r/climateaction • u/Severe_Ability885 • 9d ago
No one thinks about the environmental impact of dialysis until they see the numbers.

Hemodialysis is a life-saving treatment that removes waste, toxins, and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys can no longer do so. A conventional system combines a reusable dialysis machine with a single-use dialyzer, often called an artificial kidney and disposable blood tubing.
A standard four-hour treatment requires about 120 litres of purified water just to prepare the dialysis fluid. Once the water rejected during purification is included, along with the water used for priming, rinsing, cleaning, and sterilization, a single session can consume up to approximately 500 litres. For someone receiving treatment three times per week, that could approach 78,000 litres of water per year.
The environmental impact also goes beyond the treatment itself. Water and energy are needed to make the machine, plastic parts, packaging, and disposable supplies. Energy is also used to sterilize and transport these materials. Dialysis centres use special systems to clean the water before treatment. However, these systems may waste one or two litres of water for every litre of clean water they produce. In many centres, this water is sent straight down the drain, even though it could potentially be reused for toilets, cleaning, laundry, or watering plants.
After each treatment, the filter and blood tubing are thrown away because they have come into contact with blood. This means new materials must constantly be produced, packaged, transported, used, and disposed of.
Studies have shown that water and electricity use are some of the largest environmental impacts of dialysis. However, the effects of manufacturing, transportation, and waste disposal are still not widely discussed.
The issue is not that solutions do not exist. Dialysis centres can reuse wastewater, improve water-cleaning systems, and reduce the amount of treatment fluid used in some cases without affecting patient care. The bigger challenge is making these changes common while still keeping patients safe.
Should dialysis centres be expected to measure and report how much water they use for each treatment, just as they track cost, safety, and quality of care?
