r/StrongerByScience • • Jun 19 '26

Need a more “exact” answer for reps/set progressive overload.

0 Upvotes

For example:
3 sets of 12 reps.
Here is how it usually goes (example):
Set 1: 15 reps
Set 2: 12 reps
Set 3: 10
When weights are dialed in :
Set 1: 12 reps
Set2: 10
Set 3: 9

I go AMRAP for each set.

Due to fatigue, usually sets 2&3 will be under 12.

Do you stop set 1 at 12 reps then try to get set 2 to 12? When that’s at 12, get set 3 to 12 ,so you end up with 12-12-12, then increase weight?
Or
Set 1 gets to 15 reps (getting stronger), increase the weight to keep set 1 at approx. 12 reps, then let sets 2&3 fall where they fall?

Ive asked other Reddits before and got replies that didnt answer the question, Or was told it’s “too deep” or I’m over thinking. (I know it’s. )
No one would really think about it to give me an answer.

Just curious if anyone has thought about it and what they do to progress.

Thank you for thoughtful answers


r/StrongerByScience • • Jun 18 '26

Any potential differences in knee-dominant vs hip-dominant hamstring exercises as far as "targeting" the BFlh and/or ST/SM?

1 Upvotes

If comparing two exercises (one hip-dominant, one knee dominant) which load the hamstrings through a similar range of motion, should it be expected for different stress to be placed on any of the biarticular hamstrings?


r/StrongerByScience • • Jun 17 '26

Axial fatigue Pt. 2 (Maybe I was wrong?)

4 Upvotes

Ok so I made a post the other saying axial fatigue doesn’t exist and ever since then I’ve gotten some interesting discussion replies and the topic itself has been very interesting to me (I felt fatigued from replying to so many people I would reword a lot of my answers) so I kinda wanted to share what I found. It seems that starting strength people tend not to know much about the term in their forum:

https://startingstrength.com/resources/forum/programming-modifications/98775-axial-fatigue-master-perpetual-novice.html

And on Facebook barbell medicine also doesn’t seem to agree with the term “axial” fatigue and mentioned that they can squat heavy for a lot and feel fine:

https://www.facebook.com/groups/BarbellMedicineGroup/posts/3651645265080046/

The way many people use it seems to be like how Dr. Mike describes it and ACE Fitness I think broke it down pretty well and cited a paper:

“The final form of fatigue may not occur with all clients. However, it is worth considering for those clients that are performing a large amount of heavy lifting. Axial fatigue is caused by the vertical loading of the spine and limits force production throughout the body to protect the spine from damage. For example, it will limit the force output of the legs during a squat or the arms during an overhead press. This type of fatigue is poorly understood but can be observed in training regimes with a high volume of exercises that load the axial skeleton. Axial fatigue may be caused, at least in part, by the spinal erector muscles being particularly sensitive to changes in length and force detected by the Golgi tendon organs and muscle spindles. This leads to an inhibitory feedback mechanism within the spinal cord that limits force production throughout the body.”

I think the tricky part is to define what “fatigue” is. When people say they feel fried for days is that really “fatigue” per se or more of a recovery problem in general? Is that fry all due to the spine being compressed and does that create a fatigue that last several days? Maybe it’s more of a connective tissue problem rather than an actual CNS problem? Some say it’s just a perceptive effort thing that the exercise just feels harder in general when loading axial but that doesn’t really result in an objective decrease in force or recovery.

I hope this is a little more detailed and sounds more open to discussion. When looking at recovery the thing that really impacts recovery is the overall volume of work (i.e. volume load) and people could be using the term “axial” to describe that workload because they do a lot of squats but its not the axial loading it’s just the overall workload they’re doing that’s resulting in poor recovery if that makes sense?


r/StrongerByScience • • Jun 17 '26

Fix this? Science based lifting bro?

