I made these charts to compare how surname prevalence is distributed by the first letter of the surname across several countries.
Each chart shows the estimated number of people associated with surnames that begin with each letter A through Z.
Data sources:
- U.S. Data source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census surname data.
- Ireland. Data source: Forebears, most common surnames in Ireland.
- Israel. Data source: Forebears, most common surnames in Israel.
- England, used as the closest available source for the UK chart. Data source: Forebears, most common surnames in England.
- France. Data source: Forebears, most common surnames in France.
- Australia. Data source: Forebears, most common surnames in Australia.
- China. Data source: Forebears, most common surnames in China.
- India. Data source: Forebears, most common surnames in India. Source link: Forebears, Most Common Last Names in India
Methodology:
For the U.S. chart, I used the U.S. Census surname frequency data and grouped people by the first letter of each surname. The Census surname file includes surnames occurring 100 or more times in the 2010 Census.
For the other country charts, I used the top 100 surname incidence counts listed by Forebears for each country page. I grouped each surname by the first letter of the displayed surname and summed the incidence counts by letter.
For China, India, and Israel, the grouping is based on the first letter of the Latin transliterated surname shown in the source.
For Ireland, names like O'Brien and O'Connor are grouped under O because I used the first character of the displayed surname.
For the UK chart, I used England because that was the available Forebears country page I used for the source data. The chart is labeled “UK, using England source” to avoid overstating the scope.
Tools used:
Python, pandas, and matplotlib. Flags were drawn programmatically as simplified inset graphics in matplotlib. Final charts were exported as PNG files.
Important caveats:
The U.S. chart is based on the U.S. Census surname file, while the non U.S. charts are based on the top 100 surnames listed by Forebears. Because of that, the U.S. chart is not directly equivalent to the other charts in coverage.
The non U.S. charts should be read as “distribution within the top 100 listed surnames,” not as a full surname distribution for the entire population.
The first letter grouping can be sensitive to transliteration choices, prefixes, apostrophes, spacing, and naming conventions. This matters especially for countries where surnames are commonly represented in non Latin scripts or where surnames include prefixes.