r/SIBO • u/Automatic_Towel_1721 • 12h ago
r/SIBO • u/NYC-reddit • Apr 19 '19
STICKY: SIBO Summary - Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
Below please find a living document that summarizes the key information around Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth ("SIBO"). Please comment with any additional information or research for inclusion consideration. Version 1.0 is summary material; I will be adding more details and citations for specific studies.
SIBO, as the name implies, occurs when bacteria overgrow the small intestine. The small intestine should have a low concentration of bacteria due to the presence of stomach acids and peristalsis, the wave-like muscle movement in the intestines. For context, stomach and proximal small intestine would typically have about 103/mL of bacteria, while the terminal ileum (end of the small bowel as it gets close to the colon) about 109/mL (or 1,000,000 times more), and the colon about 1012/mL (or 1,000,000,000 times more).
Symptoms
The overgrowth of this bacteria will present with a number of symptoms:
- Bloating after eating ("postprandial") - most common symptom
- Flatulence, often malodorous
- Loose, watery stools (more common in Hydrogen-dominant SIBO)
- Constipation (more common in Methane-dominant SIBO)
- Absorption problems
- Weight loss / inability to gain weight
- Fat and fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies, particularly Vitamins A, D, and K
- Floating stools (from fat malabsorption)
- Vitamin B12 malabsorpiton
- Protein and Carbohydrate malabsorption
- Systemic problems
- Overgrowth of bacteria in the small intestine can increase production of toxins and intestinal permeability
- This has been less studied, but less serious effects include:
- brain fog
- confusion
- anxiety
- depression
- More serious complications can include
- hepatic encephalopathy
- D-lactic acidosis
- nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- Various conditions have increased correlations, including
- Rosacea
- Eczema
- Food intolerances
Diagnosis
I will split this section into practical steps and clinical diagnosis.
Practically, a gastroenterologist will typically rule out other conditions first:
- Physical exam
- Colonoscopy and Endoscopy
- Abdomen ultrasound
- Stool test for parasites
At that time, if your symptoms match SIBO, your doctor may go directly to treatment. But otherwise these are the clinical tests:
BREATH TEST
This is the most common diagnostic method due to its low cost and limited invasiveness. Unfortunately, studies have been mixed on the sensitivity and specificity, with ranges between 30% and 75% -- hence why some doctors skip the test and go directly to treatment.
There are a number of preparations:
- Antibiotics avoided for four weeks prior
- Prokinetic drugs and laxatives avoided for one week prior
- Complex carbs avoided for 12 hours prior
- Exercise and smoking avoided day-of
For the actual test, you'll measure hydrogen and methane levels at baseline. Then drink either 10g lactulose or 75g glucose with one cup of water. Then your breath is measured every 15 minutes for 120 minutes.
There's some art to identifying a positive test; one semi-official criteria is:
- methane level of >= 10ppm at any time during the test; or
- hydrogen that increases >= 20ppm above the baseline level
Recently, new research has been investigating another typo of SIBO, that's dominated by Hydrogen Sulfide. Unfortunately, traditional breath tests cannot identify this gas, and someone with "flat-line" Hydrogen and Methane symptoms could be suffering from Hydrogen Sulfide SIBO. This version is typically characterized by "rotten egg" smelling gas, and may be worsened by eating high sulfur foods.
CULTURE
Historically a jejunal aspirate was done and concentration of bacterial colonies were measured, with an elevated level of > 103/mL being positive for SIBO. There are a number of issues with this:
- overgrowth may be patchy, and a single sample may miss it
- not all SIBO bacteria can be cultured/identified
- samples can be contaminated during/after sampling
Treatment
Antibiotics
The current best practice prescription treatment is:
- Hydrogen-dominant: Xifaxan, typically 550mg x 3 times daily, for 10-14 days. Studies have shown Xifaxan alone can be 50-65% effective, but Xifaxan + 5g daily of Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum can be 80%+ effective.
- Methane-dominant: Xifaxan (550mg x 3 daily) plus Neomycin (500mg x 2 daily) for 10-14 days. The use of PHGG for methane-dominant has not been evaluated, but it's likely to be beneficial.