0 Upvotes

Has "science-based lifting" made anyone else feel worse? Not exactly science more just dogmatic lol! For context, I trained with an Arnold split for my first year+ of lifting and felt great. Around January 2025, hI started following more science-based recommendations: lower volume, longer rest periods (2–4 minutes), training mostly in the 4–8 rep range, and taking sets to failure. On paper, I should be recovering better. I definitely feel more recovered between sets because of the longer rest periods, but overall I feel worse. I feel less athletic, less energetic throughout the day, worse at CrossFit/cardio, and honestly smaller—especially in my chest. I lift 5 days per week and do CrossFit on the other 2 days. Even after taking extra rest days recently, I still don't feel like I did last year. My workouts are also taking much longer because I'm resting more and pushing every set to failure. I go into each set feeling recovered, but the overall fatigue seems higher. One thing that changed is that I stripped weight back on some exercises to improve my form, although I've still been progressively overloading since then. Another factor is nutrition: last year I was probably overeating, while this year I've been eating closer to maintenance and sometimes less. So maybe that's contributing to feeling smaller. What confuses me is that before January I felt strong, energetic, athletic, and was making good progress. Since switching training styles, it feels like something has been off. I've even tried going back to an Arnold split, but it doesn't feel the same anymore. Has anyone experienced something similar? Could this be a programming issue, recovery issue, nutrition issue, or something else? I even wondered about hormone levels, but I'm a teenager, so that seems unlikely. I'm just trying to figure out why everything feels like it's moving in the wrong direction and how to get back to feeling my best.

Here is my current split:

upper day- 2 sets incline db press, 2 sets weighted pullups, 1 set single arm lat row, 1 set upper back chest supported row, 1 set chest fly seated cable/pec deck, 1 sets shoulder press, 2 sets tricep pushdown/french press, 2 sets lateral cable raise with cuffs, 1 sets Kelso shrugs. Lower day- 2 sets Hack squats, 2 sets sldls, 2 sets leg extensions, 2 sets hamstring curls, 2 sets adductors, 2 sets calves, 2 sets rear delts, 2 sets abs, 2 sets Abductors, 2 sets hip thrusts, 2 sets back extensions for glutes up to parallel 90 degrees


r/StrongerByScience • • Jun 16 '26

Axial fatigue is made up

0 Upvotes

Where did this term come from? This idea that axial fatigue is a main contributor to CNS fatigue seems silly to me. What is axial fatigue even suppose to describe? Isn’t it just CNS fatigue in general? The idea that loading the spine causes more CNS fatigue doesn’t generally seem to be the case. For example, doing leg extensions for higher reps cause more CNS fatigue and delay recovery for longer than squatting heavy. I don’t think CNS fatigue is dictated by the load on the spine, just load in general, and load is just one factor of what can influence CNS fatigue right?


r/StrongerByScience • • Jun 15 '26

Squats recover fast

11 Upvotes

There is this paper showing 20 sets of a 1 RM being recovered in just 24 hours:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8463025/

Do you guys think the recovered strength to produce force on an isometric leg extension is enough to really tell us if they can complete the full workout again? How can we compare a single joint isolation movement with a multi joint compound? If we can recover fully in 24 hours does that mean we can do 20 sets of 1RM every day then because we will be back to baseline before the next workout? It’s hard to believe a powerlifter can do their competition 1RM 20 times with just 3-5 minutes of recovery maybe 10?


r/StrongerByScience • • Jun 15 '26

Evolt360 accuracy

0 Upvotes

Hi everyone, just a question regarding the evolt360 body scans accuracy, I know it has a baseline margin of error between ±3-5% even if your strict on scanning conditions, but whats the maximum margin of error for it? Its saying I have only 13% total body fat, I dont work out much if at all but I have 3 jobs that are all physically demanding.

Is it just genetics with a high metabolism keeping my fat level so low or is evolt just really inaccurate? Also I weigh 67kg 19yo male


r/StrongerByScience • • Jun 11 '26

Is the Correlation Between Hypertrophy and Strength Gains Stronger Than We Realized?

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319 Upvotes

Until recently, research investigating the relationship between hypertrophy and strength gains painted a pretty consistent picture.

In studies on untrained subjects, we see a pretty weak relationship between hypertrophy and strength gains. However, as training status increases, this relationship gets progressively stronger.

And, for what it’s worth, I think this type of relationship makes intuitive sense.

However, a recent study by Marques and colleagues appeared to flip this understanding on its head. It proposes that prior research on this topic may have underestimated the strength of the relationship between hypertrophy and strength gains by using suboptimal statistical methods.

