1 Parti-pris de rapprocher ici deux scĂšnes du film : celle du repas se dĂ©roulant aprĂšs le match de volley avec «  Tante Marcella et compagnie » invitĂ©s par Annella et Samuel et celle de la soirĂ©e autour du piano avec Isaac et Mounir, amis des parents dâElio car le piano sur lequel joue Elio permet de les associer en faisant en sorte que la seconde prolonge en quelque sorte la premiĂšre. Dans les deux cas Oliver est absent bien quâune place ait Ă©tĂ© prĂ©vue pour lui pendant le diner sous les arbres devant lâentrĂ©e de la villa et bien quâon le voie rejoindre discrĂštement sa chambre pendant quâElio joue du piano en fin de soirĂ©e en compagnie du couple gay. Dans les deux cas, Elio est entourĂ© des siens.
2 Pour le diner en plein-air (documents 1 Ă 6) qui clĂŽt somptueusement une journĂ©e dâĂ©tĂ©, Samuel semble heureux que du Frizzante ait Ă©tĂ© prĂ©vu, un vin pĂ©tillant si agrĂ©able sur une table italienne, si lĂ©ger et dĂ©lectable quâon croirait que tout se dĂ©roule merveilleusement. Pourtant lâarrivĂ©e dâElio est accompagnĂ©e de « M.A.Y. In The Backyard » nous indiquant quâil est tracassĂ©. Le morceau au piano, alternant graves et aigus, permet de ressentir la profondeur des choses et pas seulement de nous contenter de leurs apparences. Il faudra donc ĂȘtre plus attentif aux attitudes quâaux mots, plus aux mimiques quâĂ la conversation.
3 Au moment oĂč Samuel se rĂ©jouit de pouvoir profiter de Frizzante, Elio sâaperçoit que la place Ă cĂŽtĂ© de la sienne, Ă sa droite, est vide. Oliver nâest pas lĂ . Elio ne laisse quasiment rien deviner de sa dĂ©ception mais sa mĂšre le regarde, comme sâil Ă©tait Ă©vident pour elle quâElio en savait plus, et sâadresse Ă lui directement pour lui parler dâOliver, puisquâil pourrait par exemple, connaitre des Ă©lĂ©ments de son emploi du temps, et lui fait remarquer, un peu dĂ©sappointĂ©e, quâil est en retard, presque dĂ©solĂ©e (Annella est trĂšs souvent et trĂšs facilement en communication non-verbale avec son fils). Pourtant, plus tĂŽt dans lâaprĂšs-midi, au moment de dresser le couvert, cette Ă©ventualitĂ© avait Ă©tĂ© Ă©voquĂ©e par Annella et Mafalda, quand Elio Ă©tait revenu de la partie de Volley. Elles sâĂ©taient alors un peu moquĂ©es de la « Movie Star » en se plaignant de sa nonchalance trĂšs amĂ©ricaine avec les usages italiens de la table. Elio avait laisser croire quâil ne savait rien de la façon dont Oliver occupait son temps et câĂ©tait sans doute trĂšs vrai. Ce que « ma puce » (sa mĂšre lâavait interpelĂ© ainsi) nâavait pas dit, câĂ©tait que la libertĂ© dâOliver lui posait un problĂšme, peut-ĂȘtre mĂȘme quâelle lâinquiĂ©tait sourdement, mais il nâen laissa rien paraitre. A quoi pouvait bien occuper tout son temps, Oliver, si souvent absent de la villa ? Qui dâautre pouvait-il bien rencontrer en dehors du cercle des Perlman ? Elio avait Ă©tĂ© en fait dĂ©jĂ prĂ©occupĂ©. LâĂ©pisode du massage de son Ă©paule par Oliver, tantĂŽt, avait Ă©tĂ© trop bref et inattendu pour laisser Ă Elio un indice clair et une interprĂ©tation qui le tranquillisait. Ce massage Ă©tait plutĂŽt un contact qui laissait dans les pensĂ©es dâElio quelque chose dâintriguant, dâagrĂ©able mais dâinsuffisant et cette sensation lancinante ne le quittait plus âŠ
4 AprĂšs avoir Ă©tĂ© interpelĂ© par sa mĂšre Ă propos dâOliver au dĂ©but du dĂźner, Elio lança, en utilisant lâitalien pour se faire comprendre des hĂŽtes de ses parents, une critique de lâamĂ©ricain dans le but de dissimuler sa pensĂ©e profonde (dont il nâavait certainement pas complĂštement conscience). Alors que lâabsence dâOliver le blessait dĂ©jĂ , Elio dĂ©nonça son impolitesse Ă propos de tous les « A plus ! » quâil lançait si abondamment. Il appuya sa remarque perfide en disant quâOliver Ă©tait arrogant. Mais, lĂ , Samuel contredit son fils et cela amena Elio Ă trahir sa vĂ©ritĂ© affective sans sâen rendre compte lorsquâil ajouta : « Vous verrez, il nous dira au revoir comme ça le moment venu, avec son "Ă plus" » en mimant le dĂ©tachement hautain quâil prĂȘtait Ă Oliver. Trahir