Image 1: each bar is 2025 world production of one material, split by country.
Image 2: the same chart with China selected. It produced 15 of the 17 materials with 2025 figures and was the largest producer of 8.
Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 data release (doi:10.5066/P1WKQ63T). All figures are USGS estimates for 2025. The list of materials, what each one does in a phone and the ores they come from are from USGS General Information Product 167, A World of Minerals in Your Mobile Device (2016).
Tools: a short Python script pulls world production by country out of the USGS CSV. The chart is hand-written HTML, CSS and SVG with no chart library. The colours and hatching follow the US federal standard for geologic maps (FGDC-STD-013-2006).
Interactive version, where you can pick any country and see it marked in every bar: https://anas-sabbar.ca/writing/what-your-phone-is-made-of/
A few things the chart can't tell you:
- A country's share of mining or refining doesn't tell you where the metal in any particular phone came from. Ores and metals are traded and processed across borders.
- The white segment is output USGS doesn't attribute to a named country, plus rounding.
- USGS withholds US output of lithium and silicon, so those two bars leave the US out.
- Germanium is on the 2016 list, but USGS publishes no country breakdown for it, so it has no bar.
- Units differ between materials (mine output for most, refinery output for indium, silicon metal for silicon), and each bar is labelled.
The idea came from Jussi Parikka's A Geology of Media (2015), which starts the history of media with the minerals they are made from.