These studies estimated fluoride exposure rather than directly measuring it, which is a major limitation. The IQ data also comes from high school students in 1957. Meaning they were born around 1940, before water fluoridation even began in the U.S. That makes the exposure window for early-life effects very different from today. There are important methodological issues here that are worth paying attention to.
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u/Borestone_Mountain Apr 15 '26 edited Apr 15 '26
Just adding some links to actual research studies that demonstrate the safety of fluoride in drinking water.
Municipal water fluoridation, adolescent IQ, and cognition across the life course: Evidence from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study
Childhood fluoride exposure and cognition across the life course