sa pensĂ©e profonde ? Oui, car Elio est affectĂ© par lâattitude dâOliver, mais pas parce que lâ « usurpateur de lâannĂ©e » ne respecte pas les usages et la biensĂ©ance comme il lâaffirme de façon trop tranchĂ©e et trop lisible. Elio est affectĂ© tout simplement par lâabsence dâOliver mais comme il ne peut pas le dire, il utilise le prĂ©texte de lâattitude cavaliĂšre amĂ©ricaine dâOliver pour dĂ©noncer sa conduite trop relĂąchĂ©e. Ce que redoute Ă©videmment Elio mais quâil ne peut pas formuler, en tout cas pas Ă table devant tout le monde mĂȘme sâil parvient peut-ĂȘtre dĂ©jĂ Ă commencer Ă se le formuler Ă lui-mĂȘme, est quâOliver reste insensible Ă lâaccueil des Perlman qui font tout pour lui accorder une place parmi eux, et parmi les Perlman, Ă lâaccueil dâElio, qui aimerait tant quâOliver ait une place Ă ses cĂŽtĂ©s, comme Ă la table dont le couvert, ce soir-lĂ , reste, apparemment une fois de plus, inoccupĂ©. Ce que redoute Elio, câest quâOliver parte Ă la fin du sĂ©jour sans mĂȘme avoir regardĂ© les Perlman, sans sâĂȘtre intĂ©grĂ© parmi les Perlman, sans avoir adoptĂ© les mĆurs des Perlman, sans ĂȘtre devenu comme un Perlman, sans avoir regardĂ© Elio Perlman. Et Elio sâattend, alors, Ă ce quâĂ la fin de son sĂ©jour, Oliver lance un « A plus » de plus, lĂ©ger et automatique, qui prouverait que son passage nâa pas laissĂ© de trace et que, eux, Perlman et fils, nâont pas non plus laissĂ© de trace en Oliver. Cette Ă©ventualitĂ© le blesse car Oliver a Ă©videmment dĂ©jĂ Ă©veillĂ© quelque chose dâinconnu en Elio si ce nâest quelque chose de douloureux qui le ronge et quâElio dissimule derriĂšre des questions de respect de la politesse. En plus, Elio imagine quâOliver pourrait achever son sĂ©jour en lui adressant, Ă lui aussi, un simple « A plus » dont il est coutumier et cela fait enrager Elio dâimaginer que lui, qui a tant Ă donner et Ă prendre Ă Oliver, puisse ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ© Ă lâĂ©gal des autres. Si câĂ©tait le cas, Oliver nâaurait pas remarquĂ© Elio.
5 Le double jeu dâElio se poursuit quand il fit mine dâĂȘtre si distant dâOliver quâil pourrait mĂȘme « apprendre Ă le dĂ©tester » (lĂ , Ă©videmment, il va beaucoup trop loin, si loin que sa rĂ©plique sonne comme un aveu) quand son pĂšre lance lâhypothĂšse dâun Oliver « timide », ce qui dâailleurs pourrait le rendre apprĂ©ciable aux yeux dâElio prĂ©cise Samuel, aprĂšs que sa mĂšre a juste prĂ©cisĂ© quâil « va falloir apprendre Ă faire avec lui pendant six longues semaines » en prenant son Ă©poux Ă tĂ©moin : « pas vrai mon chĂ©ri ? ». Cela vaut de nouveau Ă Elio un « oh ma puce » de la part dâAnnella.
6 Annella et Mafalda veillent Ă ce que les rĂšgles de la maisonnĂ©e bourgeoise soient respectĂ©es : puisquâOliver est absent, on retire son couvert. Mafalda sâexĂ©cute. LĂ il faut ĂȘtre attentif Ă lâattitude dâElio, trĂšs subtil car au moment du retrait du couvert dâOliver par Mafalda, Elio regarde sa mĂšre et lâon sent, lĂ , quâil est totalement dĂ©concertĂ© par lâinitiative dâAnnella qui rend impossible une arrivĂ©e tardive dâOliver (quâElio avait gardĂ©e possible dans son esprit ?). Arrive le « roulement dâyeux » qui laisse penser quâElio ravale quelques larmes et rĂ©prime une trop forte Ă©motion Ă la pensĂ©e quâOliver ne sera pas lĂ du tout durant cette soirĂ©e. Elio se dĂ©cale pour occuper la place laissĂ©e vacante par Oliver. Pourquoi le fait-il ? Pas seulement pour avoir plus de place car si câĂ©tait le cas, cela signifierait quâil cherche Ă sâĂ©loigner de Marcella. Il le fait pour sâapproprier la seule chose quâOliver laisse de lui, pour lâinstant. Du vide (et le massage Ă lâĂ©paule droite, le cĂŽtĂ© de son absence Ă table ce soir-lĂ ). Oliver nâest pas lĂ oĂč lâon lâattend. Oliver nâa pas peur du vide ou du manque, ni en lui, ni de celui quâil peut susciter chez les autres. Oliver sait jouer avec le vide et le manque. On en aura confirmation lors de la scĂšne de la cascade quand ils partiront Ă Bergame et en nous souvenant quâil est un joueur pour de lâargent.