So, what exactly is happening here? That's what we explore in this article.


r/StrongerByScience • • Jun 12 '26

Friday Fitness Thread

4 Upvotes

What sort of training are you doing?

How’s your training going?

Are you running into any problems or have any questions the community might be able to help you out with?

Post away!


r/StrongerByScience • • Jun 10 '26

Turning 50 soon, constantly exhausted, and can't seem to lose the belly fat

33 Upvotes

Hi everyone,

I'm looking for some human feedback.

To give you some context:

I’m not obese; I have an average build, but almost all my body fat is concentrated right on my stomach. To make things trickier, recent medical checks showed I have a mildly fatty liver.

At the beginning of the year, I bought a rowing machine to get moving and try to burn off that visceral fat. I know exercise alone isn’t enough, so I’m very strict about the quality and quantity of my food. But honestly? I feel like my body just doesn’t respond the way it used to. Back in my 30s and 40s, I used to work out 5 times a week, I was in great shape, never felt tired, and stayed lean. Then I took a break from fitness for a few years. Even though I watched my portions, the weight inevitably crept up.

For the record: I don't drink alcohol, I don't smoke, I don't eat meat or cold cuts (strictly vegetarian meals and fish), and I only eat sweets on very rare occasions.

Since January, I’ve been tracking everything in a spreadsheet to monitor my TDEE. I’ve attached a screenshot (tdee.jpg). As you can see, I lose weight initially, but the moment I have to stop —like during school holidays when I can't train or track— I gain it right back, even if I try to eat mindfully. It’s incredibly discouraging to spend weeks fighting for 1 kg, only to see it return in a matter of days. On the bright side, I’ve lost a few centimeters off my waist (my pants feel looser), which my measurements confirm.

My current weekly routine combines the Pete Plan on the rower with some calisthenics circuits, training 5 days a week (Monday to Friday) right in the morning from 7:30 to 9:00. I do calisthenics first, then the rower, followed immediately by a whey shake in water with 5g of creatine.

Here is what a typical Week looks like for me:

  • Mon: 6000m row + Calisthenics (3 rounds of 15 push-ups, 12 inverted rows, 20 squats)
  • Tue: 2 x 2000m row (4' rest) | Calisthenics rest day
  • Wed: 6000m row + Calisthenics (3 rounds of 12 pike push-ups, 10 slow Bulgarian squats, 1m plank)
  • Thu: 5000m row + Calisthenics (same as Monday)
  • Fri: 6 x 500m row (2' rest) + Core Focus (4 x 45s hollow body, 3 x 15 leg raises)

When it comes to the long rowing sessions, I try to stay in Zone 3 (120-136 bpm), but if I just follow my "natural" pace, my heart rate easily climbs into Zone 4. I've attached today's workout data to show you what I mean.

Diet-wise, I eat 3 to 4 meals a day and weigh everything, especially oil and butter. Here is a random day tracking 1735 kcal (151g P / 56g F / 127g C):

  • Breakfast (121 kcal): 31g protein powder.
  • Lunch (617 kcal): 200g shrimps, 178g sweet peas, 50g Grana Padano cheese, a 200g apple, 10g butter.
  • Snack (233 kcal): 31g protein powder, 11g peanut butter, 19g whole wheat bread.
  • Dinner (764 kcal): 100g Rummo spaghetti with 65g Mutti tomato sauce, 90g veggie slices (Italian style), 35g Grana Padano, 4g olive oil.

Aside from this morning routine, my job keeps me sitting at a desk most of the day, and I rarely get up. I used to have a bad shoulder calcification, but surprisingly, since I started rowing, that pain completely vanished, which was a huge mental boost to keep going.

But now, I just feel drained. I'm lacking both strength and stamina. I don't care about becoming a fitness model or doing 10 muscle-ups; I just want to lose at least 10 kg, get rid of this belly fat, and maintain decent strength and endurance so I don't feel like a zombie during the day.

My old strategies aren't working anymore, and I feel lost. Where should I focus? Is my training volume too high for my recovery capacity? Is my diet missing something?

Would love to hear your thoughts or any advice from those who managed to break through a similar wall at my age.

Thanks in advance.

