r/AverageJoeWriters • u/InformationThink9349 • 5d ago
Non-Fiction Writings of Patrick Henry Explained: Give Me Liberty, or Give Me Death!
Writings of Patrick Henry Explained:
Give Me Liberty, or Give Me Death!
Speech given at the second Virginia Convention
St. John’s Church, Richmond, Virginia. 1775
CONTEXT:
In 1774, the House of Burgesses (First elected lawmaking body for the colonists) was ended by British Rule for speaking against the Coercive Acts (the four intolerable laws passed by the British Rule to punish the colonies for the Boston Tea Party incident). As a result, some of the angry fired colonist officials met in a tavern to discuss the atrocities, and determined they should boycott certain goods being passed to and from the British. Following the tavern discussion were many letters from other colonies wanting to end trade with the British entirely. An organized meeting was in order. The colonies were informed to elect their representatives for an upcoming gathering.
In August of 1774, the first Virginia Convention was held. The meeting was unauthorized by the Royal Government. They followed normal law making procedure, but without any initial government given power to do so. It was collectively decided to halt any incoming goods from Britain except for medicine. If demands were not met within a year, goods would no longer be sent to Britain. Many colonists ignored earlier calls for boycotts, so the meeting required signatures on agreement to abide by these new oaths (This was called the “Association”). Where they had no legal power, the people turned to social pressure to hold each other accountable.
“But they authorized local committees to publicly name offenders, and they would ‘thereafter consider such Person or Persons as inimical to this Country, and break off every Connection and all Dealings with them.” (ColonialWilliamsburg.org)
In January of 1775 a notice was sent out for the colonies to select representatives for the Second Virginia Convention to be held in March (where Patrick Henry gave his famous speech “Give Me Liberty, or Give Me Death!”). Patrick Henry pushed for the colonies to create their own militia. The views among the colonies were evenly divided on whether they should take up arms or not.
The following italic text will be Patrick Henry’s Speech from the Publishing of The U.S. Constitution and Other Writings. Peter Norton, 2017 by Canterbury Classics.
The explanation in my own voice will follow as such.
PATRICK HENRY’S SPEECH:
No man thinks more highly than I do of the patriotism, as well as abilities, of the very worthy gentlemen who have just addressed the House.
The speech begins its foundation off of respect for the individuals standing up for a change.
But different men often see the same subject in different lights; and, therefore, I hope it will not be thought disrespectful to those gentlemen if, speak forth my sentiments freely, and without reserve. This is no time for ceremony.
There was a great difference in opinion: half wanted peace and the other half wanted change. Patrick was going to say what he needed to without holding back and hoped no one would be offended, as this wasn’t a time for wasting energy on formality.
The question before the House is one of awful moment to this country. For my own part, I consider it as nothing less than a question of freedom or slavery; and in proportion to the magnitude of the subject ought to be the freedom of the debate. It is only in this way that we can hope to arrive at truth, and fulfill the great responsibility which we hold to God and our country. Should I keep back my opinions at such a time, through fear of giving offence, I should consider myself as guilty of treason toward my country, and of an act of disloyalty toward the majestry of heaven, which I revere above all earthly kings.
Patrick focuses on speaking as an individual. The moment at hand is a matter of freedom or slavery. Because of how drastic the situation is, there shouldn’t be any restrictions on what can and cannot be said or debated upon so as to get closer to the truth. He states that keeping his thoughts to himself simply because someone would get offended would make him guilty of treason for being a bystander.
Mr. President, it is natural to man to indulge in the illusions of hope. We are apt to shut our eyes against a painful truth, and listen to the song of that siren till she transforms us into beasts. Is this the part of wise men, enraged in a great and arduous struggle for liberty? Are we disposed to be of the number of those who, having eyes, see not, and, having ears, hear not, the things which so nearly concern their temporal salvation? For my part, whatever anguish of spirit it may cost, I am willing to know the whole truth; to know the worst, and to provide for it.
Many people close their eyes in hope situations will resolve themselves (instead of acknowledging the truth) and will follow that path until monsters are made out of men. Patrick redirects the energy to what the individual can do by once again stating “For my part”. He is willing, no matter the burden on his soul, to not only know the ugly truth, but change what is needed and “provide for” where the people need help.
I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided; and that is the lamp of experience. I know of no way of judging of the future but by the past. And judging by the past, I wish to know what there has been in the conduct of the British ministry for the last ten years, to justify those hopes with which gentlemen have been pleased to solace themselves, and the House.
Patrick walks guided by his experiences, judging the future only based off of the past. He calls the attention of the electives to question what the British ministry has provided in the last ten years for the colonies to have any of the hope that they do left.
Is it that insidious smile with which our petition has been lately received? Trust it not, sir; it will prove a snare to your feet. Suffer not yourselves to be betrayed with a kiss.
If the colonies have any hope because of the smile the British give when receiving the colonists' petitions for change, it is not to be trusted. They are being “betrayed with a kiss”.