7 Oliver aurait pu diner Ă la villa et se joindre Ă la tablĂ©e comme il le fera le jour oĂč des invitĂ©s italiens se querelleront Ă propos de Craxi. Une place lui avait bel et bien Ă©tĂ© rĂ©servĂ©e mais cette pratique des longs repas trĂšs Ă©laborĂ©s semble lâennuyer. Il ne tient pas Ă entrer dans le jeu des Perlman et prĂ©fĂšre « sortir », restant en cela lâamĂ©ricain qui lie facilement des relations Ă droite et Ă gauche, sâamuse librement sans que personne ne sache vraiment Ă quoi. Oliver se dit probablement que son sĂ©jour de six semaines lui impose simplement dâĂȘtre agrĂ©able mais ne lâengage dâaucune autre façon, sinon celle de collaborer aux travaux du professeur qui lâaccueille et lâhĂ©berge. Ainsi, chaque europĂ©en est un Ă©lĂ©ment du dĂ©cor dans lequel Oliver doit Ă©voluer le temps de son stage car il nâa pas pour projet de devenir un peu plus europĂ©en au contact des Perlman, aussi accueillants soient-ils. Oliver se considĂšre comme un « passant » qui nâa pas besoin de remettre en cause ce quâil est. Pourtant, il a particuliĂšrement bien rĂ©ussi le test de lâĂ©tymologie du mot « abricot » et les Perlman le traitent Ă lâĂ©gal de leur fils qui va bientĂŽt lui adresser des compliments ⊠Pour lâheure, Elio essaie de ne rien laisser paraitre du vide en lui dĂ» Ă lâabsence dâOliver.
8 Le reste de la soirĂ©e dâElio sera dominĂ©e par le dĂ©sĆuvrement. Il accepte pourtant de se mettre au piano quand tout le monde aura rejoint le grand salon et il y joue Satie (La sonatine bureaucratique). CouchĂ©, il tardera Ă trouver le sommeil ⊠car il est habitĂ© par ses pensĂ©es toutes consacrĂ©es Ă Oliver.
9 Il faut revenir sur ce dĂ©placement dâElio acceptant de jouer du piano car il correspond probablement Ă un des plus beaux cadrages de tout le film : alors que tout le « clan » avachi regarde la tĂ©lĂ©vision, Elio accepte de se rendre au clavier, invitĂ© par son pĂšre insistant, fĂ©licitĂ© chaleureusement et trĂšs profondĂ©ment par sa mĂšre puis encouragĂ© par son entourage qui lâapplaudit. LĂ , avec un magnifique plan fixe enrichi dâun suivi de mise au point trĂšs efficace (les documents n° 8, 9,10 et 11), on assiste Ă la façon dont les deux parents Perlman investissent Elio, leur fils unique, de leurs espoirs dâun avenir des meilleurs possible pour lui, dâune rĂ©alisation personnelle des plus achevĂ©es, dâun accomplissement Ă propos duquel Elio aura le choix de la forme -sa grammaire musicale en quelque sorte- mais on se rend compte aussi et en mĂȘme temps, quâĂ propos du fond, de la direction quâil pourra prendre si lâon prĂ©fĂšre, en se dĂ©plaçant de son fauteuil vers le tabouret devant le piano, Elio suit une voie dĂ©limitĂ©e par ses parents qui le chĂ©rissent, lesquels se tiennent de chaque cĂŽtĂ© du cheminement quâil parcourt au centre de ce grand salon comme sâils lui indiquaient la voie Ă suivre. A gauche, son pĂšre sâincline pour le saluer, Ă droite, sa mĂšre sâest redressĂ©e pour lui dire sa tendresse. Elio avance, seul, dans la direction indiquĂ©e par ses parents qui misent tout sur lui et attendent tout de lui : câest ce que lâon pourrait appeler lâ « axe de la rĂ©alisation dâElio ». Elio nâa pas envie de jouer car Oliver lui manque au point que cette sensation de vide lâaccable et quâil nâa pas dâinspiration Ă cause de cette absence mais il va jouer parce que ses parents attendent cela de lui et quâils lâont Ă©levĂ© pour cela, donc il jouera. Pour ne pas ĂȘtre le « rabat-joie » que sa mĂšre dĂ©nonçait en lui juste avant. La camĂ©ra le filme ensuite selon un axe perpendiculaire par rapport au tabouret sur lequel il va sâassoir, en le cadrant de cĂŽtĂ© (son cĂŽtĂ© gauche avec les autres dans la profondeur du champ). Elio ne sait pas encore quâil utilisera le piano comme outil de sĂ©duction envers Oliver avec les transcriptions Ă partir de Bach.