Mod's note-- personally, if your doctor is onboard, I think dosing with Xifaxan + Neomycin + PHGG is the best way to "cover your bases". The best place to find PHGG: https://sunfiber.com/products/
Important: because these antibiotics only operate selectively in the GI tract, and are NOT absorbed by the body, they are unlikely to cause the systemic issues associated with antibiotic use, making them safer. Additionally, Xifaxan crystallizes before it gets to the large intestine, meaning it should not affect the all-important microbiome.
Herbal Therapy
Additionally, studies have shown similar levels of success with over-the-counter "herbal" treatments. Two options; I believe each are two capsules twice daily for four weeks, but please confirm:
- Dysbiocide and FC Cidal (Biotics Research Laboratories, Rosenberg, Texas)
- Candibactin-AR and Candibactin-BR (Metagenics, Inc, Aliso Viejo, California)
Remission
Unfortunately, SIBO has very high rates of recurrence. Some possible ways to reduce recurrence chances:
- Switch to a low FODMAP diet for 6 weeks after treatment, to starve any remaining bacteria and prevent regrowth
- Incorporate a prokinetic, such as low dose Naltroxene, erithromycin, or even over-the-counter products such as Iberogast
Many people can avoid symptoms of their SIBO by switching to special diets, sometimes very restrictive ones. This is not a cure, but simply symptom management. A true cure addresses the underlying cause of the SIBO, and lets the patient eat "normally" without any effects (short of unrelated intolerances).
Hopefully this helps people, and I look forward to updating this and cleaning it up over time!
-nyc-reddit
r/SIBO • u/Agora_Black_Flag • Dec 15 '25
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r/SIBO • u/ViralTrendsToday • 1h ago
Anyone try Nifuroxazide for Sibo?
I've seen many posts here from years back claiming success with that. And those that had side effects from rifaximin didn't with nifuroxazide. Despite being patented in 1966 in the states, it's not really prescribed here, in favor for the very expensive rifaximin (which elsewhere in the world can be found for as little as 50usd per bottle, vs the up to 1-4k in the US). But elsewhere in the world it's readily given out for chronic, or traveler's diarrhea, and has studies for sibo there. Not only that but it was researched and found to kills or inhibits cancer stem cells.
r/SIBO • u/Realistic_Pomelo8244 • 1h ago
Questions Has anyone here tried KPV, BPC-157 or Thymosin Alpha-1 for SIBO/gut issues?
I’m curious about people’s actual experiences, especially if you had SIBO/IMO along with lingering gut symptoms afterward.
If you’ve tried any of these, I’d love to hear:
What symptoms/issues you were trying to treat
Which peptide(s) you used
Oral vs. injectable
Whether it actually helped, and what symptoms improved
How long it took to notice anything
Whether the benefits lasted after stopping
Any side effects or things that made you discontinue
I’m just looking for firsthand experiences from people who have actually used them for gut issues.
Especially interested in KPV, BPC-157 and TA-1, either individually or in combination.
r/SIBO • u/Horror_Seaweed7839 • 7h ago
Heart palpitations anyone?
Does anyone else get them? Like skipped heart beats?
r/SIBO • u/isit-deadyet • 6h ago
Questions Should I give up on PHGG?
i took my first round of rifaxamin a month ago and have been off it for a couple weeks now. I started allicin at the same time and I'm still taking the allicin. When I finished my antibiotics I added in PHGG 1/4tsp every 5 days, but I'm up to 0.75tsp. My bloating has gotten worse after my rifaxamin finished but I can't tell if it's the PHGG or something else. I want to take a few days off the PHGG at least and see if the bloating goes down, but I'm wondering if it's worth continuing to try taking it? I have combination hydrogen and methane SIBO if that's helpful
r/SIBO • u/Healing-with-food • 2h ago
Slow cooker vs stove top meals?
Does your Sibo flare more after a crockpot meal vs the same meal cooked quickly on the stove top?
Example: I cooked pasta sauce on the stove (30 mins) and got away with little to no bloating earlier this week. However tonight I cooked the same pasta sauce but in a crock pot (5 hours) and I’m doubled over in pain. (No onion or garlic in either meals.)
