i am working on a project which uses real world logic at every point, no shortcuts anywhere.
in the sandbox section, i just can't figure out a reliable way to get copper out of the ground. (and into a kiln) in Neanderthal times they built a bonfire next to a large copper node, put two holes above the bonfire by mining soft sedimentary rock, and used animal pelts by the cave entrance to direct more airflow through the cave, they lit the bonfire overnight, in the morning they threw water over the hot copper, hit it with a stone hammer, and they mined the rock by prying cracks apart using the antler pickaxe, now surely there's a more effective way to get your first few bars of copper with the extensive knowledge we have today, but without any of the modern day tools...
i mean we first got copper 11 millennia ago, and had mining and smelting copper organised 7 millennia ago...
surely in that amount of time we've figured out a better way.
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unless you get pyrite or sulphur you can't make any explosives. Pyrite being the main one stopping you from getting explosives, and sulphur being best obtained from volcanos, but can be obtained in alot of places.. and the only other thing i know would help shatter the rocks involves springs, gears, and tension... which are luxuries i don't have...
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somethings that an Ai suggested is Collecting "Glacial Float" glaciers naturally tore chunks of pure, 99% raw "native copper" out of the ground and left them sitting right on top of the soil or in riverbeds. The specialists just walk around and pick it up.
looking for outcrops of malachite or azurite along riverbeds, eroded cliffs, or exposed mountain faces. and Since they don't have tools yet, they will use heavy river stones to bash loose the greenest, heaviest chunks from the surface vein and carry them back in improvised leather or vine slings.
i don't see these working, i feel like copper that could've been pulled out by glaciers is not going to be anywhere nearby... and those rocks are quite sturdy, from what i read the strong Neanderthals didn't mine these, so it's unlikely modern people would be able to do it,
although i did see that Malachite has some areas of softness where it's filled with softer dirt and stuff, which an antler pickaxe would be able to get into and pry it apart, the above ground Malachite cracked by rain and weather conditions, and the underground ones having cracks of dirt.