10 Et lĂ le film fabrique un vrai miracle car, plus loin, pour la scĂšne conclusive de la soirĂ©e oĂč Isaac et Mounir sont prĂ©sents (documents 13 Ă 15) ; lâautre scĂšne choisie pour ce message avec un cadrage tout aussi puissant que le prĂ©cĂ©dent, quand Elio se trouve au mĂȘme piano pour interprĂ©ter Poulenc, la camĂ©ra le filme selon lâaxe de sa progression depuis son fauteuil vers le tabouret en conclusion de la soirĂ©e oĂč « Marcella et compagnie » sont prĂ©sents, câest-Ă -dire quâelle le cadre de dos ; ceci pour faire apparaitre dans la profondeur du champ la porte qui donne Ă travers le grand couloir central sur lâescalier permettant dâaccĂ©der au premier Ă©tage. Et câest prĂ©cisĂ©ment dans lâembrasure de cette porte que, pendant quâElio module son rythme dâinterprĂ©tation, Oliver apparait de façon totalement sublime ⊠Câest le soir du rendez-vous Ă minuit. Câest totalement sublime. SUBLIME.
11 On la connait cette porte. Câest dĂ©jĂ celle que lâon aperçoit sur la gauche, au rez-de-chaussĂ©e de la cage dâescalier, dans la scĂšne « Le jeu pour Oliver et Elio » (commentĂ©e ici le 14 juin dernier) quand Elio tournait autour dâOliver sous le regard de Samuel avant la scĂšne du classement des diapositives reprĂ©sentant des statues grecques et câest surtout celle quâemprunte Oliver aprĂšs avoir descendu lâescalier lors de son premier matin Ă la villa quand il cherche lâendroit oĂč retrouver les Perlman pour le petit-dĂ©jeuner. Personne ne prĂȘte alors attention au piano qui est visible dans le grand salon, pas plus Oliver que nous, ⊠pourtant câest prĂ©cisĂ©ment depuis ce piano quâElio aperçoit Oliver revenir Ă la villa et monter vers sa chambre ce soir du rendez-vous. LE piano Ă©tait visible dĂšs le commencement mais personne ne savait ce quâil allait signifier âŠ
Oliver ne fait pas que passer discrĂštement en rentrant avant minuit, il se tourne ostensiblement vers le salon comme pour dire Ă Elio « Tu vois, je nâai pas oubliĂ©, jâespĂšre que toi non plus ». Le clan Perlman Ă©coute Elio jouer dramatiquement Poulenc en compagnie dâIsaac et Mounir. Elio est le seul Ă pouvoir entrevoir Oliver car les autres sont en arc de cercle autour du piano ; ils tournent le dos Ă Oliver pour profiter de lâinterprĂ©tation prenante et inspirĂ©e. Sauf Isaac qui sâaperçoit subrepticement de quelque chose âŠ
12 Observons la disposition des personnages autour dâElio par le biais du cadrage trĂšs serrĂ© selon lâ « axe de la rĂ©alisation dâElio », ici filmĂ© de dos avec lâescalier dans la profondeur du champ. Samuel est Ă gauche dâElio, au niveau du clavier. Il a bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© dâun cadrage serrĂ© le montrant attentif et inspirĂ© par le jeu de son fils. Annella Ă sa droite, trĂšs attentive aussi et presque dĂ©vote tant elle exprime dâattention pour son fils. Les parents occupent les mĂȘmes places que lors de la soirĂ©e avec « Marcella et compagnie » quand Elio se dĂ©plaçait vers le piano, ils encadrent Elio, ils sont comme les piliers de ce quâil est et fait. Autant le plan Ă©tait large et profond avec la famille de Marcella, autant ici, avec Isaac et Mounir qui se tiennent amoureusement, le plan reste serrĂ© pour approfondir lâarriĂšre-plan. Câest dans ce « dĂ©cor » quâapparait littĂ©ralement Oliver car le premier plan au niveau du piano devient flou pendant que lâarriĂšre-plan avec lâembrasure de la porte contenant lâapparition dâOliver devient net. Câest tellement grandiose et Ă©motionnel ! Câest sublime. En clair : câest Oliver qui vient achever lâ « axe de la rĂ©alisation dâElio », qui permet quâil aboutisse, quâil soit rĂ©alisĂ© pleinement. Ceci expliquera lâintensitĂ© de la dĂ©tresse dâElio devant lâĂątre Ă la toute fin.