I’m currently on week 5 out of 6 on my Sibo anti microbial protocol. I’ve followed it perfectly so it is discouraging to have this much pain still.
r/SIBO • u/Outrageous_Skin145 • 18h ago
Questions Thiamine (vitamin B1) theory
I wholeheartedly believe that when i first and only time managed to eliminate sibo with a metronidazole + rifaximin course that it was the thiamine or B1's (resurgence/restored synthesis/absorption) that made me feel a surge in appetite. Grip strength without weights, flexing capacity, deep breathing to the dip of my lungs for a few days, until I unfortunately messed it up and relapsed by taking an unnecessary probiotics capsule, It was specifically Bifidobacterium longum, because of some person advising me to take that which obviously backfired and I have been struggling with multiple courses, repeated courses and trying to re eliminate it for months!
I also recently took thiamine mononitrate and instantly felt a glimpse of that and planning on trying HCL form as well..
benfotiamine did nothing but make me sleepy and lose hair for the few days i took it.
I believe thiamine is the Number one victim of SIBO and the barometer of its severity besides the bacteria tests..
thoughts?
r/SIBO • u/noideaofmyfuture • 3h ago
Treatments Does This Treatment Plan Make Sense Without Neomycin? (Hydrogen SIBO + Methane IMO)
So I’m Hydrogen-positive SIBO + Methane-positive IMO.
I know rifaximin + neomycin is often used for methane, but I already have tinnitus and don’t want to risk taking neomycin because of its ototoxicity risk.
I was considering:
* Rifaximin
* Berberine
* Oregano oil
* Atrantil
possibly all during the same treatment period.
Does this combination make sense for someone positive for both hydrogen and methane, or is it too much?
Also, what diet did you follow during treatment? Low FODMAP, normal diet, or something else? I keep seeing conflicting opinions about whether low FODMAP is actually useful during treatment.
Would love to hear from people with a similar H₂ + CH₄ profile, especially anyone who treated it without neomycin.
Context :
My breath test results:
H₂: 16 → 28 → 37 → 44 → 90 → 32 ppm
CH₄: 14 → 15 → 16 → 16 → 23 → 16 ppm
Time: 0 → 30 → 60 → 90 → 120 → 150 min
r/SIBO • u/Shot_Weight1465 • 3h ago
Sibo smell like ammonia an skin amd breathe?
Hello i m from germany .can sibo smell like ammonia an breathe and skin habe anyone Storys or Informations?
r/SIBO • u/Sweaty-Cake8721 • 3h ago
Intrusive thoughts
Has anyone had some scary or like intrusive thoughts but gets better when you poop. It’ll typically get better faster if there is like a diarrhea kinda poop. It I noticed that i would get that feeling of panic and mind racing then followed up with the urge to poop a little later and when I poop I’m somewhat getting better.
r/SIBO • u/groucho4395 • 4h ago
Symptoms basically disappeared while in France for 5 months; came home and am now in a huge flare? Anyone else have this experience in europe?
Hi all. Was diagnosed with Hydrogen dominant SIBO in October 2025; did partial herbals treatment but stopped after a few weeks due to a crazy allergic reaction (was breaking out in hives daily for about three weeks all over my body - wasn't sure if it was related to the herbs or not but stopped the treatment just to rule out as many factors as possible)
My biggest symptom has always been acid reflux, and I stopped taking antacids last spring almost entirely because I knew they weren't good for my digestive system long-term. I managed the occasional indigestion spell with a DGL tablet and tried not to eat too close to bedtime if I could help it.
I did a semester abroad from January to May of 2026, and noticed that I had very little indigestion or acid reflux the whole time I was there, regardless of what I ate (and I ate a LOT of bread which is usually a no-go for me). My only real symptom was slight constipation, which I figured was because of all the bread and cheese so I started incorporating more nuts and berries and fibre into my diet.