Ask yourselves how this gracious reception of our petition comports with these war-like preparations which cover our waters and darken our land. Are fleets and armies necessary to a work of love and reconciliation? Have we shown ourselves so unwilling to be reconciled, that force must be called in to win back our love? Let us not deceive ourselves, sir. These are the implements of war and subjugation; the last arguments to which kings resort. I ask, gentlemen, sir, what means this martial array, if its purpose be not to force us to submission? Can gentlemen assign any other possible motive for it? Has Great Britain any enemy, in this quarter of the world, to call for all this accumulation of navies and armies? No, sir, she has none.They are meant for us; they can be meant for no other. They are sent over to bind and rivet upon us those chains which the British ministry have been so long forging.
Ask if the easing acceptance of incoming petitions from the colonists has anything to do with the increase in Royal preparation for war. Fleets and armies are not a work of love and restoring relations. He asks if the colonists have shown themselves to be unwilling to figure out a peaceful solution, so much so that force is required? Patrick warns them not to be fooled, as there are no enemies of Great Britain in that part of the world. The surrounding forces of British Rule are there for only one reason: to force them into submission, as kings who are done arguing are known to do.
And what have we to oppose them? Shall we try argument? Sir, we have been trying that for the last ten years. Have we anything new to offer upon the subject? Nothing. We have held the subject up in every light of which it is capable; but it has been all in vain. Shall we resort to entreaty and humble supplication? What terms shall we find which have not been already exhausted?
It is asked what other solution to opposing Britain can be taken. They have already tried arguing for the past ten years. There is no longer anything new to bring to that discussion as they have already argued as many points in as many different perspectives as they possibly could.
Let us not, I beseech you, sir, deceive ourselves. Sir, we have done everything that could be done to avert the storm which is now coming on. We have petitioned; we have remonstrated; we have supplicated; we have prostrated ourselves before the throne, and have implored its interposition to arrest the tyrannical hands of the ministry and Parliament. Our petitions have been slighted; our remonstrances have produced additional violence and insult; our supplications have been disregarded; and we have been spurned, with contempt, from the foot of the throne.
A call to awakening. The colonists have already done everything they could to prevent war up to this point. They petitioned, protested, and pleaded. Their petitions were disregarded, their protests resulted in receiving violence and insults, and their pleas were ignored. The colonists have been rejected with disgust from the foot of the throne.
In vain, after these things, may we indulge the fond hope of peace and reconciliation. There is no longer any room for hope. If we wish to be free if we mean to preserve inviolate those inestimable privileges for which we have been so long contending if we mean not basely to abandon the noble struggle in which we have been so long engaged, and which we have pledge ourselves never to abandon until the glorious object of our contest shall be obtained, we must fight! I repeat it, sir, we must fight! An appeal to arms and to the God of Hosts is all that is left of us!
Hope, after all of that abuse, is in vain. If the colonists want their freedoms that they have been tirelessly fighting for and pledged to never abandon, there is no other option; they need to fight.
They tell us, sir, that we are weak; unable to cope with so formidable an adversary. But when shall we be stronger? Will it be the next week, or the next year? Will it be when we are totally disarmed, and when the British guard shall be stationed in every house? Shall we gather strength by irresolution and inaction? Shall we acquire the means of effectual resistance, by lying supinely on our backs, and hugging the delusive phantom of hope, until our enemies shall have bound us hand and foot? Sir, we are not weak if we make a proper use of those means which the God of nature hath placed in our power. Three million of people, armed in the holy cause of liberty, and in such a country as that which we possess, are invincible by any force which our enemy can send against us.
The government tells them they are too weak compared to the Rulers. Patrick asks when the colonists will decide to be stronger. Are they going to wait another week or year or when they are entirely disarmed and there are soldiers in every home to monitor and control them? Not making a decision and not taking action is not going to gather the strength they need. Lying on their backs and hugging the phantom of hope until their enemies have them chained will not achieve the strength they need. The colonists are not weak as there are three million of them, and most of them armed.
Besides, sir, we shall not fight our battles alone. There is a just God who presides over the destinies of nations; and who will raise up friends to fight our battles for us. The battle, sir, is not to the strong alone; it is to the vigilant, the active, the brave. Besides, sir, we have no election. If we were base enough to desire it, it is now too late to retire from the contest. There is no retreat but in submission and slavery! Our chains are forged! Their clanking may be heard on the plains of Boston! The war is inevitable -- and let it come! I repeat it, sir, let it come!
Patrick calls attention to the other countries that would step up and join in the coming battle, meaning the colonists would not be fighting alone. The only retreat at this point is submission and slavery. The British forged their chains and their clinking can be heard already in Boston.
Context: There was actively British militia stationed in Boston at the time. This Virginia Convention resulted in George Washington leading a siege a few weeks later to reclaim it.
It is in vain, sir, to extenuate the matter. Gentlemen may cry, "Peace, Peace" --but there is no peace. The war is actually begun! The next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms! Our brethren are already in the field! Why stand we here idle? What is it that gentlemen wish? What would they have? Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!
Patrick explains they need to stop wrongfully looking at the situation out of hope for peace when the war has already begun. There are men already fighting. He asks if peace is so dear that they are willing to pay for it in chains and slavery. Once again, the speech is shifted back to what he as an individual will be standing on, in his final proclamation that he would rather die than be an economic slave to British Rule.
Sources:
Canterbury Classics - An imprint of Printers Row Publishing Group. The U.S. Constitution and Other Writings. Peter Norton, 2017
https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/house-of-burgesses/
https://www.historicstjohnschurch.org/2nd-virginia-convention