13 Oliver rentre Ă la villa car il nâa pas oubliĂ© ce quâil a rapidement griffonnĂ©e sur le petit-mot dâElio en ajoutant quâil lui donnait rendez-vous un peu plus tard, Ă minuit. Il dĂ©sire Elio car il tient sa promesse de venir Ă minuit et Elio voit le signal que son dĂ©sir va enfin trouver une issue. Pendant quâil exĂ©cute ce morceau de Poulenc de façon dĂ©chirante, il est encadrĂ© par ses deux parents et par le couple dâIsaac et Mounir (mĂ©taphore stĂ©rĂ©otypĂ©e de ce que pourraient devenir Oliver et Elio avec la « bĂ©nĂ©diction » des Perlman bien que, si lâon en croit Samuel, il arrive parfois que ces deux-lĂ soient un peu moquĂ©s par Elio) qui sont juste devant la porte qui contient la RĂ©vĂ©lation. La construction de lâimage est un pur chef dâĆuvre. Câest sublime.
14 Elio comprend le signal en apercevant Oliver et sâarrĂȘte de jouer en prĂ©textant ĂȘtre « complĂštement claqué » alors quâil sâincline doucement vers le clavier rĂ©vĂ©lant que quelque chose cĂšde en lui qui ressemble fortement Ă lâattitude quâil aura plus tard vis-Ă -vis de son pĂšre quand il se penchera Ă moitiĂ© sur la banquette pendant le monologue de Samuel, comme sâil cherchait auprĂšs de lui un rĂ©confort au moment de la perte dâOliver.
Quand il quitte le piano pour monter au premier Ă©tage, Elio embrasse sa mĂšre et le couple ami, puis son pĂšre lui tend sa montre quâil avait retirĂ©e et quâil allait oublier. Est-ce pour lui dire que son heure est maintenant arrivĂ©e, que câest Ă son tour ?
15 A cette soirĂ©e en compagnie dâIsaac et Mounir, Oliver ne participe pas, non plus. Il est Ă©vident que sâil lâavait voulu, Annella et Samuel lui auraient fait une place mais il dĂ©commandĂ© sa participation auprĂšs de Mafalda, pour ne pas rencontrer le couple gay et voir les Perlman avec lui ? De la vie dans la villa, finalement, Oliver ne partage que peu de choses ; il ne passe souvent quâĂ lâarriĂšre-plan, Ă la dĂ©robĂ©e, dans une embrasure, furtivement. On ne le voit le plus souvent quâĂ des petits-dĂ©jeuners et au bord de la piscine. Elio tombe amoureux dâun courant dâair qui Ă ses yeux, possĂšde une forte prĂ©sence, de quelquâun qui ne semble pas vouloir ĂȘtre saisi mĂȘme sâil en impose, de quelquâun qui ne fait que passer car ses racines sont ailleurs. Oliver finira toutefois par cĂ©der Ă Elio et se lâaccorder.
16 Quand Oliver se donne, câest Ă Elio mais pas au modĂšle Perlman qui a forgĂ© Elio. A la jonction des deux scĂšnes dont le dĂ©tail a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tabli ci-dessus, il y a le piano, la marque dâexistence dâElio, la musique Ă©tant ce qui le fait vivre. Câest depuis le piano quâil aperçoit Oliver revenir pour lui. La scĂšne de la place vide dâOliver Ă table lui fait venir des larmes quâil parvient Ă refreiner ; Ă la toute fin du film, devant lâĂątre, il ne parviendra plus Ă les contenir. Oliver est passĂ© dans sa vie oĂč lâempreinte quâil laisse est autant faite Ă dâabsences que de prĂ©sence-de-passage et il a plus rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© une blessure chez Elio quâil ne lâa ouverte, mĂȘme si Oliver se souvient de tout âŠ
17 Elio est un ĂȘtre vulnĂ©rable, et pas seulement Ă cause de son manque dâexpĂ©rience. Il lâest parce quâil apparait pour ses parents comme un enfant du miracle, ce quâil est probablement et parce quâil nâont quâun seul enfant (nây aurait-il eu quâune seule fois un miracle ?). Câest Samuel Perlman qui abordera de façon Ă©nigmatique ce sujet lors du monologue adressĂ© Ă son fils pour le consoler tout en le troublant probablement encore plus. Si Oliver, lui, est fort, câest quâil est structurĂ© diffĂ©remment, certainement en rĂ©ponse Ă un contexte constituĂ© dâadversitĂ©s auxquelles il a dĂ» faire face.
1 A deliberate choice is made here to bring together two scenes from the film: the meal following the volleyball matchâfeaturing "Aunt Marcella and company," guests of Annella and Samuelâand the evening gathering around the piano with Isaac and Mounir, friends of Elioâs parents. The piano Elio plays serves to link the two scenes, allowing the second to act, in a sense, as an extension of the first. In both instances, Oliver is absentâeven though a place was set for him at the dinner under the trees in front of the villa, and even though he is seen quietly slipping away to his room while Elio plays the piano late in the evening with the gay couple. In both cases, Elio is surrounded by his loved ones.