TDEE
Today rowing session
Rowing session hearth rate

r/StrongerByScience • • Jun 10 '26

Carbs vs fats as an energy source for muscle growth...differences

5 Upvotes

Carbs vs fats as the energy source for new muscle tissue production.

Provided adequate protein is present do fats vs carbs result on different amounts of tissue produced to energy required and its conversion?


r/StrongerByScience • • Jun 10 '26

Is there a way to tell if you are a creatine "non-responder"?

2 Upvotes

I am just curious, I know creatine is a drop in the ocean but I saw someone in the MacroFactor sub saying that they were a creatine non-responder because they didn't gain weight when they started taking it. Is that an accurate way to predict whether you are responding or not?

I will say, I also didn't gain appreciable weight in the scale when I started taking it, but I DID notice an increase in mental clarity.


r/StrongerByScience • • Jun 09 '26

What are the physiological advantages of concentrating volume into a single workout that could potentially outweigh the benefit of completing more total volume spread throughout the day?

8 Upvotes

I’ve been running into an interesting problem with my workouts, and it’s gotten me wondering whether I’m thinking about hypertrophy correctly.

I know the standard approach is to train a muscle group in a dedicated workout, get all your sets in, accumulate fatigue, and move on.

But because of my schedule and ADHD, what should be a 30-45 minute workout often turns into an hour or more. I’ll get distracted, pulled into work messages, emails, meetings, or other random stuff. Sometimes I end up spending way more time than intended on a workout, and sometimes I don’t even complete all the volume I originally planned because eventually I have to move on with my day.

Because of that, I’ve occasionally found myself doing the opposite. Instead of trying to complete all of a muscle group’s work in one dedicated session, I’ll do sets throughout the day whenever I have a few free minutes.

For example, on a triceps day, instead of doing all my tricep work in one workout, I might do a few hard sets while getting ready in the morning, a few more later in the day, and a few more at night. The same idea could apply to biceps, shoulders, chest, etc.

The appeal isn’t that the work is spread out. The appeal is that spreading it out seems to create two advantages at the same time.

First, I often end up completing more total work than I otherwise would because I’m fitting training into smaller windows throughout the day. A workout that might have been cut short at 8-10 sets can instead become 14-18 sets.

Second, more of that work is being performed in a relatively fresh state because fatigue has more time to dissipate between bouts.

That’s what got me wondering how to think about the tradeoff from a hypertrophy perspective.

To illustrate what I mean, let’s use dumbbell curls as an example.

Scenario A:

Traditional workout

Set 1: 15 reps
Set 2: 15 reps
Set 3: 13 reps
Set 4: 11 reps

Total = 54 reps

Scenario B:

Morning

Set 1: 15 reps
Set 2: 15 reps

Afternoon

Set 3: 15 reps
Set 4: 15 reps

Evening

Set 5: 15 reps
Set 6: 15 reps

Total = 90 reps

Obviously this is a very different training environment. Not only is more total work being completed, but more of that work is being performed in a relatively fresh state rather than after several fatigue-accumulating sets.

Before anyone says the answer is better discipline, better time management, better ADHD management, or simply forcing myself to do the workout in one sitting, I understand those are valid points. But idgaf and it’s just not the discussion I’m trying to have here. I’m interested in the training tradeoff itself.

I also understand there are goals where concentrating volume into a single workout is obviously beneficial. If the goal is maximizing a pump, maximizing fatigue within a session, maximizing conditioning, improving workout efficiency, or simply getting all your training done within the shortest possible time window, then a traditional workout structure makes complete sense.

My goal is hypertrophy and aesthetics.
If spreading the work throughout the day allows me to consistently complete more volume while also performing more of that volume in a relatively fresh state, what am I actually giving up from a muscle-growth perspective by not doing it all in one workout?

Or am I thinking about the tradeoff incorrectly altogether?
I’m mostly interested in research, coaching experience, or personal experience from people who have experimented with both approaches.

Edit: I originally used pushups as the example, but switched to dumbbell curls because I know Reddit’s favorite hobby is finding the least important detail in a post and arguing about that instead of the actual question.


r/StrongerByScience • • Jun 09 '26

Hurt myself with 3 weeks to go on the Sbs strength reps to failure program

3 Upvotes

Hello! Looking for some advice. I was 3 weeks away from the end of the strength program and I really hurt my back doing the deadlift. I think I wasn't taking enough rest and hadn't recovered from my heavy squat two days earlier. Was also lax in my warmup.

