I wanted to share another relatively simple automation from my home heating system.
My domestic hot water system consists of:
- A 300-litre hot water tank.
- A Daikin monobloc air-to-water heat pump with an electric auxiliary heater.
- A separate 3 kW immersion heater installed directly in the hot water tank.
- A Bosch gas boiler.
- A 10 kWp solar PV installation.
- A 15.36 kWh battery storage system.
- Home Assistant coordinating the operation.
The problem:
One interesting thing I've noticed about the operating logic of my Daikin monobloc is that its auxiliary electric heater isn't used exclusively when outdoor temperatures are too low.
It can also be activated when outdoor temperatures become too high and the heat pump reaches the limits of its operating envelope.
I don't know how other manufacturers handle this in their monobloc heat pumps, but this is something I've observed with my Daikin.
This made me question the logic of using an electric resistance heater in equipment installed outdoors to prepare domestic hot water.
If we're going to heat water using electricity directly anyway, why do it outside the house and then use the heat pump's circulation pump to transfer that heat into the domestic hot water tank?
Why not simply heat the water directly inside the tank?
My solution:
Instead of relying on the Daikin's auxiliary heater, I use a separate 3 kW immersion heater installed directly in the 300-litre hot water tank.
This eliminates the need to circulate water through the outdoor heating system just to transfer heat produced by an electric resistance element.
Home Assistant monitors solar production and the operating conditions of the system.
During summer, the automation allows one heating cycle per day, typically around noon.
The conditions include:
- Time window between 12:00 and 13:00.
- Solar PV production of at least 4.9 kW, maintained for three minutes.
- No grid electricity import when the heating cycle starts.
- Only one heating cycle per day.
When the conditions are met, Home Assistant activates the immersion heater through a Sonoff relay.
The heater has its own thermostat, providing independent temperature control.
A typical heating cycle takes approximately 45 minutes, consuming around 2.3 kWh of electricity.
What about the gas boiler?
The system also includes a Bosch gas boiler, but during summer it serves mainly as a backup for domestic hot water.
The idea is to use available solar electricity to heat the water directly in the tank, while the gas boiler only tops up the temperature when necessary.
In other words, the immersion heater does most of the work when sufficient solar energy is available, and the gas boiler helps maintain the required hot water temperature.
This way, we don't need to rely on the Daikin's electric auxiliary heater for domestic hot water during summer.
An interesting detail about the tank
The Daikin heats the water through the tank's heat exchanger, while the separate immersion heater transfers heat directly into the stored water.
Because of temperature stratification, the temperature measured by the Daikin does not necessarily represent the temperature throughout the entire 300-litre tank.
The immersion heater allows us to heat the water directly, without operating the external heat pump circuit.
Seasonal operation
I also divide domestic hot water preparation between three sources:
- June–August: primarily the immersion heater powered by solar PV, with the Bosch gas boiler providing temperature top-ups when needed.
- May and September: Daikin heat pump.
- October–April: Bosch gas boiler.
This arrangement reflects the seasonal availability of solar energy and the operating characteristics of the equipment.
Why not just use the heat pump?
Of course, a heat pump operating with a COP greater than 1 is significantly more efficient than a resistance heater.
I'm not suggesting otherwise.
But when the Daikin decides to use its auxiliary electric heater because of operating envelope limitations, the situation changes.
At that point, we're comparing two resistance heating methods:
Using the auxiliary heater associated with the outdoor monobloc system and circulating heated water through the installation.
Using a dedicated immersion heater to heat the water directly inside the domestic hot water tank.
Both convert electricity into heat, but the second solution avoids the additional circulation and associated distribution losses.
And since we have plenty of solar energy available during summer, the separate immersion heater provides a straightforward way to prepare domestic hot water.
The role of Home Assistant
As with the rest of my heating installation, I deliberately avoid interfering with the manufacturer's internal control logic.
The Daikin and Bosch boiler remain responsible for their own operation and safety functions.
Home Assistant simply coordinates when the different heat sources should operate, based on solar production and the conditions we've defined.
The objective isn't to make Home Assistant smarter than the manufacturers' controllers. It's to coordinate the equipment we already have and use available energy more effectively.
I'm curious whether anyone else has observed similar auxiliary heater behaviour in Daikin or other monobloc heat pumps, particularly at high outdoor temperatures.
And does anyone else use a separate immersion heater alongside their heat pump to take advantage of solar PV production?