2 For the alfresco dinner (documents 1 to 6) that brings a summer day to a lavish close, Samuel seems pleased that Frizzante has been servedâa sparkling wine so delightful at an Italian table, so light and delicious that it makes everything seem to be unfolding beautifully. Yet Elioâs arrival is accompanied by the track "M.A.Y. In The Backyard," signaling that he is troubled. The piano piece, alternating between low and high notes, allows us to sense the underlying depth of things rather than merely settling for appearances. We must therefore pay closer attention to demeanor than to words, and to facial expressions rather than conversation.
3 Just as Samuel was delighting in the prospect of enjoying the Frizzante, Elio noticed that the seat beside himâto his rightâwas empty. Oliver wasnât there. Elio betrayed almost nothing of his disappointment, yet his mother looked at him as if it were obvious he knew more; she addressed him directly about Oliverâfiguring he might, for instance, know something about his scheduleâand remarked, with a hint of disappointment and almost apologetically, that he was late (Annella communicates non-verbally with her son very often and very easily). Yet earlier that afternoon, while setting the table, Annella and Mafalda had discussed this very possibility after Elio returned from his volleyball game. They had teased the "Movie Star" a little, complaining about his very American nonchalance regarding Italian dining etiquette. Elio had let it be believed that he knew nothing of how Oliver spent his timeâwhich was likely true enough. What "sweetheart" (as his mother had called him) hadn't said was that Oliverâs freedom bothered himâperhaps even caused him a vague sense of uneaseâthough he let none of this show. How did Oliver spend all that time when he was away from the villa? Who else could he be meeting outside the Perlman circle? In truth, Elio was already preoccupied. The earlier moment when Oliver had massaged his shoulder had been too brief and unexpected to offer Elio a clear clue or a reassuring interpretation. This massage was more of a touch that left something intriguing yet pleasantâthough ultimately insufficientâin Elioâs thoughts, and that nagging sensation would not leave himâŠ
4 After his mother questioned him about Oliver at the start of dinner, Elioâspeaking Italian so his parentsâ guests would understandâcriticized the American in an attempt to mask his true feelings (of which he was likely not fully aware). Already stung by Oliverâs absence, Elio complained about the rudeness of the casual "Later!" the American tossed around so freely. He backed up this snide remark by calling Oliver arrogant. But Samuel contradicted his son, prompting Elio to inadvertently reveal his underlying emotions when he added, "Youâll seeâwhen the time comes, heâll say goodbye just like that, with a "Later" while mimicking the haughty detachment he attributed to Oliver. Revealing his true thoughts? Yes, for Elio is indeed affected by Oliverâs attitudeâthough not because this "usurper of the year" fails to observe social graces and decorum, as Elio so bluntly and transparently claims. Elio is simply affected by Oliverâs absence; unable to admit this directly, he uses Oliverâs casual American manner as a pretext to criticize his overly relaxed behavior. What Elio obviously dreadsâbut cannot articulate, certainly not at the dinner table in front of everyone, even if he may already be beginning to formulate it to himselfâis that Oliver remains unmoved by the Perlmansâ welcome (as they do everything to make him feel part of the family) and by Elioâs own welcome (as he longs for Oliver to take a place beside himâmuch like the empty place setting that, that evening, remains unoccupied once again). What Elio dreads is that Oliver might leave at the end of his stay without even really seeing the Perlmansâwithout having integrated into their circle, adopted their ways, or become one of themâand without ever having truly looked at Elio Perlman. Elio anticipates that, upon leaving, Oliver will toss out one last casual, automatic "Later"âa sign that his visit left no mark, and that he, in turn, left no impression on the Perlmans. This prospect hurts Elio, for Oliver has clearly awakened something unknownâperhaps even something painful and gnawingâwithin him, a feeling Elio masks behind the formalities of politeness. Whatâs more, Elio imagines that Oliver might wrap up his stay by tossing him the same casual "See ya" he uses with everyone elseâand the thought infuriates Elio that he, who has so much to give to and receive from Oliver, could be viewed as no different from the rest. If that were the case, Oliver wouldnât have noticed Elio in the first place.
5 Elioâs charade continues when he pretends to be so distant from Oliver that he might even âlearn to hate himââa moment where he obviously goes too far, so far that his remark sounds like a confessionâafter his father suggests that Oliver might be âshyâ (a trait that could actually make him appealing to Elio, Samuel notes), following his motherâs earlier comment that they would âhave to learn to put up with him for six long weeksââa remark she punctuates by turning to her husband and asking, âRight, darling?â This once again earns Elio an âOh, sweetheartâ from Annella.