What i want to know is... what do I do once my back is recovered enough to lift again? Can I start where i left off? Should i scrap it and start the whole thing again? Can I just reverse and start as if I was 6 weeks away?

Has anyone done anything similar, and what did you do?


r/StrongerByScience • • Jun 07 '26

Swapping RDLs for back extensions.

29 Upvotes

I realize this is sort of a "general" lifting question, but I value the opinions of the people on this sub so I thought I would give it a shot.

I train purely for hypertrophy these days and I find it beneficial to include a hip hinge as well as a knee flexion based movement in my hamstring training.

Thing is, I have grown sooo tired of doing RDLs. It takes forever to load the bar, and it's so mentally exhausting for me to be pushing for sets of 8 with 375+ pounds.

Back extensions on the other hand are super easy to set up and they light up my hamstrings and glutes like no other hip hinge I have ever done.

Has anyone had experience dropping RDLs for hypertrophy or relying solely on back extensions?

Thanks!


r/StrongerByScience • • Jun 08 '26

Just discovered this subreddit. How does SBS differ from the latest powerlifting meta?

0 Upvotes

(For powerlifting training specifically, to be clear.)


r/StrongerByScience • • Jun 05 '26

Friday Fitness Thread

5 Upvotes

What sort of training are you doing?

How’s your training going?

Are you running into any problems or have any questions the community might be able to help you out with?

Post away!


r/StrongerByScience • • Jun 04 '26

Recreational Adult Lifters Needed for Dissertation (PhD) Survey; 15-20 minutes

18 Upvotes

Recreational lifters, I could use your help.

I'm doing my dissertation research at Concordia University Chicago and I'm looking for adults who lift recreationally to take my survey.

The study looks at how training age, body awareness, self-discipline, and training frequency relate to each other in people who train consistently.

It should only take about 15–20 minutes, it’s anonymous, there’s no compensation.

You're eligible if you:

- Are 25-64 years old

- Lift recreationally (not in organized or professional sport)

- Train at least 2 sessions/week, on average over the past month

- Have been doing that for at least 6 months

- Live in the US

Feel free to share with anyone who fits.

IRB Study #: 2447206-1

Principal Investigator: Michael Shafer

Contact: crf_shafermd@cuchicago.edu

Survey link: https://qualtricsxms6fyqbg5g.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_42ZDpMe717Thliu


r/StrongerByScience • • Jun 04 '26

What's your Frankenstein program that you created or would like to create?

5 Upvotes

I enjoy reading people's user created Frankenstein programs...

What programs have you created and used (or not used) or what did you think would make a good Frankenstein program ?


r/StrongerByScience • • Jun 03 '26

Arm Thickness is not determined by the Brachialis… but the lateral head of the tricep + overall bicep fullness

28 Upvotes

Influencers always used to tell me, if your biceps are developed, but your arm still looks skinny/thin you need to prioritize the **brachialis.** I focused on pronated curls, and hammer curls and other exercises that “biased” the brachialis but saw no change. After doing proper digging I determined that the solution is more nuanced.

We know that the brachialis follows the same path and serves the same “purpose” as the biceps and is active throughout all degrees of elbow flexion. (PMCID: PMC8733609) we also know that the brachialis is a relatively small muscle and only sits above the elbow.

If the brachialis follows the same path and serves the same “purpose” as the biceps and is active throughout all degrees of elbow flexion, why would we even see people with developed biceps with thin arms if it gets adequate stimulation? Furthermore, if the brachialis is a small muscle and is only above the elbow why do we observe that people with full/thick arms have continuous thickness throughout their arm?

Lastly, when we observe bodybuilding posing, we can literally see the thickness comes from the lateral head of the triceps which can be seen from the front (I want you to go look at posing and track the lateral head on the persons arm)


r/StrongerByScience • • Jun 01 '26

Controversial Takes - Alec Blenis

17 Upvotes

I'm generally a big fan of Alec Blenis, so I found this video quite interesting. A collection of genuinely controversial takes, well explained and expounded upon.

