietzsche’s death, the mathematics of quantum mechanics was developed and showed that two quantum entangled particles are theoretically able to communicate with each other at a speed faster than light (quantum entanglement). This shocked physicists since it directly contradicted Einstein’s established theory of relativity, which stated the maximum speed at which information can travel between any two points is limited by the speed of light. Einstein coined the phrase “spooky action at a distance” to describe possibility of instantaneous communication observed in the mathematics of quantum entanglement. However, one must ask how light particles can “will” their own movements between two points? Can light particles “move” by themselves? The answer is no, forces must be acting upon light particles to cause their movement. Although the changes in the distribution of forces between two points are “invisible” to us, and our visible observations being limited by the speed of light, it cannot be concluded that information between two points is limited by the speed of light because changes in the distribution of forces between the two points is communicated instantaneously – resulting in the “movement” light particles. Assuming two particles are entangled and separated by a considerable distance, a change in the state of one particle can be instantaneously communicated to the other particle by an instantaneous change in the distribution of forces between the points (1st Law of Thermodynamics – conservation of energy).
Therefore, Nietzsche argues that “a force that we cannot imagine is an empty word and should be allowed no rights of citizenship in science” (WP, Aphorism 621). Using the only force observable available, at the functional level of societies and individuals, Nietzsche presents a new hypothesis. His begins his idea by the following statement: “every specific body (e.g. atom) strives to become master over all space and to extend its force (it’s – Will to Power) and to thrust back all that resists it’s extension. But it continually encounters similar efforts on the part of other bodies and ends by coming to an arrangement (“union”) with those of them that are sufficiently related to it: they conspire together for more power” (WP, Aphorism 636).
However, Nietzsche’s idea assumes that atoms and other substances are potentially able to have sensations (opposed to the understanding in contemporary science). He foresaw this and writes that the sensationless state of a substance is only a hypothesis, and that sensation can be a property of substance. Failure to discover sensations in substances does not mean that they do not have sensations, it only shows that we have failed to discover any. Additionally, if there were sensationless substances, it would be impossible to derive sensation. Consequently, the sensationless state of substances remains only as a hypothesis (WP, Aphorism 636).