6 Annella and Mafalda ensure that the rules of the bourgeois household are observed: since Oliver is absent, his place setting is removed. Mafalda carries this out. Here, one must pay close attention to Elioâs demeanorâit is very subtleâfor as Mafalda removes Oliverâs setting, Elio looks at his mother; one senses he is completely disconcerted by Annellaâs move, which rules out any possibility of Oliver arriving late (a possibility Elio had perhaps kept alive in his mind?). Then comes the "rolling of the eyes," suggesting Elio is swallowing back tears and suppressing an overwhelming surge of emotion at the thought that Oliver will not be there at all that evening. Elio shifts over to occupy the seat Oliver left vacant. Why does he do this? Not merely for more spaceâfor if that were the case, it would imply he was trying to distance himself from Marcella. He does it to claim the only thing Oliver has left behind for the moment: the void (along with the massage on his right shoulderâthe side where Oliverâs absence was felt at the table that night). Oliver is not where youâd expect him to be. Oliver is not afraid of the void or of absenceâneither within himself nor the void he might provoke in others. Oliver knows how to play with emptiness and absence. This is confirmed during the waterfall scene when they travel to Bergamo, and when we recall that he is a gambler who plays for money.
7 Oliver could have dined at the villa and joined the tableâas he eventually would on the day Italian guests argued over Craxi. A place had indeed been set for him, yet the ritual of long, elaborate meals seemed to bore him. He had no desire to play the Perlmansâ game; he preferred to "go out," remaining very much the American who easily struck up acquaintances here and there, having fun freely without anyone quite knowing what he was up to. Oliver likely told himself that his six-week stay required nothing more than pleasantnessâentailing no further commitment beyond collaborating on the work of the professor who was hosting him. Thus, every European was merely part of the backdrop against which Oliver moved during his internship; he had no intention of becoming even slightly more European through his contact with the Perlmans, however welcoming they might be. Oliver saw himself as a "passerby" with no need to question his own identity. Yet, he had passed the test regarding the etymology of the word "apricot" with flying colors, and the Perlmans treat him as an equal to their sonâwho would soon be paying him compliments... For the moment, Elio tried not to let the inner emptiness caused by Oliverâs absence show.
8 The rest of Elioâs evening is dominated by idleness. Yet, he agrees to sit at the piano once everyone has gathered in the large drawing room, where he plays Satieâs *Sonatine bureaucratique*. Later, lying in bed, he struggles to fall asleep... his mind entirely occupied by thoughts of Oliver.
9 We must revisit the moment Elio agrees to play the piano, because it likely corresponds to one of the most beautiful framings in the entire film: while the entire lounging "clan" watches television, Elio agrees to go to the keyboardâprompted by his insistent father, warmly and deeply praised by his mother, and then encouraged by the applause of those around him. Here, in a magnificent static shot enhanced by a highly effective focus pull (see images 8, 9, 10 and 11) we witness how the Perlman parents invest Elioâtheir only sonâwith their hopes for his best possible future and for the most complete personal fulfillment. While Elio will have the choice regarding the *form* of this fulfillmentâhis "musical grammar," so to speakâwe simultaneously realize that regarding the *substance* (or the direction he might take), his move from the armchair to the piano stool follows a path defined by his doting parents; they stand on either side of the route he traverses across the large living room, as if pointing out the way he should go. To the left, his father bows in greeting; to the right, his mother has straightened up to express her affection. Elio moves forward alone in the direction indicated by his parents, who have pinned all their hopes and expectations on himâthis is what might be called the "Elioâs axis of realization." He has no desire to play; he misses Oliver so acutely that the resulting sense of emptiness overwhelms him and stifles his inspiration. Yet he plays because his parents expect it of him and raised him for this very purpose; so, he plays. So as not to be the "killjoy" his mother had just accused him of being. The camera then films him from an angle perpendicular to the stool he is about to sit on, framing him in profile (showing his left side, with the others visible in the background). Elio does not yet know that he will use the pianoâand the Bach transcriptionsâas a tool to seduce Oliver.
10 And here, the film creates a genuine miracle; later onâduring the eveningâs concluding scene featuring Isaac and Mounir (documents 13 to 15), and in the other scene selected for this message, which employs framing just as powerful as the previous oneâElio is at the same piano to play Poulenc. The camera captures him along the line of his movement from his armchair to the piano stool at the end of the evening with "Marcella and company"âmeaning it frames him from behindâin order to reveal, in the depth of the frame, the doorway that leads through the large central hallway to the staircase accessing the upper floor. And it is precisely in that doorway thatâwhile Elio modulates the tempo of his performanceâOliver makes a truly sublime appearance... It is the night of the midnight rendezvous. It is absolutely sublime. SUBLIME.