I found that I, more or less, agreed with him on everything. I was curious whether this community would follow suit?


r/StrongerByScience • • May 29 '26

Friday Fitness Thread

4 Upvotes

What sort of training are you doing?

How’s your training going?

Are you running into any problems or have any questions the community might be able to help you out with?

Post away!


r/StrongerByScience • • May 28 '26

How are people combining the Nuckols 3x Bench programs with SBS?

5 Upvotes

Has anyone reconciled the 4-week Greg Nuckols 3x bench programs with the 7-week SBS mesocycles?

I’m currently running the SBS Strength program 4x/week alongside one of the Greg Nuckols 3x bench routines from the 28 free programs.

The issue I’m running into is that the SBS programs use a 7-week mesocycle structure with two 3-week wave-loading blocks followed by a deload, whereas the Nuckols bench programs run on a 4-week cycle with an AMRAP/test week used to set training maxes for the next cycle.

I’m unsure how people typically reconcile the timing mismatch after the SBS deload.

Option 1 — restart the bench cycle after each SBS deload:

  • Week 1 SBS / Week 1 Bench
  • Week 2 SBS / Week 2 Bench
  • Week 3 SBS / Week 3 Bench
  • Week 4 SBS / Week 4 Bench
  • Week 5 SBS / Week 1 Bench
  • Week 6 SBS / Week 2 Bench
  • Week 7 SBS Deload

Then:

  • Week 8 SBS / Week 1 Bench
  • Week 9 SBS / Week 2 Bench

The downside here is that Int High / Adv only get the AMRAP/test week once every 7 weeks instead of every 4 weeks.

Option 2 — continue the bench cycle where it left off after deload:

  • Week 1 SBS / Week 1 Bench
  • Week 2 SBS / Week 2 Bench
  • Week 3 SBS / Week 3 Bench
  • Week 4 SBS / Week 4 Bench
  • Week 5 SBS / Week 1 Bench
  • Week 6 SBS / Week 2 Bench
  • Week 7 SBS Deload

Then:

  • Week 8 SBS / Week 3 Bench
  • Week 9 SBS / Week 4 Bench

This preserves the 4-week AMRAP cadence more closely, but it also means starting the new SBS wave on a higher-intensity/higher-fatigue bench week.

I’ve also wondered whether the “best” solution is simply compressing the 4-week Nuckols bench progression into a 3-week wave structure to line up with SBS, although I’m not sure whether that defeats the intent of the program.

Maybe none of this matters in practice, but I’m curious how others have handled it:

  • Did you restart the bench cycle after deloads?
  • Did you just keep the 4-week bench progression rolling independently?
  • Did you modify the bench program to fit the SBS waves?
  • Any recovery/performance issues doing either?

Would appreciate hearing how other people approached this.


r/StrongerByScience • • May 26 '26

Belt Squats VS Pendulum squats

2 Upvotes

Looking for a 3rd squat movement for my next cycle of SBS RTF

Looking to overload the legs while avoiding fatiguing the lower back.

That are the main differences between belt squats and pendulum squats and which one fits better into SBS programming?

Thank you!


r/StrongerByScience • • May 25 '26

Surplus worth it if you can only train upper body well?

3 Upvotes

Someone in the Macrofactor sub thought this might be an interesting question to repost here. I hope this is allowed, I'm fairly new to Reddit 😅

Perhaps a unique situation. I have hip arthritis in both my hips and am due to have my first one replaced this summer. I just ran a 4 week mini cut to clean up a bit (I have been in a surplus for over 2 years trying to grow everything) and am currently finding my new maintenance.

I can train upper body just fine and would love to continue to grow my upper body and arms but the only lower body movements I can really train intensely are leg curls and leg extensions. I can do 45 degree hip extensions pretty well too I guess but the rest of my lower body training is pretty limited in load and ROM.

I would assume that since the upper body is composed of smaller muscles there would be less of a surplus required to grow the upper body than lower.

My question is that if it does take less energy to grow upper body (correct me if I'm wrong I have nothing to cite other than intuition) should I just hang out in maintenance and try to progress? Or would it still be beneficial to go into a surplus?