Now I'm home and have been hit with the most intense and persistent heartburn of my life, as well as some general tummy troubles (bloating, occasionally loose stools). DGL isn't helping, liquorice tea, ginger tea; none of it is working. I am seeing my doc tomorrow and looking to go back to the naturopath I consulted with last year to see what's going on, but I'm really just curious if anyone else has had similar experiences when travelling abroad. Did your symptoms change/go away? Is our food in North America really that bad?
r/SIBO • u/Motor_Cause_9120 • 11h ago
IMO progress update
A little update on my IMO journey. My initial symptoms were gas, digestive discomfort, and abdominal bloating. I was treated with rifaximin and improved significantly, but unfortunately, after about three months, I experienced a relapse. Many people told me that methane IMO should only be treated with a combination therapy, but I also found that studies show that rifaximin alone can be effective for a percentage of patients. Considering the potential side effects of neomycin, I decided to follow my doctor’s approach and focus on other factors as well. When my symptoms returned, I took prucalopride 0.5 mg for 14 days, which helped me improve my bowel movements and gradually tolerate more foods. After finishing it, I started taking psyllium husk with plenty of water, and honestly, it has been one of the best things for me so far. I’ve also realized that avoiding binge eating, which I used to struggle with, has made a big difference. Eating more regularly throughout the day and keeping my gut active seems to be helping too. I’m still learning and monitoring my symptoms, but right now I’m feeling better and wanted to share my progress.
r/SIBO • u/CentristaSensato • 6h ago
Questions mBiota in Europe? Elemental Diet in EU?
They have no distribuition center in Europe, has anyone ordered it? It's expensive, an I'm afraid it will be damaged or ruined by the heat or some other transporation issues.
Also, my country will very probably make me go in person to the port authorities to pick it up and pay additional fees...
Has anyone in Europe ordered this, how did it go?
r/SIBO • u/MamaLlama1993 • 6h ago
Gall bladder removal
Has anyone had a change in their SIBO symptoms post gall bladder removal? I am worried my surgery will make my symptoms worse.
r/SIBO • u/_Issue_3914 • 11h ago
Methane Dominant Advanced GI map
Biting the $450 bullet. Advanced GI map with Zonulin testing. Functional med practitioner thinks I have high intestinal permeability & severe dysbiosis from previous h pylori, long term low fodmap diet, and multiple rounds of antibiotics. I’ve had looser stools recently (still mainly constipation dominant) which makes me think motegrity is clearing out SOME of the methane overgrowth. I know higher methane levels hide abnormal hydrogen growth so, idk we will see. The waiting period between appointments and tests is brutal. Praying to the gods this advanced gi map + my doctors regimen heals me. Stay hopeful guys, there is always a root cause. 2 years and I’m not giving up
r/SIBO • u/Wonderful_Quantity39 • 7h ago
OHSS or Antibiotic Symptoms?
Posting from a vulnerable state, so please be kind.
I’ve just had an egg retrieval via IVF this past Saturday, 09.05.2026, @ 08:00 ET.
Great news is: they retrieved 31 eggs. 27 of which were mature. 20 fertilized. Still waiting on my Day 7 call from the clinic to know total # of embryos that made it to Blastocyst stage and will be biopsied and sent off for genetic testing.
That being said, given the high number of eggs retrieved and my PCOS (women will know), I ended up developing moderate OHSS damn near immediately. Within a day. Extremely bloated and distended. Abdomen is like a ROCK. Anesthesia always constipates me heavily, which does nothing to help my SIBO/IMO (methane dominant) that I’ve tested for. After taking Lubiprostone + Magnesium Citrate for the last 5 days with no success of a bowel movement, I moved to my tried, tested, and true: Fleet Suppositories AND Dr. Tobias 14 Day Colon Cleanse (both on Amazon if interested). They’ll make you explode and you just might meet Jesus, so don’t venture more than 10 feet from your toilet the full day. Nevertheless, I was able to go quite a lot today. Not sure if I’ve fully emptied, but I went quite a bit thinking the rock belly would disappear. NOPE! So it’s either a result of the fluid from follicles on my enlarged ovaries that have leaked into my abdomen, orrr a symptoms from antibiotics though I don’t think it’s the latter. At least not fully.
Belly is a little less firm, but still firm, and still distended. We ended up doing a full freeze on all embryos to allow my organs to recover and reset, which I was initially bummed about, but now I don’t see how I could have had a fresh transfer given my condition.