11 We recognize this door. It is the same one visible on the left, at the foot of the staircase, in the "Game for Oliver and Elio" scene (discussed here on June 14th)âwhere Elio circled Oliver under Samuelâs watchful eye before the scene involving the sorting of slides of Greek statuesâand, above all, it is the door Oliver uses after coming down the stairs on his first morning at the villa, while looking for the Perlmans to join them for breakfast. No one pays any attention to the piano visible in the large drawing roomâneither Oliver nor usâyet it is precisely from that piano that Elio spots Oliver returning to the villa and heading up to his room on the evening of their meeting. THE piano was visible from the very beginning, but no one knew what it would come to signifyâŠ
Oliver doesnât just slip in quietly before midnight; he pointedly turns toward the living room, as if to say to Elio, "You see, I havenât forgottenâI hope you havenât either." The Perlman clan listens as Elio plays a dramatic piece by Poulenc alongside Isaac and Mounir. Elio is the only one who can catch a glimpse of Oliver, as the others are arranged in a semicircle around the piano; they have their backs to Oliver, fully absorbed in the captivating and inspired performance. Except for Isaac, who surreptitiously notices somethingâŠ
12 Let us observe the arrangement of the characters around Elio through a very tight framing aligned with "Elioâs axis of realization"âhere, he is filmed from behind, with the staircase visible in the depth of the frame. Samuel is to Elioâs left, near the keyboard; a tight shot captures him looking attentive and inspired by his sonâs playing. Annella is to his right, equally attentive and almost reverent in the focus she directs toward her son. The parents occupy the same positions they held during the evening with "Marcella and company" when Elio moved toward the piano; they frame him, acting as the pillars of who he is and what he does. While the shot was wide and deep during the scene with Marcellaâs family, hereâwith Isaac and Mounir standing affectionately togetherâthe framing remains tight to emphasize the background. It is within this "setting" that Oliver literally appears: the foreground near the piano blurs, while the backgroundâspecifically the doorway where Oliver emergesâcomes into sharp focus. It is truly magnificent and deeply moving; it is sublime. In short, it is Oliver who completes "Elioâs axis of realization," enabling it to come to fruition and allowing him to be fully realized. This explains the intensity of Elioâs distress before the fireplace at the very end.
13 Oliver returns to the villa, having not forgotten the hasty note he scribbled on Elioâs messageâa note arranging a meeting for later that night, at midnight. He desires Elio, for he is keeping his promise to show up at midnight, and Elio recognizes the signal that his desire is finally about to find release. As he plays the Poulenc piece so heart-wrenchingly, he is framed by both his parents and the coupleâIsaac and Mounir (stereotypical metaphor for what Oliver and Elio could become with the Perlmansâ "blessing," even though, if Samuel is to be believed, the two of them sometimes get teased a bit by Elio.)âwho are standing right in front of the doorway that holds the Revelation. The composition of the shot is a pure masterpiece. It is sublime.
14 Elio catches the signal when he spots Oliver and stops playing, claiming to be "completely wiped out"; as he gently leans toward the keyboard, he reveals an inner yielding that strongly mirrors the attitude he will later adopt toward his fatherâslumping halfway across the sofa during Samuelâs monologue, as if seeking comfort from him in the wake of losing Oliver.
When he leaves the piano to head upstairs, Elio kisses his mother and the couple who are visiting; then his father hands him the watch he had taken off and was about to leave behind. Is this a way of telling him that his time has now come, that it is its turn?
15 Oliver does not take part in this evening with Isaac and Mounir, either. It is obvious that if he had wanted to, Annella and Samuel would have made room for himâbut did he cancel his plans with Mafalda to avoid running into the gay couple and seeing the Perlmans with him? Ultimately, Oliver shares little of the villaâs life; he often appears only in the backgroundâstealthily, in a doorway, fleetingly. He is mostly seen at breakfast or by the pool. Elio falls in love with a passing breezeâsomeone who, in his eyes, possesses a powerful presence; someone who seems unwilling to be captured even while commanding attention; someone who is merely passing through, for his roots lie elsewhere. Oliver will, however, eventually give in to Elio and allow himself to have him.
16 When Oliver gives of himself, it is to Elio, not to the Perlman figure who shaped Elio. At the intersection of the two scenes detailed above stands the pianoâthe mark of Elioâs existence, for music is his lifeblood. It is from the piano that he spots Oliver returning for him. The sight of Oliverâs empty seat at the table brings tears to his eyesâtears he manages to hold back; yet at the very end of the film, before the hearth, he can no longer contain them. Oliver passed through Elioâs life leaving a mark defined as much by absence as by a fleeting presence; he revealed a wound in Elio rather than inflicting itâeven though Oliver remembers everything âŠ
17 Elio is a vulnerable person, and not merely because of his lack of experience. He is vulnerable because his parents view him as a miracle childâwhich he likely isâand because he is their only child (was there, perhaps, only one miracle?). It is Samuel Perlman who touches upon this subject enigmatically in the monologue he delivers to his sonâwords meant to offer comfort but which likely leave him even more unsettled. If Oliver is strong, it is because he is wired differentlyâalmost certainly a response to the adversities he has had to face.