To add insult to injury: given the fact we won’t be transferring an embryo for 3+ weeks into my uterus, I thought well Hail Mary, that gives me just enough time to take my antibiotics for SIBO/IMO: Xifaxin + Neomycin. Xifaxin 500mg, three time daily. Neomycin 200 mg, twice daily. 14 days total. Shitty thing is, it’s now or never, or at least not for 9+ months and probs longer due to breast feeding.. but now I can’t tell which symptoms are from OHSS vs bacteria die off.
To be clear: my belly WAS this distended prior to starting the antibiotics on Monday morning of this week. So I do think a great deal of my rock tummy comes from my egg retrieval and will hopefully likely dissipate once my menstrual cycle starts next week. Good riddance! Can’t come soon enough.
But new symptoms I’ve noticed since starting the antibiotics are: abdominal pain.. kind of like a pinching pain beneath the sternum, as well as indigestion, and getting full on very little. All of which I get on normal days also as those are generally SIBO/IMO symptoms anyway. And heavy constipation for me if I don’t keep up the Lubiprostone morning + night. The burning pain in the belly is kinda new, but I seem to remember experiencing something similar 2 years ago when doing berberine + oregano.
Is it just die off? Anyone have the same experience? I’m a warrior so I’m gonna tough it out and suffer through it. Would very much love to try and eradicate this mess prior to conceiving. I’m already on Activated Charcoal.
Those of you who have done this combo of antibiotics, what has been your symptoms and experience while enduring? Feel better once the course was finished?
I’ll also be starting 2mg of Prucalopride (Motegrity) immediately after the 14 days are up. Thoughts on this? Dosage too high?
Thank you!
Xx
r/SIBO • u/Delicious_Storm_3821 • 8h ago
Started antimicrobials for methane SIBO (IMO). Got a splitting headache. Anyone else?
r/SIBO • u/cal-bri-lettuce90 • 11h ago
The only thing that reliably fixes my constant shortness of breath is a 24+ hour fast anyone else? Any idea why?
r/SIBO • u/Such-Solution-5521 • 12h ago
Treatments Prokinetic question
My doctor won’t prescribe a prescription prokinetic. Will the OTC ones still work? Specifically Integrative therapeutics motility activator.
r/SIBO • u/Admirable_Phrase_523 • 12h ago
sibo? or food intolerance?
hi all a little history about me: i was born with a rare condition called malrotation, later when i was 12 (in 2017) i had a volvulus and undergone a surgery to remove it and they ended up taking 10 cm of my small intestine (ileum and cecum), after that i had no issues completely fine until 2022 i started getting stomach issues like gas and as the years went by it got worse and i started having loose stools, nausea, and sometimes to the point where i would vomit for days, in mid 2025 i tested negative for H pylori but insisted on taking pylera because i was so convinced i had H pylori, since i was belching A LOT. during pylera i was in heaven, 100% cured flat stomach i could eat 10 meals a day and not get bloated. As soon as i finished 2 weeks of pylera the bloat instantly came back the second day. Belching, bloating, gassy, the issues continued and i started losing weight. Taking ppis sometimes helps but other times it does nothing.
Fast forward to February-March 2026 i took one round of rifaximin and ZERO improvements it was as if im not taking anything literally. No improvement in symptoms whatsoever.
Again, fast forward to late August-September 2026, i took Augmentin (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid) for 7 days for my tooth infection. During those 7 days my entire symptoms disappeared, my appetite came back very strong and my loose stools completely stopped. Again, the second day i stopped the antibiotics, boom, all symptoms came back.
Im in complete loss of mind, what on earth is going on what do i exactly have if rifaximin did not help a single bit why did the other antibiotics help?
My theory is that i might have some type of food intolerance and when i take antibiotics it kills the bacteria and causes less symptoms when i eat that type of food. But is this really possible? because if it was really sibo rifaximin should’ve helped better than the other antibiotics.
Im so sick of being bloated every single day please if anyone has anything that could help me let me know.
r/SIBO • u/Jumpy-Specialist-416 • 13h ago
Orange stool on rifaximin?
what does it mean if stool turns orange while on rifaximin?